Unraveling Misunderstandings of Schizophrenia: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

 “Contrary to public perception, schizophrenia is not split personality or multiple personality. The vast majority of people with schizophrenia are not violent and do not pose a danger to others. Schizophrenia is not caused by childhood experiences, poor parenting or lack of willpower, nor are the symptoms identical for each person” (“Schizophrenia” [Mental Health … Read more

SSRIs: From Chlorpromazine to Prozac – Benefits, Risks and Discontinuation Syndrome

 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are used widely in the treatment of major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. The first antipsychotic drug (chlorpromazine) was discovered in the early 1950s, which then led to the development of a range of drugs to treat depression and other mental illnesses. (Healy, 2003:43-48). Fluoxetine (Prozac) was the first … Read more

The Secret of Familial Breast Cancer with Genetics

 Genetics – Word Count 275 Over the past 17 years, there have been advances in the genetics with cloning of the genes BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. The pathogenic mutations in these genes have a very high penetrance. These mutations increase the risk of breast cancer up to ten times. BRCA 1 was linked … Read more

What are the pros and cons of stem cell research?

 Embryonic stem cell research has been a controversial topic since the year 1998, whenever doctors had learned how to remove stem cells from human embryos. ( “The Stem Cell Debate,” 2018) Embryonic stem cells are stem cells obtained from the undistinguishable inner mass cells of a human embryo. (“Embryonic Stem Cell,” 2018) The question … Read more

The History of Treg Discovery & Explore How It Impacts Immunology

 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 History of Treg discovery The adaptive immune system of higher invertebrates has facilitated a more efficient and specific defence against pathogens than that afforded by innate immunity alone. The hallmark of adaptive immunity is the generation of antigen receptors capable of developing lymphocyte clones through somatic cell gene rearrangement. This gives … Read more

Glioblastoma Multiforme: Causes, Pathophysiology & Treatment

 1 Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and lethal type of brain tumors and is classified by World Health Organization as grade IV (1, 2). The tumors are infiltrative, rapidly growing and are nourished by an abnormal tumor blood flow, thereby causing a poor prognosis for patients (3). Regardless of aggressive and … Read more