An Introduction to Endocrinology: Global Diabetes Prevalence and New Treatment Strategies

 Introduction Endocrinology is that branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the endocrine system in the human body. It comprises of glands that have the ability to secrete hormones. These hormones are chemical agents that affect the actions/reactions of different organ systems in the body for its normal functioning. The most common … Read more

Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Know How to Manage Physically, Emotionally, Socially and Spiritually

 Kristen Chua Hagiperos Health and Wellness 10 December 2018 Inevitable Diabetes (Type 2)     Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the way a person takes in sugar or glucose (Mayo Clinic). Your pancreas produces a hormone called insulin to regulate the amount of glucose that is taken into the body; however … Read more

How bowel Resection with Ileostomy Affects COPD & Type 2 Diabetes Patients

 Post-Operative Bowel Resection with Ileostomy A colectomy involves removing a portion of the bowel. This may be done because of disease to a portion of the bowel or a treatment for traumatic injury. The two ends of the colon are reattached or anastomosed (Giddens 2017). There are a few different indications that a patient … Read more

The Growing Health Challenge of Diabetes: Uncovering the Role of Obesity, Ageing & Hyperglycemia

 Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health challenge recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the global prevalence of diabetes among adults has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014 (WHO., 2018). So, why has this increase taken place? Research has identified various factors which potentially contribute to the prevalence of … Read more

Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Uncovering Symptoms and Nutrition Habits in Kids w/T1D.

 Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Imagine how one’s life would change if they were diagnosed with a life-threatening disease, and were told that it is incurable. Now, imagine if that person were a child going into his/her adolescent years (i.e. the prime years of their life). There are many such diseases and/or … Read more

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) new diagnostic criteria

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a more common diagnosis due to increasing risk factors related to obesity, sedentary behavior, and pregnancy with type 2 diabetes. GDM is currently defined as diabetes diagnosed during the second trimester. Controversy surrounds GDM screening and diagnosing due to changes in the diagnostic criteria guidelines; such as testing … Read more

Axonal transport defects in diabetes

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and it has been associated with several complications affecting peripheral and central nervous system. Proper axonal transport is crucial for neuronal maintenance and function. Alterations in axonal transport have been correlated with the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Axonal transport impairment induces functional changes in the distal axon … Read more

Potential role of DPP4 in patients with Covid-19 & type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease is caused by the novel beta coronavirus, SARS COV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is presently one of the leading cause of mortality rate. This virus penetrates the human body via the ACE2 receptor. Recent evidence suggests a new receptor, the DPP4/CD26 receptor via which the SAR COV2 enters the … Read more

Critically discuss health education and challenges in managing Type 2 diabetes in a diverse community

Introduction Diabetes is a lifelong illness that affects children, young people and adults of all ages impacting on all aspects of their life often with debilitating effects (DOH, 2001). This essay sets out to critically discuss health education and challenges in managing Type 2 diabetes in a diverse community, as one aspect of diabetes management … Read more

Type 1 diabetes: biological, psychological, sociological perspectives / life course theory / multidisciplinary team

John was 17 years old with a history of type one diabetes mellitus (type one diabetes). John was diagnosed with type one diabetes aged three and had previously been very well controlled, with an excellent Hb1AC. When John turned 16 years old is care was transferred to an adult diabetic service. Since this transition occurred, … Read more

Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

American Diabetes Association (2015) describes “Diabetes as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 Diabetes(T2DM), the most prevalent form of the disease is caused by a series of metabolic disorders which results from insulin resistance in muscles and tissues, unrestricted glucose secretion, … Read more

A systematic review and meta-analysis: how SGLT2s affect eGFR in a tertiary care diabetes centre

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects around 415 million people around the world. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition which can cause a person’s blood glucose to go over the normal range and stay there.1 There are 2 common types of diabetes patients usually have and these are type 1 diabetes (type … Read more

Fast Consumerism Aiding the Development of Type II Diabetes

With the invention of technology, people have become accustomed to the ease of fast consumerism. This has lead to an increase of fast food chains and sedentary lifestyles in both developed and developing countries. Unhealthy food is easily available for consumers at an extremely low price. With the invention of the dollar menu, it is … Read more

How Diabetes Is The Biggest Global Health Challenge Now

 PaDiabetes is the biggest Public Health challenge the World is facing today as it has assumed an epidemic proportion. Diabetes is the name of a condition where the blood sugar level consistently runs too high. In the previous generation, diabetes remained a disease of the affluent. The present scenario has changed dramatically. The disease … Read more

Type I / Type II diabetes

In the UK, there are 90% of people diagnosed with diabetes are Type II diabetes and approximately 10% of people diagnosed with diabetes are Type I diabetes. The exact cause of Type I diabetes is not fully understood. It is characterised by complete insulin deficiency. The body’s own immune system of individual with Type I … Read more

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood (LADA)

“Around 3 million people in the UK have diabetes”. Diabetes was once defined as a serious lifelong health condition characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetes occurs when the amount of glucose in the blood is too high. Glucose levels in the body are controlled by the pancreas. The pancreas has two important systems: the endocrine … Read more

Determine the effects of gestational diabetes in the pregnant women in Saudi Arabia

1. Introduction: Glucose intolerance with early stage or first acknowledgment during pregnancy known as gestational diabetes is one of the almost widespread complexity into pregnancy. Gestational diabetes influences 1.1 to almost 26 percent of pregnancies relying upon the standards utilized, In the US.  It indicates a raising health concern; different studies grounded on various populations … Read more

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) analysis

Introduction Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition that affects women during pregnancy (gestation), where blood glucose levels are increased above normal limits (Baz et al., 2015). Blood glucose levels are controlled normally by insulin hormone (Kinalski et al., 2002). But some pregnant women may have higher levels of glucose that can’t be managed by … Read more

Gestational diabetes – risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, treatment

Introduction Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that affects women during pregnancy (gestation). Diabetes is a condition where there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. Normally, the amount of glucose in the blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin. However, during pregnancy, some women develop higher than normal levels of glucose … Read more

Gestational diabetes – nature, risk factors, screening, treatment

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased recently worldwide. If we want to understand the nature of this disorder, we have to know that Gestational diabetes might appear during pregnancy. Like other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes influences how cells use glucose in our bodies. Usually it causes high blood sugar that can … Read more

Gestational diabetes mellitus – epidemiology, mechanism, pathogenesis

Introduction Pathophysiology means changes in normal body function (physiology and biochemistry) which lead to developing disease. For example, changes in the insulin levels in the blood as it is decreased or their action becomes impaired it will lead to eventually to diabetes mellitus (Al-Noaemi & Shalayel, 2011). The diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of … Read more

Diabetes prevalence and risk

Diabetes is a metabolic chronic disease in which the body doesn’t process food into energy. This disease is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States by the number of death certificates listed due to this disease. Diabetes has two types: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is due to … Read more

Diabetes Metillus history and cellular etiology

Diabetes Metillus, diabetes for short is an incurable lifelong disease, categorized into two types: 1. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and 2. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Type 1 Diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease, where one individual’s immune system mistakenly destroys insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little to no production of insulin, a hormone … Read more

Prevention of β cell destruction in Diabetes using verapamil to decease TXNIP expression

Abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a fast growing problem worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that continues to worsen over time. Current treatment focuses on lowering blood glucose levels but it does not prevent the progression of the disease. TXNIP has been identified as an important factor contributing to the β cell death associated … Read more

Diabetes mellitus overview & ethical issues (newborn screening)

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a condition that involves blood glucose levels. According to the literature, there are many different types of diabetes, some of which are insulin dependent. Other types are temporary and are not insulin dependent. When insulin secretion or production is defected, it takes a toll on an individuals’ body. It can cause … Read more

Diabetes – Type 1 and Type 2 / Gestational

Abstract Diabetes is a real disease that affects over 30 million Americans, diabetes can lead to heart, kidney, vision, brain, legs and more. This disease can become deadly if not treated properly. In long term care facilities and other medical settings if not taken care of properly can lead to deaths or permanent loss of … Read more

Comparison of Diabetes type 1 and 2

Introduction Many individuals confuse the two types of diabetes. Even those there are a lot of similarities between the two conditions there is also a lot that sets the two apart. These differences mean a lot to those who actually suffer from either condition. The first step to differentiating the two conditions is by fully … Read more

Diabetes mellitus – types and review of literature

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a disregulation of metabolism. Peoples having diabetes have high blood glucose, also called as high blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) level, in scientific word’s hyperglycemia which is due to the defects in action of insulin i.e. shortage of insulin or … Read more

Genetic markers in Type II diabetes mellitus among Indian population

Abstract Present review is written to relate the various genetic markers in type II Diabetes Mellitus(DM) among Indian population.Genes play a vital role in the development of Diabetes Mellitus. Type II diabetes is often a polygenic disorder with multiple genes located on different chromosomes being associated with this condition which include  environmental factors which also … Read more

Finnish Risk Assessment Score and Biochemical Testing as Predictors of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Executive Summary Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accounts for chronic hyperglycemia and the body’s inability to efficaciously use insulin, resulting in a condition known as “insulin resistance.”6 Insulin is a hormone which regulates blood sugar levels in the body by entering the blood and absorbing glucose from consumed fat and carbohydrates for use as a … Read more

Is gastric bypass surgery a viable option for weight loss to improve Diabetes Mellitus Type 2?

The objective of this review of literature is to answer the following hypothesis: is gastric bypass surgery a viable option for weight loss to improve Diabetes Mellitus Type 2? Obesity has become a growing epidemic throughout the world, and gastric bypass surgery, specifically Roux-En-Y gastric bypass, has been become popular option to lose excess weight … Read more

The pandemic of diabetes

The pandemic of diabetes represents a major public health problem worldwide. (1) This modern epidemic is rather surprising considering that diabetes has been around since thousands of years and represents one of the world’s oldest disease. Ancient civilizations such as Egyptians, Indians and Persians have documented diabetes. (2, 3, 4) Diabetes prevalence increased by 50% … Read more

Solving Diabetes Crisis with Improved Treatments and Targets:

 Introduction Endocrinology is that branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the endocrine system in the human body. It comprises of glands that have the ability to secrete hormones. These hormones are chemical agents that affect the actions/reactions of different organ systems in the body for its normal functioning. The most common … Read more

Managing Diabetes This Holiday Season

 aUndeniably, one’s family can be an integral part of diabetes self-management. Family can provide emotional support and help with maintaining specific lifestyle components related to self-care. While research has established that support (including support from family) can be an integral part of diffusing stressors related to diabetes self-management, studies also suggest that family can … Read more

Obesity and Diabetes Linked to Autism in Children: Study Finds Maternal Conditions May Raise Risk

 An article from The Scientist Magazine written by Sukanya Charuchandra, Maternal Obesity and Diabetes Linked to Autism in Children, discusses several studies that have found links between maternal obesity and children’s neurodevelopment. From 1994 to 2018 maternal obesity nationwide has gone up eighty-six percent. This condition can be associated with children being born obese … Read more

Living with Type 1 Diabetes: Pathological Consequences and Effects

 Type 1 Diabetes and It Pathological Consequences Name Institutional affiliation Type 1 Diabetes and It Pathological Consequences Diabetes also is known as diabetes mellitus has different recognized types with the main categories as Type 1 and type 2. Diabetes has been categorized as an increasing health problem where reports by the world health organization … Read more

Causes & Treatments of Diabetes: Types, Symptoms & History

 Diabetes is a group of chronic diseases that is normally characterized by increased blood glucose level due to defects in Insulin secretion or insulin action or may be both.  In medical terms diabetes is called as ‘Diabetes Mellitus’.  Research has found out that diabetes has already affected some 300 million of population Worldwide and … Read more

Discover Morphologic Changes in Diabetic Axons: How Diabetes Impairs Axonal Transport

 Figure 2. Morphologic changes occurring in diabetic axons. Diabetic axons present an increased number of microtubules and neurofilaments proximally, as well as increased cross-sectional area near the cell body. On the other hand, axonal cross-sectional area near the synapse is decreased, and the total number of microtubules and neurofilaments also decrease distally. As a … Read more

Severe Obesity and Diabetes: Proven Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention Approach

 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to review and evaluate an academic journal article, as well as discuss how it might be applied to real-life scenarios. The article selected for review is titled “Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention for Individuals with Severe Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes” (Unick et al., 2011). This article uses … Read more

Unlocking a Healthier Future: The American Diabetes Association in Hawaii!

 The American Diabetes Association in Hawai’i is a local nonprofit program designed to establish a community to prevent and care for individuals diagnosed with diabetes.  This program invests in research for diabetes, advocate for individuals who suffer from discrimination from being diabetic, and educates local communities about the significance of preventing and managing diabetes. … Read more

Help Chinese Elderly Patient With Vertebral Fracture, Hypertension, Diabetes, Depression and Cardiac Failure

 Patient Overview The patient is a 79 year old woman of Chinese ethnic origin admitted to hospital with a vertebral fracture sustained by falling over in her home.  The patient felt light headed and lethargic when she fell over.  She also suffers from cellulitis, the inflammation of the skin, in her right leg and … Read more

Manage Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Modification: Benefits, Drawbacks and Future

 Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder which mainly caused by the deficiency of insulin or insulin resistance (Oggioni, 2014, pp.1105-1111). According to Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies (2017, pp.2239-2251), It could result in macrovascular and microvascular complications that increase the distress of patients both mentally and physically. Moreover, a recent investigation indicated the worldwide … Read more

Types of Diabetes, Vitamin D Deficiency and Health Risks: Understanding Diabetes and Vitamin D Deficiency

 Diabetes is a well-known disease that is increasingly affecting millions of people around the world. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes – also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or early-onset diabetes – is an autoimmune disease, which is usually developed during an individual’s younger years (Ananya … Read more

Stem cells as a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus

 How stem cells may offer a new therapeutic approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) The use of stem cells in treating diseases and disorders has become the most idealised solution for many due to its regenerative ability, as well as its capabilities in differentiating into a variety of different cell types (Chagastelles … Read more

Uncovering the History and Risks of Type 1 Diabetes: 1552 B.C to Now

 It was around the year of 1552 B.C., when diabetes was first discovered. An Egyptian physician named Hesy-Ra had noted a very mysterious disease that had caused abnormal symptoms such as frequently urinating and making people abnormally thin or weak. Ants seemed to be lured to the people’s urine with the mysterious disease as … Read more

Solving the Epidemic: Understanding the Psychological Effects of Diabetes on Families

 Currently, a disease is ravaging America as it turns into an epidemic. According to the Center of Disease Control, in 2015, there were approximately twenty-three point two-five Americans that were diagnosed with diabetes. This number has been climbing steadily for over a century. An epidemic as fast growing as diabetes is studied rather closely. … Read more

Reduce Risk Of Death: How To Properly Control Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

 Medical Significance Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the lack of production of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin is the hormone responsible for transporting the primary energy source, glucose, from the blood stream to the muscles [1]. The build up of this glucose in the blood is defined as … Read more

Depression among Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient in Taif, KSA 2018

Background: Diabetes is groups of metabolic disorders in which there is metabolic derangement leading to  acumination of glucose in blood  and resulting in several tissue and organs damage . The diabetes can occur as result of pancreatic failure to release the insulin in response to high blood glucose level  (type 1 diabetes ) or the … Read more

Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Diabetes Outpatients in Taif, KSA (2018)

 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Joint Program of Family Medicine, Taif Predictors of depression among diabetes mellitus outpatient attending King Abdul-Aziz specialist hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia (2018) Prepped by: Dr. Ibrahim Sulaiman Alasiri M.B.B.S, R2, joint program of Family Medicine, Taif, 2017 Academic Supervisor Dr. Fwaz Alotibi CONSULTANT OF FAMILY MEDICINE Proposal submitted in … Read more

Enhancing Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management: Strategies from Science and Art

 iabetes Self-Management Education Programs: The meta-analysis of 22 studies of psychosocial behaviors affecting diabetes self-management behaviors highlighted the importance of self-efficacy as one of the strongest predictors of self-management behavior. Therefore, it is imperative that diabetes educators incorporate learning opportunities that will enhance patients' self-efficacy. The most effective method for doing so is to … Read more

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Overview of Diagnosis, Complications and Treatment

 aGESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy, and affects up to 14% of all pregnancies.1,2 The prevalence of GDM is difficult to estimate as it largely depends on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria applied.1,2 Nationwide data on the prevalence of GDM in … Read more

Developing Care Plan for Patient With Diabetes Ketoacidosis: NANDA/NIC/NOC Framework

 This assignment focused on developing a care plan regarding this woman with a history of Diabetes Mellitus and non-compliance with her scheduled therapy resulting in presentation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The Nanda/ NIC/ NOC Framework (NANDA, 2014) lends itself to the development of an evidence-based care plan to provide best practice care to Sinead regarding … Read more

SA Diabetes Care With Evidence-Based Interventions: Analytical Reflection and Critique

 The following essay offers an analytical reflection and critique, supported by research-based literature, of the diabetes pathway in my practice for people of South Asian (SA) origin who have type-2 diabetes. Relevant healthcare policy will be discussed and consideration given to the differing health needs of SA people in comparison to those of the … Read more

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Risk Factors, Prevalence and Management.

 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Hispanic Female Sonia Esparza Dr. Susan Hewlings FNS 672 Advanced Clinical Nutrition Case Study March 28, 2017 Introduction: Prevalence data A pregnancy can be the most life-changing experience for both mother and father. Unfortunately, due to the elevated incidence of obesity with more than two-thirds of the US population … Read more

KAP Study: Analyzing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Type II Diabetes and DR

 Guidelines published by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 called DR “a leading cause of new-onset blindness and a more and more frequent cause of blindness in middle-income countries.” 1 This is an emerging problem and is likely to get compounded by changing life styles and ageing of the population. Thus, the need is … Read more

Exploring Impact of South Asian Diet on CVD and Type 2 Diabetes: UK Case Study

 Introduction: Within the United Kingdom, people identifying as Asian/British Asian make up approximately 4.9% of the total population, according to data derived from the 2011 UK census survey. In figures, there are around 3,080,000 South Asians of Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi origin/ethnicity living in the U.K ((2011 Census- Office for National Statistics, 2013) The … Read more

Exploring NPWT in Treating Diabetes-related Ulcers

 EFFECTIVENESS OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS According to W.H.O. (2014), the number of people with diabetes has increased four-fold from 1980 with an estimate of 422 million affected adults in 2014. Diabetes Australia (2016) has declared it as a 21st century epidemic causing a big challenge in … Read more

Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Etiology, and Pathophysiology in U.S. and Risk Factors

 Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by chronically high blood sugar, resulting from defects of the secretion of insulin, insulin action, or both.  There are two main types of diabetes.  Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and is caused by a lack of insulin … Read more

Improve Post-Meal Glucose Control with Mitiglinide/Voglibose in Type 2 Diabetes

 Abstract Aims/Introduction: To evaluate glucose excursions and hypoglycemia frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with the combination drug mitiglinide/voglibose versus glimepiride as add-on therapy to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized cross-over trial involving 20 patients with type 2 diabetes. After receiving vildagliptin 100 mg, patients were randomized … Read more

The Importance Of Efficient Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Look At Australia And The UK

 Diabetes is a highly prevalent condition across the world, in both developed and developing nations. This disease affects significant portions of the population of all countries and its management is therefore very important to public health in general (1). Type 2 diabetes management is done in Australia and in the UK by many entities … Read more

Solving Diabetes and Improve Quality of Life: Types, Risk Factors and Health Practitioners

 Diabetes is a serious disease that affects the human body. Diabetes requires constant maintenance, without care diabetes can have a significant influence on the quality of life of suffering patients and possibly reduce their life expectancy (Diabetes Australia, n.d). Currently, there is no cure for diabetes, diabetics can live a normal life as a … Read more

Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Risk: Effects, Factors and Complications

 Pathophysiology Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) develops when there is not enough insulin secreted during pregnancy to control the rise in blood glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone formed in the pancreas. Insulin helps the body to use glucose for energy and helps control your blood glucose levels (Kinalski et al., 2002). When insulin binds … Read more

Diabetes – A public health problem

Diabetes is a household phrase as this public health problem has been increasing amongst populations worldwide at an alarming rate. According to the American Diabetes Association, about 30.3 million people had diabetes in 2015- this statistic definitely needs to be addressed as diabetes has severe implications(1). This paper report encompasses a summary of diabetes type … Read more

The Truth About Diabetes: Understanding the Disease, Its Causes, and Prevention

“This cake tastes like diabetes.” Often, in statements such as the former, society associates obesity and sugary foods with diabetes, but a correlation does not always exist between the two. Essentially, diabetes is a disease in where an individual is unable to produce one’s own insulin or their cells are unable to use insulin effectively, … Read more

Innovative Glucose Monitoring System for Efficient Diabetes Management

Present Technology Diabetes Mellitus is a common condition in which many humans have the possibility to develop over time or are born with. Commonly referred to as Diabetes, the condition deals with high blood sugar due to the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin, or cells not reacting properly with the insulin. There … Read more

Glaucoma, Diabetes mellitus and Intra ocular pressure

TITLE: To assess the incidence of glaucoma and Correlation of Diabetes mellitus and Intra ocular pressure in the population of Western India. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Diabetes mellitus and Glaucoma by checking the association between blood sugar levels (BSL) and corresponding intraocular pressure (IOP) in diabetic and … Read more

Gestational diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION DEFINITION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.It does not exclude the possibility that unrecognized glucose intolerance may begin concomitantly with the pregnancy1 Cause for Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy is mainly a glucose intolerant condition. As pregnancy advances, the sensitivity to insulin decreases … Read more

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Types, and Complications

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes, it is a group of metabolic diseases in which a high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.1 High blood sugar levels include the symptoms like increased thirst, increased hunger and frequent urination. Untreated diabetes can cause many complications. There are two type of complications i.e., acute … Read more

Diabetes and Metabolic Abnormalities: An Overview of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolism

CHAPTER 1 Diabetes and Metabolic abnormalities Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder and is a major source of morbidity in the developed countries. It is not only associated with carbohydrate metabolism but also with lipid and protein metabolism. Diabetes and Carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate from various sources is the primary exogenous source of glucose. Glucose is … Read more

Understanding Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Genetics, Pathology, and Treatment

  Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is perhaps on of the most interesting diseases from an epidemiological standpoint. In 2013, 382 million people had DM, a number that has more than doubled in the last 30 years (12, 21). This figure represents around 7% of the world population, signifying that it is not just a problem in … Read more

Axonal Transport Impairment in Diabetes: Role of Axonal Cytoskeleton

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that result from defects in the body\’s ability to produce and/or use insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreatic β-cells and helps glucose from the bloodstream entering into the cells in order to be converted into energy. In uncontrolled diabetes, there is … Read more

Predictors of health outcomes among patients with Type II Diabetes mellitus

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents related literature and studies relevant to the study on the predictors of health outcomes among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Related literatures are provided information taken from the reliable resources such as journals, books, and government and non-government organizations website. Related studies are the previous … Read more

Existing methodologies and techniques for early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Healthcare is such a wide and extensive area of research wherein diabetes is such a deadly disease which hampers a common man life at the extreme end. Under healthcare, there is always a chance for uncertainty and imprecision under various aspects of medical diagnosis process. This paper reviews various existing methodologies and techniques used for … Read more

Diabetes mellitus (DM), Type 2 Diabetes

Review of Literature 2.1 Definition and Classification Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders of heterogeneous etiology characterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia and an altered metabolism of glucose, fat and protein (Pietropaolo et al., 2007; American Diabetes Association, 2014). The disease is classified as type 1 diabetes (T1D), … Read more

Understanding Diabetes: Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases based on what the blood sugar levels is in each person there are many types of Diabetes throughout the world like gestational diabetes, type-1 diabetes and type-2 diabetes the difference with type 2 diabetes is that they do not produce enough insulin are not responsive to insulin and … Read more

The Role of TCF7L2 in Type 2 Diabetes: Genetic Insights and Functional Implications

Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) was first implicated when a signal associated with Type 2 diabetes on chromosome 10q was shown in Icelandic populations to host a microsatellite DG10748, containing single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7903146 and rs12255372 in intron 3 of the TCF7L2 gene, associated with a ~ 45% increase in Type 2 diabetes risk per … Read more

The History, Prevalence, and Types of Diabetes Mellitus

The diabetes was first time described by Asian Egyptian by all most 3000 years ago. The term was first coined by Araetus of Cappodocia in 81-133AD. Later on in the history Thomas Wills added the word mellitus (honey sweet) in 1675 after rediscovering the sweetness of blood and urine. Similarly 1776 Dobson first confirmed the … Read more

Exploring the Importance of Stem Cells in Diabetes Treatments

Introduction Medicine is vital in today’s world as it improves the quality of people’s lives. Stem cells play a fundamental role in the scientific world as they have the potential ability to cure a variety of diseases. The rapid increase of stem cell research can evidently be shown in the recent articles, news scientific journals. … Read more

Literature review: Illness perception of Diabetes & health seeking practices in urban slums

Each year more than 36 million people die, due to non communicable diseases (NCDs) out of this, 80% deaths (29 million) reported only in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2013a).Global burden of NCDs was 43% in year 1999, which is estimated to increase up to 60% and supposed to be responsible for 70% of … Read more

Writing essays on diabetes

Here are some important themes, points, and topics to consider when writing an essay about diabetes:

Type 1:

  • Definition and Causes: Explain what type 1 diabetes is, how it differs from other types of diabetes, and what causes it.
  • Symptoms: Describe the symptoms of type 1 diabetes, including increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and weight loss.
  • Diagnosis: Explain how type 1 diabetes is diagnosed, including blood tests and other diagnostic procedures.
  • Treatment: Discuss the various treatment options for type 1 diabetes, including insulin injections, insulin pumps, and lifestyle changes.
  • Complications: Explain the potential complications of type 1 diabetes, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, eye damage, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Prevention: Discuss strategies for preventing type 1 diabetes, including maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding certain risk factors.
  • Research and Innovation: Describe the latest research and innovations in the treatment and management of type 1 diabetes, such as new medications, devices, and therapies.
  • Personal Stories: Include personal stories and perspectives of individuals with type 1 diabetes, as well as their family members and caregivers, to provide a more human and relatable aspect to the essay.

Type 2

  • Definition and Causes: Explain what type 2 diabetes is, how it differs from other types of diabetes, and what causes it, including risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics.
  • Symptoms: Describe the symptoms of type 2 diabetes, including increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of cuts and wounds.
  • Diagnosis: Explain how type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, including blood tests and other diagnostic procedures.
  • Treatment: Discuss the various treatment options for type 2 diabetes, including lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet modifications, oral medications, and insulin therapy.
  • Complications: Explain the potential complications of type 2 diabetes, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, eye damage, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Prevention: Discuss strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes, including maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding certain risk factors.
  • Research and Innovation: Describe the latest research and innovations in the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes, such as new medications, devices, and therapies.
  • Public Health Implications: Discuss the public health implications of type 2 diabetes, including the rising prevalence of the disease, its impact on healthcare systems and society, and efforts to address the problem at a population level.

Gestational diabetes

  • Definition and Causes: Explain what gestational diabetes is, how it differs from other types of diabetes, and what causes it, including risk factors such as maternal obesity, advanced maternal age, and family history of diabetes.
  • Symptoms: Describe the symptoms of gestational diabetes, including increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and increased hunger.
  • Diagnosis: Explain how gestational diabetes is diagnosed, including glucose tolerance tests and other diagnostic procedures.
  • Treatment: Discuss the various treatment options for gestational diabetes, including lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet modifications, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy if necessary.
  • Complications: Explain the potential complications of gestational diabetes, such as a high birth weight baby, preterm birth, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
  • Prevention: Discuss strategies for preventing gestational diabetes, including maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly.
  • Pregnancy and Delivery: Explain how gestational diabetes can impact pregnancy and delivery, and the importance of close monitoring by healthcare providers.
  • Research and Innovation: Describe the latest research and innovations in the treatment and management of gestational diabetes, such as new screening and diagnostic tools, and new approaches to treatment.

By addressing these themes and topics, you can provide a comprehensive and informative essay on the various types of diabetes that will help readers understand the disease and its impact.