Profitability Ratios Calculation
I. Markup Ratio = ([(Gross Profit)÷(Cost of goods)])*100.
2008: (83309/333237.608) * 100 = 24.99
2009:(109344/656061.54) * 100 = 16.66
2010:(135378/905989.7) * 100 = 14.94
II. Gross Profit Margin = ([(Gross Profit)÷(Sales)])* 100.
‘08: (83309/416547.009) * 100 = 19.99
2009:(109344/656061.54)*100 = 16.66
2010:(135378/905989.7)*100 = 14.94
III. Operating Profit Margin = [Operating Profit÷Sales] x 100
‘08: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(72895.95/905989.7) * 100 = 8.04
IV. Net Profit Margin = [Net Profit÷Sales]x 100
2008: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
2010:(135378/905989.7) * 100 = 14.94
II. Gross Profit Margin = ([(Gross Profit)÷(Sales)])* 100.
‘08: (83309/416547.009) * 100 = 19.99
2009:(109344/656061.54)*100 = 16.66
2010:(135378/905989.7)*100 = 14.94
III. Operating Profit Margin = [Operating Profit÷Sales] x 100
‘08: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(72895.95/905989.7) * 100 = 8.04
IV. Net Profit Margin = [Net Profit÷Sales]x 100
2008: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
2009:(109344/656061.54)*100 = 16.66
2010:(135378/905989.7)*100 = 14.94
III. Operating Profit Margin = [Operating Profit÷Sales] x 100
‘08: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(72895.95/905989.7) * 100 = 8.04
IV. Net Profit Margin = [Net Profit÷Sales]x 100
2008: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
III. Operating Profit Margin = [Operating Profit÷Sales] x 100
‘08: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(72895.95/905989.7) * 100 = 8.04
IV. Net Profit Margin = [Net Profit÷Sales]x 100
2008: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
2010:(72895.95/905989.7) * 100 = 8.04
IV. Net Profit Margin = [Net Profit÷Sales]x 100
2008: (41655/416547.009) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
2009:(57275/656061.54) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/905989.7) * 100 = 7.80
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
V. Ratios on Cost of Goods Sold == Cost of Sales (or) goods sold÷Salesx100.
‘08: (333237.608/416547.009) * 100 = 79.9
2009:(656061.54/656061.54) * 100 = 83.33
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
2010: (905989.7 /905989.7) * 100 = 85.05
VI. Return On Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
Capital Employed = Current Assets – Current Liabilities
2008: (41655/48779) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/69579) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/108729) * 100 = 7.80
VII. Return On Owner’s Equity =[Profit to ordinary Stockholders÷Stockholders Equity]x 100
2010:(70737/108729) * 100 = 7.80
VII. Return On Owner’s Equity =[Profit to ordinary Stockholders÷Stockholders Equity]x 100
Stockholders Equity=Total Assets – Total Liabilities
2008: (41655/67990) * 100 = 10
2009:(57275/89655) * 100 = 8.73
2010:(70737/108945) * 100 = 7.80
Asset Management Ratio
VIII. Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = Turnover/Fixed Assets
2008: (416547.009/19212) = 21.68
2009:(656061.54/20075) = 32.68
2010:(905989.7/21802) = 41.55
IX. Current Asset Turnover = Turnover / Current Assets
2008: (416547.009/60867) = 6.84
2009:(656061.54/93756) = 6.99
2010:(905989.7/144563) = 6.26
X. Turnover to Total Asset = Total Sales / Total Assets
2008: (416547.009/80079) = 5.20
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(70737/108945) * 100 = 7.80
Asset Management Ratio
VIII. Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = Turnover/Fixed Assets
2008: (416547.009/19212) = 21.68
2009:(656061.54/20075) = 32.68
2010:(905989.7/21802) = 41.55
IX. Current Asset Turnover = Turnover / Current Assets
2008: (416547.009/60867) = 6.84
2009:(656061.54/93756) = 6.99
2010:(905989.7/144563) = 6.26
X. Turnover to Total Asset = Total Sales / Total Assets
2008: (416547.009/80079) = 5.20
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2009:(656061.54/20075) = 32.68
2010:(905989.7/21802) = 41.55
IX. Current Asset Turnover = Turnover / Current Assets
2008: (416547.009/60867) = 6.84
2009:(656061.54/93756) = 6.99
2010:(905989.7/144563) = 6.26
X. Turnover to Total Asset = Total Sales / Total Assets
2008: (416547.009/80079) = 5.20
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
IX. Current Asset Turnover = Turnover / Current Assets
2008: (416547.009/60867) = 6.84
2009:(656061.54/93756) = 6.99
2010:(905989.7/144563) = 6.26
X. Turnover to Total Asset = Total Sales / Total Assets
2008: (416547.009/80079) = 5.20
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(905989.7/144563) = 6.26
X. Turnover to Total Asset = Total Sales / Total Assets
2008: (416547.009/80079) = 5.20
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2009:(656061.54/113831) = 5.76
2010:(905989.7/166365) = 5.44
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
XI. Turnover to Net Asset = Total Sales / Net Assets
2008: (416547.009/67991) = 6.12
2009:(656061.54/89654) = 7.36
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(905989.7/108945) = 8.31
XII. Net Profit to Fixed Asset = Net Profit / Fixed Assets
‘08: (41655/19212) = 2.16
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2009:(57275/20075) = 2.85
2010:(70737/21802) = 3.24
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
XIII. Net Profit to Net Asset = Net Profit/Net Asset
2008: (41655/67991) = 0.61
2009:(57275/89654) = 0.63
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(70737/108945) = 0.64.
XIV. Net profit to Total Asset== {[.(Net profit.) ÷(Total Asset.)]}
2008: (41655/80079) = 0.52
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2009:(57275/113831) = 0.5
2010:(70737/166365) = 0.42
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
XV. Working Capital Turnover = Sales / Working Capital
2008: (41654.009/48779) = 8.53
2009:(656061.54/69579) = 9.42
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(905989.7/108729) = 8.33
Liquidity / Solvency Ratio
XVI. Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2008: (60867/12088) = 5.03
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2009:(93756/24177) = 3.87
2010:(144563/35834) = 4.03
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
XVII. Quick Ratio = ([Current Asset – Inventories])÷ Current Liabilities
‘08: (55470/12088) = 4.58
2009:(82963/24177) = 3.43
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
2010:(122977/35834) = 3.43
Stock Exchange Ratios
XVIII. Dividend cover = Netprofit / Dividend
‘08: (41655/4749) = 8.77
2009:(57275/6908) = 8.29
2010:(70737/7771) = 9.10
Financial Ratio Analysis
2010:(70737/7771) = 9.10
Financial Ratio Analysis
The method of analysing and interpreting the statements of finance is referred to as ratio analysis. The financial stand and profitability of a company would be evaluated by the ratio analysis.
Classification of Ratios
The following ratios would be identified from the provided financial statements of MG Fabrications plc.
- Profitability Ratios
- Asset Management Ratios
- Liquidity or Solvency Ratios
- Stock Exchange Ratios
Profitability Ratios
The primary aim of a company is to earn profits. The continued existence of the organization is strongly based on the profit. A firm needs profit for the expansion and diversification. Profits are, thus, a useful measure of overall efficiency of a business.
Profitability ratios can further be classified into:
- Gross Profit Ratio
- Net Profit Ratio
- Operating Ratio
- Operating Profit Ratio
- Mark-Up Ratio
- Cost of Goods Sold Ratio
- Return On Capital Employed Ratio (ROCE)
- Return On Owners Equity
Table 1: Profitability Ratios
Ratio Description |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Gross Profit Ratio |
19.99 |
16.66 |
14.94 |
|
Net Profit Ratio |
10 |
8.73 |
7.80 |
|
Operating Ratio |
90 |
91.26 |
91.95 |
|
Operating Profit Ratio |
10 |
8.73 |
8.04 |
|
Mark-Up Ratio |
24.99 |
16.66 |
14.94 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold Ratio |
79.9 |
83.33 |
85.05 |
|
ROCE |
85.39 |
82.31 |
67.04 |
|
ROE |
61.26 |
63.88 |
64.92 |
Gross Profit Ratio
G.P.Ratio can be calculated by dividing sales from gross profit. Formula to find gross profit ratio is: Gross Profit = [Gross Profit÷Sales]x100
G.P.Ratio is one of the significant ratios to measure the profitability of the company. Since the G/P ratio of the company is declining over every year, the overall profitability is low.
Net Profit Ratio
By dividing sales from net profit, we will get the ratio of net profit. N/P ratio is calculated using the formula: Net Profit Ratio = [Net Profi÷Sales]x100.
Net profit ratio is decreasing linearly and the profit would not be sufficient to ROI.
Operating Ratio
Operating ratio signifies the percentage of net sales that is consumed by operating cost. If the operating profit is high, it would have a little percentage to provide interest, share, reserves and taxes. Formula: Operating Ratio = [Operating Profit÷/Sales] x100
Operating profit is increasing over every year and it indicates operating efficiency is low for this company. Operating ratio for 2010 is 91.95, so only 8.05 % (100 – 91.95) is left to cover the interests, tax payments and the retention of profits.
Operating Profit Ratio
This is the ratio of sales and operating profit and the formula for calculating this ratio: Operating Profit Ratio = [Operating Profit÷Sales] x 100
The operating profit ratio is decreasing linearly. The company’s profitability and efficiency is very low for latest year.
Mark-Up Ratio
Mark-up ratio is the ratio of gross profit and cost of sales and it is represented as: Mark-Up Ratio =[Gross Profit÷Cost Of Sales] x 100
The difference in Mark-up ratio for 2008 and 2009 is 8.33 and it is quite high. Moreover the ratio is declining every year and it shows the low profitability of the firm.
Cost of Goods Sold Ratio
Cost of goods sold ratio is one of the expenses ratio. It indicates the ratio of cost of sales to total sales. The representation of the cost of goods sold ratio is:
Cost of Goods Sold Ratio = [Cost of Goods Sold÷Sales]x100
When this ratio is low, the company is increasing its profitability. But if the ratio is high the profitability is low. As for as MG Fabrications is concerned their expenses ratio is increasing which clearly indicates the lower profitability of the firm.
Return On Capital Employed (ROCE)
It is the ratio of net profit and capital employed. ROCE is measures the overall efficiency and profitability of the company.
Return on Capital Employed = [Net Profit÷Capital Employed]x100
From available data, ROCE is decreasing over every year. This clearly indicates the overall profitability and efficiency is low and it is decreasing.
Return On Equity
It is the ratio of profits of a firm to the equity capital and is calculated as:
Return on Equity = (Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders÷Stockholders Equity)
Asset Management Ratios
Asset Management Ratios can further be classified into:
- Turnover to fixed asset…
- Turnover to net asset …
- Turnover to total asset…
- Turnover to curent assets…
- Net profit to fixed assets…
- Net profit to net assets…
- Net profit to total assets…
- Turnover to Working Capital …
Table 2: Asset Management Ratios
Ratios |
‘08 |
‘09 |
‘10 |
|
Turnover against fixed assets |
21.68 |
32.68 |
41.55 |
|
Turnover against current assets |
6.84 |
6.99 |
6.86 |
|
Turnover against net assets |
6.12 |
7.36 |
8.31 |
|
Turnover against total assets. |
5.20. |
5.76 |
5.44 |
|
Net profits against fixd assets |
2.16 |
2.85 |
3.24 |
|
Net profits against total assets |
.52 |
.5 |
.420 |
|
Net profits against net assets |
0.61 |
0.63 |
0.64 |
|
Turnover to working capital |
8.53 |
9.42 |
8.33 |
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity ratios are used to analyse short-term financial position of an organisation. With given data
Table 3: Liquidity Ratio-:
Description |
‘08 |
‘09 |
‘10 |
|
Current Ratio.:. |
5.03 |
3.87 |
3.43 |
|
Acid test Ratio. |
4.58 |
3.43 |
3.43 |
Current Ratio
To calculate the current ratio two basic factors current liabilities and current assetsare used, by dividing current liabilities from current assets we get the result. When the result is high it confirms the business’ liquidity is good, they will face any sudden commitments. If the current ratio is low, it shows the company will find it difficult to face any immediate obligations.
Current Ratio ==[(Current Assets) / (Current Liabilities).
Current. Ratio of MG Fabrications plc indicates the result of the firm is better in ’08 than other two years and the result is decreasing.
Quick Ratio (or.) Acid Test Ratios:.
Quick Ratio is calculated using formula:
Quick Ratios.==[(Current Assets)-(Inventories)]/( Current Liabilities).
Quick ratio is more accurate than Current ratio. A high quick ratio indicates that liquidity level of the business is excellent. Quick ratio of MG Fabrications clearly indicates that it has low quick ratio and the liquidity position is not so good.
Stock Exchange Ratios
Dividend Cover
Description |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Dividend |
8.77 |
8.29 |
9.10 |
Dividend cover is the ratio between profits offered to shareholders and dividend for the year. Dividend cover is no. of times dividend paid out of net profit. Formula for dividends cover:
Dividend Covers =={[( Profits offered tothe Shareholders)/(dividends for that year)]}
A higher dividends cover indicates higher portion of profit is retained. The above data indicates dividend cover is increasing.
Limitations of Financial Ratio Analysis:.
Ratio analysis is useful and dominant tool of financial management. Ratio(s) are very simple to work out, however there are several boundaries to this method. They are summarised and given below:
- Inadequate use of a distinct ratio: A distinct ratio is not sufficient to analyse the financial statements. Many ratios need to be calculated and it is possible to confound the specialist.
- Lack of principles: There are no conventional principles for all ratios which renders interpretation of ratios difficult.
- Windows Dressing: Window dressing is the way of providing false statements to show profitability of business to a higher extent. Ratios calculated using such statements is incorrect.
- Change of accounting procedure: Change in accounting procedure by a firm makes ratio analysis confusing.
- Different Accounting Policies: Firms use different accounting measures and it makes evaluation of ratios complicated and confusing.
- Personal Bias: Ratios have to be calculated and interpreted and people interpret ratios in different ways.
- Price Level Changes: While making ratio analysis, no consideration is made to the changes in price levels and this makes the interpretation of ratios invalid.
Additional Information Needed for Complete Analysis
Balance sheet is most important to calculate certain ratios. Long-Term financial position of a firm may be evaluated with the help of ratios such as Capital Structure ratios and Coverage ratios and the data given is not sufficient to calculate these ratios. The data required to calculate these ratios may be found in the balance sheet. Leverage ratios are also important to analyse long term fiscal position of a business, without balance sheet it’s impossible to calculate these ratios.
Conclusion
From this exercise, the interpretation of financial statements using ratio analysis is learned. It is quite clear that, it is very difficult find the profitability and efficiency of a company by analysing the financial statements alone with the help of ratio analysis. We need to do more analysis to compute the profitability of MG Fabrications and the data given is insufficient.
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