1.1 Introduction
Development in our country becomes increasingly advanced and rapidly because of the impact new developing countries of Malaysia. Consequently, there are several of the buildings in Malaysia are being neglected and not properly maintained. There are some individual thought that the old building did not give any profits and give an unattractive view to the rapid development in Malaysia. Rapid development often change the structure of the building and some building has demolished because the land value. The community is the important role of the rapid development nowadays. Thus to enhance the public about the conservation and preservation of old buildings that has a historical value should be established among the people. It can give the benefits about the history of Malaysia for the young generation.
In 1972 the UNESCO Wold Heritage Convention has declared that the natural and cultural heritage are increasing with destruction, not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic life.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/. Destruction of cultural or natural heritage will of lead of extinction of all the nations of the world. Preservation of the old building is to create the identity of the city that has a history value. In addition, the development of new and old building must be considered in order to create the ambience of the building and the environment for the local community, especially the old building can compete with the new building and give contribution to the economy and tourism sector.
A according to the definition by Fielden (2000) is a building conservation is to measure the building from damage. It includes all the steps that can extend the life of cultural heritage and natural heritage of the building. A building has implied meaning, heritage value and culture. It is able to bring back the nostalgia of its architectural design and history that has ever happened in the building. The longer it is building the higher its value history. The conservation old building is a new in this country than in many European countries, especially in countries are dominated by Britain and Italy. As a community must be responsible to conserve the heritage area to prevent from extinction and it is very harmful.
The old building essentially gave many significant contributions towards of the image, identity, and give the beauty of the design. It gives a unique structure of the design of an era of development. Preservation give an important legacy for the unique architectural and the evidence of the era development in this country. The historical value can prove it that this country has their own assets.
By the way is very important for individuals to research about the historical old shop houses. In the order to see the current development in the future. The old shop houses in the city of Klang are classed as a historic building and has its own architectural value that shown the structure and design of the city. In the case this historic building will demolish the images and the history will disappear as a result of an increasingly the modern new development with new structure. The old building shop houses have a lot of potential in creating a new benefit for his country in part of economic and tourism sector.
1.2 Research Statement
This study was to observe the effects a part of conservation and preservation of this historical shop house against public opinion. This study is also to understand the meaning of the historical heritage which formed during the time away before the importance of this historic building to be preserved so that it can be inherited by future generations. There is no doubt that this city is its own unique Klang but due to the circulation during this historic old building shop no longer standing and give an image of the defect to the environment.
Most of the old buildings a part of conservation failures are not aware of in terms of character, architectural quality and maintain the value of its heritage contained in this old shop building. Position building hidden from public view because they do not understand the history and legacy of the era of civilization in this country.
1.3 Purpose of Study
The purpose is to study the significance of preservation and conservation of the old shop house that has historical and aesthetic value to the residents in the study area.
1.4 Objective of Study
In order to achieve the goal as stated as above, there are some objectives that should be carried out.
i. To understand the importance of preservation and conservation among residents as an initiative on the old shop houses in the city centre.
ii. To understand and define the characteristic that the buildings has a historical value.
iii. To evaluate the opinion of historical building in the city among the local community.
iv. To understand the quality visual that influence the historical building in the city.
1.5 Scopes of the Study
To achieve the goals and objectives outlined in this study. There is some scope of the study.
a) Aspect of history
Reviewing the historical values found in the study area in terms of historical value. Analyzing the background, type of building, age of the building should be preserved.
b) Aspect of physical
See the physical condition of the building such as taking photos of the building and its location, in addition to the current state of the building in terms of building facades, type of structure under its assistance.
c) Aspect of visual quality
Seeing this old shop building from the aspect of comprehensive and provides for enhanced image of Bandar Klang identity and quality of the buildings in the vicinity. Preservation of historical buildings gives continuity to the surrounding area.
This study exposes in reviewing the quality of the environment in the study area through visual quality perspective views of the public in the vicinity of the old store. It is able to approach the current situation of physical development and its impact on civilians. Aspects such as the growing importance of this old building care should be taken to provide the uniqueness and beauty of the structure of the building and the city’s image.
1.6 Case Study
Klang town is known as the royal town of Klang is thriving city with the business, industry and housing. It is located about 40 miles southwest of Kuala Lumpur. The administration is under Klang Municipal Council (MPK). Klang town is located on the north side of the Klang River, and located in the central part of the Klang District. Klang town center is divided into two regions, namely North Klang and South Klang.
In conducting the study, the study will only include the business district in central Klang, Selangor where the study focused on the maintenance and conservation planning study buildings of the old shop houses. However, what are all these buildings has its own history as well as the architectural and aesthetic value in addition to the high attraction. Thus, the concept of sustainability and conservation will be able to guarantee security of the buildings demolished by irresponsible parties.
The research area covers the area around the Jalan Raya Timur its located in the Klang South area. This street there are some shops have a long historical heritage building may reflect the development of Klang in a long time ago. The building is in front of railroad which connects from Padang Jawa to the Kuala Lumpur. A building builds before the war is located along Jalan Raya Timur, Klang. It is near the Railway Station Padang Jawa. These stores are built between 1930 to1940 was a very busy area in ancient times. However, the city is increasingly bleak due to the development of other areas in the vicinity. Now only a few shops were still operating as shops and office.
1.7 Research Method
In the course of this study, it will be done according to some level to facilitate and enhance the research work that will carry out a later date. Between compulsory processes implemented are.
1.7.1 First Stage: Preliminary Study
At this stage, the synopsis must be prepared for getting a description of a study to identify the location, aim and objective of the study area as well as the problem statements. It is also important to observe the current situation and finding issues and problems in the study area.
1.7.2 Second Stages: Literature Review
In the second stages, it is important to grasp the theories regarding the study, especially in term of preservation and conservation old shop houses. This information can be found in books, journals, template, article, report, website and etc. it is seen in term of adoption standards, policy and Planning Act and related factors.
1.7.3 Third Stages: Data Collection
There are two types of data collection’s primary and secondary data:
i. Primary data
Data collection by making observations and physical elements that cover the study area. The information taken is based on the observation from provided. Observation will be proved by a picture that based on a checklist prepared for an idea of the site and prevent any information left out. Questionnaire data collection from local people and staff in local authorities carried out using a set of questions designed to gather data. The respondents of the public also took a random sampling representing the actual population statistic based on research that is recognized. The second method is responsible for the interview on. Interview methods were used to obtain information about the study area. Besides that the observation also a main thing to search the historical building.
ii. Secondary data
Data collection from JPBD Selangor and the Municipal City of Klang. The required data, such as information contained in the States Structure Plan and other. Some data were also obtained from the local plan and technical report. In addition, any other information such as planning and initial steps in overcoming the problem of research and printed materials related. Information from other sources such as books issues, magazines, related to the field of the study.
1.7.4 Fourth Stages: Data Analysis
At this stage, primary data through the synthesis process and help be applied to obtain information. This method used to measure the available information correctly and accurately. The raw data were analyzed to produce the same findings have shaped for conclusion. The information collected will be sorted according to the class schedule and diagram and arranged in order of important and usable. These findings are true for the data obtained information directly from the study area with accompanying evidence. Among the findings are derived from the analysis as a potential, and so on. Thus, these findings can be used at the suggestion because it does not contradict the actual of the study area.
1.7.5 Fifth Stage: Recommendation and Conclusion
After analysing and findings of quality will be suggested to overcome the proposal from the recommendation. The steps of this analysis can be seen at this stage where proposals for preservation and conservation program will be carried out.
1.8 Methodology
The flow of the study is categorized into the theoretical and empirical aspect. Each aspect contains several steps involved in the study process.
FIRST STAGE
SECOND STAGE
THIRD STAGES
FOURTH STAGES
FIFTH STAGES
Figure 1.1: Flow Chart Process
1.9 Importance Of Study
The importance of this study is to bring awareness to all parties of the need to control a new development the old shopeshouses and importance the preservation and conservation and maintaining the architectural at the area between the parties involved are.
19.1 Government Agencies
The means are those responsible as Klang Municipal Council and the parties that are involved in the heritage building surfaces such as the Department of National Heritage, Department of Town and Regional Planning, Selangor. This study is expected to help the authorities to expose the importance of conservation and preservation, building architectural heritage to the public and tourist. Review the advantage and the preservation are one of the main factors in the implementation of this study.
1.9.2 Public
From the results of this research, the public get to know the importance of the conservation and preservation that can be preserved for the better development for the future. What is important is, this case study can help the community to preserve the old shopehouses area.
1.9.3 Tourism
Conservation and preservation for redevelopment will attract tourist visiting Klang to promote the level of response and local tourist or foregin tourists who come to visit this area heritage building. From the study, it can be determined the study area for the better that can attract tourist or otherwise.
1.10 Conclusion
This chapter describes how the research method to be used to aches goals and objective. All parties must concern this issue of the heritage value to be preserved and passed to the future generation. Beside that it can give the chance to future generation to keep and remember the history of this country of the era colonial development of the specific old shop houses in this area.
In dealing with the rapid development there are few factors that need to be proceed with the preservation and conservation of this old shop houses. The efforts to keep the city being identified should be known to the community and for the future generations. Awareness and conservation approach the shop house building is to protect the valuable treasures due of rapid development in nowadays.
The old shop house is an important element because it has a history of its own. Some of the individuals are interested the important of the history that give a contribution to ensuring that this historic building will be preserved. Heritage preservation of old buildings can be valued, appreciated and improve the respect of historical heritage in the study area.
Public awareness of conservation old shop house can give an advantage to the identity of the city. These can attract the historical value able to the community and the tourism. By the way all parties should focus on the conservation of the building old shop house from extinction and contribute also the respect to the image of the city.