European monetary union

For Ireland, the decision to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) was believed to be the most important and controversial economic and political challenge since independence.

Exchange rate of currency

The exchange rate of currency in relation to other currencies represents the price of currency being expressed in terms of another currency or otherwise the expression in a national currency of a monetary unit price of the foreing country.

Exchange Rate

Performance of the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry has been a success story all over the world. The revenue growth of the Industry has been impressive.

Executives pay and compensation

In many companies, remuneration of high level executives, such as Chief Executive officers (CEOs) and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), are based on the performance of their companies as well as the market pay for similar positions.

Cost Of Organized Crime

The phenomena of organised crime is particularly pervasive in Italy and therefore, to most accurately model the economic rigorousity present in organized criminal markets

Deciding the best framework for Albania

Through this article in the light of Creel (2003) Ranking Fiscal Policy rules: the Golden rule of Public Finance vs. the Stability and Growth Pact paper, we try to explain the importance of setting a fiscal rule framework for a country or area. The assessment of the fiscal rules frameworks is analyzed in the third section, based on Creel, Buti et al., other economic and empirical literature, adding also our opinion on these fiscal rule frameworks. Referred to the criteria for an optimal fiscal rule, we have suggested a double fiscal rule which would be the most appropriate one in the case of Albania.

Demographic time bomb

Nowadays several countries of the world, especially developed ones are facing with the critical worldwide phenomenon so-called demographic time bomb which characterized by an increasing number of older people dependent on pension schemes and immigrants have higher birth rates than the native-born majority population which is very rapidly aging and having less children in these countries.

Disruptive Innovation

(Christensen, 1997) first proposed the concept of disruptive innovation for describing the innovation that had destructive effect towards the competitiveness of the existing mainstream incumbent firms