Essay: Astrazeneca is a leading pharmaceutical company

CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

1.1.Introduction:

AstraZeneca is a leading Pharmaceutical company and its aims and objectives are to increase healthy environment and provide quality of life of patients around globally. The company focusing discovery of new medicines and they improve new ideas and innovation to delivering quality and healthy life to the people. The company aim is to continue and sustain the new innovation of medicines and it brings benefits to the stakeholder and society.

AstraZeneca is encouraging and rewarding their employees when they come with new and different ideas which are useful to their business. The company welcomes many global communities and cultural aspects which are delivering more values and more benefits to their business. The company provides highly standard product and medicines and they encourage global responsibility and their effectiveness.

AstraZeneca is focuses mainly safety measures, health, well being and environment to their stakeholder to bring quality and healthy product to the society. They designed in a new way and new innovative medicines from their enormous research and development centre.

The study aims to study about the measure of CSR role on AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company. The study has explains about the corporate social responsibilities and its growth of AstraZeneca company. It maximizes the level of economical growth in pharmaceutical company and CSR activities through various communities for improving the healthcare industry.

1.2.Aim and Objectives of Research:

Objectives are considered to be the main foundation for any activities they are the end results of any directed aims. Brown and Moberg (2008) say that an objective assists helps to identify inter-organizational relationships. They seek to increase the value of the concern. The knowledge of research study will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use research results with reasonable confidence. Through the research the researcher involved to gathers required information makes his analysis and thereby presents his solution for the study he/she undergoes for thesis.

What are the CSR practices followed by AstraZeneca to accomplish the goal of sustainable developments in three areas such as Economical, Environmental and Social.

Objectives:

Ø This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in healthcare industries with special reference of AstraZeneca.

Ø To understand the CSR practices followed by stakeholder of the company.

Ø To know the pharmacy’s policies and practices evolving to adapt variable economic, social and environmental circumstances.

These are the problems are undergone by the thesis to make an effective research, analysis and interpret it to provide an efficient and accurate result to these problems.

1.3.Overview of CSR, Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industry:

CSR Definitions:

The WBCSD (World’s Business Council for Sustainable Development) (2007) defines CSR is refers to “It is a continuous process of ethical business to improving quality of work force from the employees and to improve their families standard and also it contribute for economic development.

Universal definition, CSR is consist of flexibility of business practices which has based upon economic, public, communities societies environment, business ethics with compliance of legal requirement. The CSR activities is also made for company’s stakeholder which has included, supplier, employees, customers, business partners, investors, vendors, community, government and environment.

Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industry:

The Health care is one’s own responsibility and depends to a significant level on the common people’s life style and not entirely only on the health intervention by hospitals. Therefore many countries are promoting their health care system in a different method. The pharmaceutical sector is also considering that one of the important health care system for a Nation.

“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity” is quoted by World Health Organization (2002). The Reclamation of health care is also important to become an integral part of health services. There are certain activities are more important for a health care management, they are preventive, curative, promotive and rehabilitative activities. These activities are not said to be healthcare management without a pharmaceutical sector. The health of the people includes social and Environment condition. It is about the live and works of social people, security fear and want, nutritional standards, educational facilities etc. The social medicines are depends upon the social anatomy, social psychology, social pathology and social therapy. The U.K pharmaceutical sectors are considered these activities to enlarge and growth of their research and Development.

The world around us is in rich and variable in many forms. Human being is dependent for their sustainable health, well being and care of life on fundamental systems and processes. This value provides benefit to stakeholders in the health care industry, with the growing technology industry is finding new ways to develop the corporate social responsibility in the economy. Implementation of many new medicines has provides various benefit to the pharmaceutical industry.

In recent years, the drive towards the healthcare performance has been the emergence of a new approach to the solution of the various diseases. This has been pave way for the development of many pharmaceutical industries. Everything that comes from invention and it as some utility, but its utilization is possible on the availability of appropriate technology.

Health care industry especially pharmaceutical industries provide support to all communities of people besides area and environment. The corporate social responsibility is that the stakeholder depending on each others for fulfillment of needs in the day – to – day life. The development of the community depends on the corporate social responsibility of the stakeholders. The consumers are in the healthcare industry on the basis of their need.

The CSR of Pharmaceutical company is an economic terms to improve its efficiency. The company must provide, good bio products, services, for a patient, curable product for incurable diseases, following good methods for research to create jobs and wealth to a society. The corporate responsibility of pharmaceutical company is not only to develop economic performance; it also must develop the social and environmental performance.

Adopting CSR strategies for Pharmaceutical Sector:

1. To promote pharmacy activities that brings economics, social and environmental benefits.
2. To encourage continuing development and application of best practice.
3. To ensure decent minimum level of performance in areas such as health and safety, the environment and equal opportunities.

The approaches of corporate social responsibility in pharmaceutical sector is a production and marketing of medicines and tabulate, practices of environment, business ethics, treatment of employees, engagement of community, human rights etc,. They are producing a CSR practices as more in pharmaceutical sector. The CSR practices are obtained by the company to develop the non-profitable and sustainable resources. The pharmacy company has secure more CSR to value for shareholders, employees, customers and society at large.

Pharmaceutical industry is one of the most outgrowing industries. It plays a vital role in the health care management. Many new inventions have been made by the scientists, recently more medicines have been found out for various diseases. Health care industries occupy a major place among various industries. Corporate social responsibility is indeed very much needed in this current scenario. The interaction between the stakeholders is developed with proper social responsibility. The stark malady in finding our remedies for health care industry lies not only in its application but also making them socially, economically and politically acceptable.

1.4.The AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Company Background and Overview:

AstraZeneca is a leading pharmaceutical company in the world. The Headquarters of AstraZeneca pharmacy company is in London at U.K. The company has largest research and development centre which has possessed at U.K and they are investing about £ 16 million for their R & D. The company has mostly concentrated in their innovation of research and development particularly in the bio medicines.

AstraZeneca has a more standard medicines and it have a responsibility to provide global standards to world wide. The company has a aim to produce more new products and innovation medicines for provide a effective services to the patients, environment and society. The AstraZeneca has mostly concentrated on their research and Development to increase their innovation of new medicines to the society.

The AstraZeneca has a wide range of new medicines to the worldwide and it improves the product portfolio to its world leader’s to provide high range of growth product to the society. It has a sustainable development in a research of new medicines at pharmaceutical industry. The company has employ around 12000 peoples for research and development and 66000 employees for manufacturing process form all over the country. The AstraZeneca has 16 research centres and 19 manufacturing process from 19 countries.

The corporate responsibility of AstraZeneca is to create value for stakeholder of the company, eco-friendly environment, economical practices and social responsibility to the community. The company has created a more job for U.K country. They recruit 10,000 employees from U.K alone. So the AstraZeneca Company has follows more CSR practices as whole for economic social and environment. It creates value for stakeholder to generate more services and eco-friendly activities to the society.

AstraZeneca has also practicing the re-cycling process for sustainable research and reduce cost effectiveness. The corporate responsibility of the company is utilizing the resources responsibility; possible recycling facilities share their principles to suppliers and other stake holders. The AstraZeneca has increased their sustainable growth to the economic, social and environment process. The company has a growth in economic factor such as, it increases to develop education institution and more investment in research and development. The company has also a sustainable development in the social factors such as, the company increase their facilities in employees growth and safety conscious, the employee’s development factors, make a gene – based medicines, it using animals for medical test etc., the company has concentrated and increase the corporate social responsibility activities to the social factor. The AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company has also increase their sustainable development in environment factors, such as, the utilization of more resources, climate changes, re-cycling activities of its energies, paying reliable taxes to the government, ozone depletion, re-cycling of waste water etc.. These are the activities are maintaining the sustainability development in environment factors.

In 2000 the AstraZeneca has introduced the SHE (Safety, health and Environment or well being) management has enrolled for the employee and the environment. The company has engage employee by providing various facilities, infrastructure and encourage the team work. They formed the conference for entitled the training session for employees and concentrated more when the accident or incident or happen at the times. The company has more advantages from employees and they get the feed back from employees about the company performance.

The AstraZeneca has generated the training institute for the science and development in various countries. The company has concentrated more in young ones science education. So the U.K country also get talented scientist and have a health and wealth of economic growth. The AstraZeneca has formatted many training institution in various countries like Bulgaria, India, Scotland etc., to develop the new science education system and build a number one company in manufacturing the medicines.

The AstraZeneca has more increase their membership by the charitable donations, trusts, sponsorships and various initiatives for the public. They promote health education to improve young scientist to the society.

The Important CSR activities of AstraZeneca:

1. The company has a responsible membership to a more communities, charitable donations, and various initiatives of the society.
2. AstraZeneca has generating the health science education to increase young and talented scientist to the nation.
3. The company has increase possible re-cycling facilities to cut down more cost.
4. AstraZeneca has improved their value of stake holder and share holder, Business ethics, communities, government policies, economic, social and environment.
5. It aims to create a healthy environment to the society and enhance standard life of the healthy people.

The AstraZeneca has developed and improve their corporate social responsibility in various methods. The company has follows corporate responsibility to increase the brand image of the company, non profit motive, and stakeholder and shareholders value. Now a day the Corporate Social Responsibility is more important for the company to utilizing effective resources and developing economical wealth of the Nation.

1.5.Conclusion:

The study provides the CSR role and activities of AstraZeneca. This may be the first study about the CSR in pharmaceutical industry. The research has come across the corporate responsibility of pharmaceutical industry to improve sustainable development of stakeholder, economic, social and environment factors.

The Literature Review section is explaining about the CSR roles and their activities are undergone by the healthcare industry. This will help the readers easily follow the following thesis. The review of literature has contained about the health care, about CSR, the pharmaceutical industry, the role of CSR in pharmacy and the corporate social responsibility of AstraZeneca. The review of literature has taken from various resources and various authors has explained in different aspects. The pharmaceutical company has undergone various medicines and several authors explain the importance of health in the pharmaceutical company.

The proposal has explained in the review of Literature about the role of CSR activities in health care industry. The corporate social responsibility is mainly followed by the company for developing their value of stakeholder’s sustainable development and following business ethics to improve their public image. It should understanding about the corporate responsibility of healthcare industry to increase their value of economic, social and environment factors. The pharmaceutical company has considered CSR activities are important aspects, to leading in a competitive market. The review has explained about the CSR of AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company and its sustainable factors such as economic, social and environment factors. The companies come across various corporate responsibilities to maintaining and increase the social welfare practices.

Research method has been explained about analysis of CSR role on AstraZeneca and how the data should be collected for the research. The research will base on the descriptive and experimental research. The data has collected through questionnaires and some of them are by observation group. The secondary data has collected through various resources like magazines, reports, text books, articles and net links. The research has analyzed by using statistical tools of chi – square and percentage analysis. It has also used the hypothesis test to analysis and provides a accurate result by using null and alternate hypothesis.

CHAPTER – II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction:

The Corporate Social responsibility is a very important aspects service sector especially on healthcare. The review deals with the role of CSR practices in pharmaceutical sector with special reference to AstraZeneca. In this Global era the CSR activities are playing a vital role in a pharmaceutical industry. Accordingly, the company follows many CSR activities to boost up the corporate image and promote health services to worldwide. This chapter will consists of secondary data or the literature review on healthcare, pharmaceutical Industry, about CSR, Role of CSR in pharmaceutical Industry and AstraZeneca.

Firstly, the author explained about definition of healthcare and CSR. As, it is briefly discusses about the pharmaceutical industry and CSR role of AstraZeneca. In Introduction part it has explained about background and overview of CSR and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Company. It also states that CSR practices is how important to a pharmaceutical Industry to achieve its ultimate goals and objectives. This study makes the important of CSR activities concerned by the company which has benefited by the society and Environment.

Also this review will look at CSR measures in healthcare as well as pharmaceutical industry. It also reveals about the CSR policies and activities are followed by AstraZeneca and it also says about community investment from the company.

This chapter reveals, starting by reiterating aim and objectives of the research study and moving to definition of healthcare and CSR, about pharmaceutical industry, CSR roles in pharmacy as well as healthcare, CSR practices in AstraZeneca and its end with CSR policies and measures of AstraZeneca.

2.2.Aim and Objectives of Research:

Objectives are considered to be the main foundation for any activities they are the end results of any directed aims. Brown and Moberg (2008) say that an objective assists helps to identify inter-organizational relationships. They seek to increase the value of the concern. The knowledge of research study will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use research results with reasonable confidence. Through the research the researcher involved to gathers required information makes his analysis and thereby presents his solution for the study he/she undergoes for thesis.

What are the CSR practices followed by AstraZeneca to accomplish the goal of sustainable developments in three areas such as Economical, Environmental and Social.

Objectives:

Ø This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in healthcare industries with special reference of AstraZeneca.

Ø To understand the CSR practices followed by stakeholder of the company.

Ø To know the pharmacy’s policies and practices evolving to adapt variable economic, social and environmental circumstances.

These are the problems are undergone by the thesis to make an effective research, analysis and interpret it to provide an efficient and accurate result to these problems.

2.3.Definition of Healthcare:

The health care has a lot of definition to explain its importance to the world. This proposal has some of the definition about the healthcare industry.

“Health is positive statement in which well being of harmonious development of both mental and physical capacities of individuals lead to the enjoyment of a rich and full life”.

– First five year plan.

“The progress and achievement of the past 50 years are solid foundations for a healthier and better world. It is already time to build on them. We can pass no greater gift to the next generation than a healthier future. That is our vision. Together, the people of the world can make a reality.”

– World Health report – 2004

The Good health is recognized as a prerequisite to human productivity and development process. It is very essential to economic and technological development. The healthy life of human contains healthy environment to the nation. The development of society depends on the quality of healthy people.

“We no longer ought to define health only in terms of sickness but rather in relation to the harmonious development of every individual’s personality. After all, it represents a balanced measure of a person’s total potential – whether biological, psychological and social; and to the notion of individual health we should add the concepts of family and community health.”

– Dr. E. Berthet, Secretary-General of the International Union for Health Education, Paris.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a complete state of mental, physical and social well being and the absence of disease will be considered as a health. In a country every individual must be healthy conscious and it is the government’s responsibility to make the healthy people. The WHO has ensured that cleanliness of environment and social aspects brings healthy life. The attainment of enjoyable life is the right of every human being and the government is responsible to fulfill their needs of health and safety measures.

Source: WHO, Health summary report – 2002

The health is “flexible state of body and mind which has the range inside the persons condition and the peak of enjoyment of physical, mental, emotional, age, sex other biological characteristics and regarding environment operation of internal and external stimuli and without an outside aid its regain it” (IMS Health MIDAS MAT Dec 2007). Seal says everything about the health and it is important for every individual to follow in the country.

In every country the Government is responsible to take care of ever individual’s health. So the country must improve its health department and Biological productivity for curative of diseases. The Government should recognize the health care department and pharmaceutical company which enhance the healthy life of people.

Every country must develop its economic growth and social development. The Health is one of the main reasons for developing wealth of the country. The ultimate goal of government in a country is to provide a quality of health to people (Maignan et al.2002). So the government should concentrated more in health care sector and must recognize the research and development and their new invention of medicines.

Source: DH. Department of Health(2008), “Research Governance framework for Health and social care”, Lord Hunt of Kings health – Journal.

T.K.N Unnithan (2000) states “Social development may be seen as a process of showing in a new order of existence”. The quality of life and quality of society and social relations should be existing and it indicates the level of the order of existence. The health care industry has increased their socio – economic development in a country and it progress the wealth and health of the people in a country.

Pharmaceutical industries develop their CSR activities for increasing their public relation and social activities. This will lead to undergo the expansion of pharmaceutical industry and maximize the level of CSR growth. The CSR of pharmaceutical industry includes the government, society, stakeholder, Environment and economic progress, R & D and health sectors. The pharmaceutical industry must full fill stakeholder needs and wants. This will engage to design a very good organization to the country (Ferrell 2003). Without a stakeholder the organization could not run in a successful manner. The stakeholders are a very important one to develop their industry or an organization in profitable aspects. So the organization must engage their stakeholder first than others.

The health is an important aspect of a country and it is mainly depend upon the pharmaceutical company and its medicines. So the health includes rehabilitation, curative, promotive, preventive, diagnostic education etc. But the good health formulated in a country is the basis of pharmaceutical sector.

Maximilikan (2004) in his views, Apart from economic growth and market share a country’s growth also include health of the people. The quality of people is very important aspect of a government to improve in the health care industry. In a pharmaceutical industry the stakeholder includes, employee, customer, suppliers, biochemical industry, related to healthcare industry, government regulators, society, economic, surroundings of the pharmaceutical industry etc.

2.4.Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBSCD) defines “corporate social responsibility is the commitment of business to contribute for sustainable economic development.” The aim of corporate social responsibility is to engage the internal and external stakeholders.

Michael Hopkin (2002) states that, “CSR is apprehensive with treating the stakeholder of the firm as ethically or in a social responsible manner”. The aim of social responsibility is to create higher standard of living and preserving the profitability of the corporation.

W. K. Kellogg (2008), the founder of Kellogg Company, he states that “invest his money to the people and it continuous to help and guide the company and its stakeholder”, the CSR includes “investment of CSR and enriching their communities”, “encouraging employee’s and people’s Volunteerism” and “he commit to be a corporate citizen”.

South China Morning Post (2005) defines CSR is consist of looking beyond the profits of the company and it refers to “the company is link to values of ethics, employee and public relations, transparency, with legal requirements and community benefits”. It also states “the corporate social responsibility and its activities drives the strategic decision making process, selection and recruitment practices, partner selection and development of product and brand”.

CSR is refers to “business or a corporate to takes place legal requirements to manage the impact of environment and the society”. This has deals with “how the corporate has interacted with employees, societies, public, customers, suppliers and the community which helps to protect environment and nations”. (Institute of Directors, U.K, 2002)

CSR is also consists of:

(Michael Arndt (2003))

Source: Michael Arndt (2003), “An Ode to “The Money – spinner”, Business week, article, pg. no. 22 – 23.

CSR missions:

(Charles Handy (Dec 2002))

Source: Charley Handy (Dec 2002), “What’s a Business for?” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 80, no. 12, pg: no: 48 – 56.

In pharmaceutical industry the economic growth of the country is amplified and also the responsibilities of stake holders are widened. The corporate social responsibility brought into the corporate controls and meets the various aims of stakeholders in the society. The corporate social responsibility ensures the task of corporate governance with the structural and organizational aspects. Corporate social responsibility is also subject to the stakeholder’s duties, religions and responsibility of their company.

The author has defined that the corporate social responsibility has interdependence between business and society as an ongoing process (Murray and Vogel 1997). It is a powerful way of making sustainable competitive profit and achieving value of stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility is a win-win opportunity not only for stakeholder but also for society at a large. Corporate social responsibility is about managing change at company level in a socially responsible manner. It acts as a signal at various levels of stakeholders with whom they interact. The alliance of CSR with the government and private sector helps in elevating about various health care industries especially the pharmaceutical industry (Green field 2004). The expectation of the individuals in the society is full filled through the corporate social responsibility. CSR focuses on the various practices and policies for the perspective institution and its people. In the increasing phase’s companies are adopting a member of policies in the corporate social responsibility for occupational health and safety of peoples in the society.

Source: Donald. H. Chew J.R (2008), “Corporate Governance and Accountability”, wiley, – Journal.

Recently there are NGOs trade unions, bilateral and multilateral organizations which promote and monitor social responsibility in the health care industry. There are multi stake holders at international level for providing various economic growths. Corporate social responsibility involves a process of social and community development. CSR enables the corporate image of the company in the society. CSR leads the society to a better economic standard and quality of life. A good CSR satisfies the needs of stakeholders and provides a long term growth in the value of the company and its contribution to the society. CSR enables the success of the company in the market for its services. It is helpful in implementation of various policies governing the decision of the stakeholders in the company. Thus, a good CSR aligns the interest of stakeholders in the company (Kusterer and Hussain 2001). It also defines the values of the principles of the company CSR helps the health care industry to develop its own understanding of how its behavior relates to external expectations. Government plays major role in CSR by defining the legal environment and influencing managerial decisions. CSR helps the pharmaceutical company to identify the key stakeholders; with the effective stakeholders the realistic objectives of the company are full filled. Not only to the stakeholders who are interested in ensuring best governance practiced but also the societies and countries worldwide. CSR is the relationship among the stakeholder in the company for its future development. It provides for the foundation to build up traditional values of the company (Welford R. 2004 “Corporate social Responsibility”, Journal of corporate citizenship.

Source: V. C. Mathur (2005) “Corporate governance and business ethics”, Macmillan. – journal.

2.5.About Pharmaceutical Industry:

The ABPI states, that the U.K’s pharmaceutical Industries largely export their medicines to various countries. The Glaxo Smithkline and AstraZeneca is the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies located at U.K, which has more manufacturing process of medicine and largely employs more number of peoples from U.K. About 73000 peoples were directly employed. So the U.K country has developed in its economic wealth through the pharmaceutical companies.

In U.K, since in 2005, exports medicines around £12.1 billion and import of medicines is around £8.7 billion. The pharmaceutical trade balance surplus of U.K country is about £3.2 billion. So U.K country concentrates more in pharmaceutical Industry and its development. The U.K’s leading pharmaceutical companies such as Glaxo Smithkline and AstraZeneca has invested their money more in research and development. They spend at U.K around £3.2 billion per year for research and development process.

In the country, innovation of medicine takes around 10 – 12 years and they spend £550 million to develop and innovating new medicines. So, most of the leading pharmaceutical company has invested their amount in research and development.

The U.K’s pharmaceutical company has 18th rank of 75 top most best selling medicines in the world. After the U.S, the U.K country produces more medicines such as, semi-synthetic penicillin and cephalosporin, medicines. Both medicines are more powerful for effective treatment against many diseases like asthma, cancer, ulcer, arthritis, coronary heart diseases etc.

Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) is one of the trade association for hundred leading pharmaceutical company in producing prescribed medicines. There are more than 90% of medicines which are manufactured by the British laboratories. The British pharmaceutical Industries exports more than £14.2 billion in 2007. And also they spent £3.5 billion for research and development. In a country every individual must improve their quality of healthy life. They are responsible to lead an economical and healthy environment into a country. But the research wanted more years to develop their new medicines. So the period of time and money is needed in the research and development of pharmaceutical company.

According to the IMS data view, AstraZeneca Company is the 5th largest pharmaceutical company in the world, which has 9% growth in 2007. There is £15,010 million sales growth in the same year.

World, Top Pharmaceutical Corporation – 2007:

S.No	Pharmaceutical Company	Country	Growth %	Market shares %
1.	Pfizer	USA	-2	6.7
2.	Glaxo Smith kline	UK	1	5.6
3.	Novartis	Switzerland	9	5.1
4.	Sanofi Aventis	France	8	5.0
5.	AstraZeneca	UK	9	4.5
6.	Johnson & Johnson	USA	5	4.3
7.	Roche	Switzerland	18	4.1
8.	Merck & co	USA	8	4.1
9.	Abbott	USA	8	2.9
10.	Lilly	USA	13	2.5

Source: IMS summary report – 2007

The Government is also responsible to take of pharmaceutical company and should support the activities of research and development. From the growth of pharmaceutical industry, the economy of a country will be increased and it attains a wealthy and appreciative environment.

In U.K the pharmaceutical industry has increased and it has merged with Europe for the process of developing in their new medicines. In 2007 about 23 % of sales have been attained both in U.K and in Europe. The U.K Government and senior ministry of pharmaceutical industry organized the pharmaceutical industry competitiveness task force (PICTF) to lead the competitiveness and success of pharmacy industry to other country. Every year the pharmacy industry has increased in U.K and it develops new medicines from increasing the investment in research and development.

IMS states that the export and import of pharmaceutical company has increased from 1980 to 2007. It increased around £ 745 billion to £ 14,567 of export and £ 222 billion to £ 10,291 billion of imports. The U.K government has increased their facilities in allocation of resources to pharmacy industries in developing their medicines in order to become the world’s leading company. The British pharmaceutical company is seeking to increase their new medicines but still they are lagging to invent more medicines. The USA is a most leading country to formulate new medicines.

In U.K most of the pharmaceutical companies has increased their research and development centre and training centre to invent enormous medicines and develop immense scientists. ABPI states that the pharmaceutical sector has created 2, 23,000 employment opportunity in pharmaceutical related sectors. It also employs more than 10,000 people from U.K. This leads to augment economical enlargement and sustainable development to the U.K country. ABPI association has hundreds of pharmaceutical company which are exporting their medicines to all over the world which has 80% of medicines prescription by National Health Service (NHS).

Source: Jill Solomon (2007), “Corporate Governance and Accountability, wiley – journal.

2.6.CSR Measures followed in Healthcare Industries:

1.CSR measures to Economic, Social and Environment:

The pharmaceutical companies are adopting variety of voluntary initiatives for the improvement of economical, social and environment performances of the society. They adopt particular codes and standard of policies for the economical well being and development. The net result of the economical growth is the improvement in health care industry for the particular period.

Government implements various legal formalities for the export and import of medicines to various countries. This has affects the economical development of the pharmaceutical industry. The society’s social behavior and cultural values has also a major impact for the pharmaceutical industry.

During 1990’s a number of development has been brought into pharmaceutical industries such as economic institutions, raped growth of volunteerism from non-profit organizations for increasing the economy and environment. The world business council for sustainable development (WBCSD) has suggested that CSR is the commitment of business for economic growth. It encourages the stakeholders in the organization both internal and external factors.

CSR also focuses on the social problems in which the pharmaceutical industry faces in the particular period. There are many regulation adopted by the CSR in pharmaceutical industry to protect society and the environment that the people has to attain benefit from the health care industries.

Source: Keshoprasad (2006), “Corporate Governance”, PHI, 4th edition, pg:112

Corporate social responsibility is the powerful way for making the lasting values of the organization. The United National Development Programme (UNDP) has promoted various concepts for meeting various developments in the pharmaceutical industries, for the welfare of economic, social and environment well – being.

2.CSR measures to Business Ethics:

CSR includes certain business laws by which both the organization and society is benefited. The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) creates some standards responsible for growth of corporate business practices. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies are promoting their corporate social responsibility strategies as a response to development of business ethics. They aim to send a signal to the various stakeholders with whom they interact in the society. The CSR enhances the business environment as an economical growth of the country. CSR establishes a system of promoting ethical corporate conduct within corporations. It also satisfies the objectives of the concerns and good practice of the business in the society (Veleva V. et al (2003) ‘Indicators for measuring Environmental sustainability – A case study of pharmaceutical Industry Benchmarking An international journal).

In 2002 White has suggested that there is a need to uptake the CSR practices which are useful for business from various data sources. CSR practices provide a well designed framework for the development of the business ethics, more strategically in development plans. It is widely understood that a set of good CSR creates a good business ethics. It also focuses on continuity of policies and practices in an integrated perspective for business. The role of stakeholders in CSR has gained significant importance in recent decades, this promote the functions for the growth of business. The business ethics is developing in a broadest sense by the stakeholders when they have a key note of the policies and practices of the CSR. The National Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) has suggested that an increasing number of pharmaceutical corporations are indeed engaging with the CSR agenda, not only in the reactive sense but in more proactive sense.

AstraZeneca the pharmaceutical company has ensured more business events and conducted conference to the growth of business affairs in pharmaceutical industry. It encourages more value of skills, knowledge, talented in science education to ensure and develop their activities in world level. The company has formatted the auditing activities for testing the quality of medicines and it has improved some more qualities to implement various quality sessions to the employees. The company has increased their business standard in world wide and conducted many business ethics reviews around world wide.

3.CSR measures to values of stakeholder:

The author say’s the stakeholder such as; owners, employees, customers, supplier, communities and governments are benefited through by the CSR policies.

The owner in the healthcare industries implements various CSR rules for the performance of measures by following respective methodology. The owner of the concerns through CSR policies enables the development of health care industries. The owners are responsible to face all types of risks and must have the capacity to make profit to the company. The management should be formulated through the various CSR policies to the employees & the society and human ethics. The Board of Directors and management should enroll their responsibility and to make profit to the company with legal consideration.

The corporate social responsibility enables the active participation of the employees in the organization. They expose their views for the development of organization. The employees seek resources that can help them for the growth to perform their jobs effectively. The employees of pharmaceutical company are responsible to make more great medicines and profit to the company. The management should encourage their employee’s activity and innovation of new medicines. The employees are the basis of company which leads the competitive market into the world wide.

The suppliers are supplying their raw material like medicinal plants to the pharmaceutical industry to manufacture their medicines. The supplier has a responsibility to maintain the level of quality product to undergo the manufacturing process (Green field 2004, Deresky 2000). This will lead to product quality and great medicines innovation of pharmaceutical company. The suppliers help in the research and development of medicines by their supply level. The Scientists are more specific in producing certain medicines.

CSR policies play a major role for the community welfare. In early 1980’s significant body of CSR research has centered a relationship between good corporate performance and a strong community. CSR helps in achieving lasting values of the community at a large. The pharmaceutical company has provided more CSR activities for the community to develop their resources and wealth of the surroundings (Murray and Vogel 1999).

Source: “Subhash Chandra Das (2008)”, Corporate Governance in India, PHI 3rd vol. pg.76

The government has implemented various rules and regulations for the maximization of health and safety welfare measures (Deresky 2000, Stigson 2002). Many efforts have been taken for the performance of various pharmaceutical developments. There are more legal formalities for export and import of medicines to the various countries. The government is in charge to maintain their legal factors for trading the medicines around the world. The government has approach for promoting CSR should seek to mainstream CSR within various community policies.

The shareholders are the investor of pharmaceutical company and it leads to improve their company as a leading company in the world. The shareholders are helpful to invest more to research and development. Their responsibility to invest in a pharmacy companies and it make a large production of investment and it lead to profit to the company. The shareholders are one the important stakeholder of the company to improve their investment at largely in charge

Source: U.C. Mathur (2005), “Corporate Governance Business Ethics, Macmillan, vol 4, pg: 221.

2.7. Corporate Social Responsibility in Pharmaceutical Industry:

CSR policies and practices involve integrating the values of the environment and development of individual well-being in the societal aspects. (WBSCD 2002).

Kotler and Lee (2005) proposes six initiatives of CSR measures they include safety, health, employment, education, environment, development of economy and fulfilling of human wants all these related organizations need effective CSR tactics to improve their business progress.

Habisch and Wegner in 2005 states “the practices of CSR principle differs from one country with that of another one. They also say that CSR creates relationship between business and the society.

The author explains that CSR practices should make the stakeholders of the organization to understand their responsibilities, towards uplifting of values in the concerns existing policies. It should be flexible to implement for the employees in order to obtain successful results. The CSR tactics should be good enough to cover both short-term and long-term objectives set by the particular pharmaceutical industry. (Alan.D.Smith, Business strategy series, 2008)

The author has explained encouragement of business and to embrace and practice of CSR that relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. The activities of corporate social responsibility is actively participated by stakeholder in pharmaceutical company. They are responsible to undertake every actions and risk taking progression into the business.

The stakeholders are further responsible for every activity done by business. The company has ensure the business stakeholders and had created a new business idea in else where. The pharmaceutical companies are encouraging and it improving the standard life style of the people. So every stakeholder of the company has got the good opportunities of healthcare system and it ensures the profitable motive.

The traditional pharmaceutical stakeholders are communities, labors, environment, investors regulators, consumers, competitors, business partners etc,, Each and every stakeholder of the company has their own responsibility to cater the objective of the company. It leads to raise the productivity of medicines and able provide more corporate social responsibility to the society.

Models of CSR:

The various authors have explained about the CSR models in pharmaceutical industry.

The resolving ethical conflicts take into account moral and legal aspects of the company. CSR is related to stakeholder’s interactions and other forms of social performance measurement and reporting and integration of core values (Fieser – 2002). It also examines the moral controversies which are commonly arises in the business world. Most of the Pharmacy Company has encouraged the social communities to do the well fare measures of the people. The company has arranging several forums and provides the services to the poor people to all over country. It will leads to public image to the company to ensure its more activities towards Corporate Social responsibility practices. (Fieser – 2002)

CSR involves the personal or organizational behavior of the stakeholders of the company. It is the motivation of the public officials and corporations. It provides valuable resources for the development of health care. The company has maintained the legal regulators and formalities to ensure more Corporate Social Responsibility to the government. The company is regularly paying their taxes to the government and follows the rules and government policies related to import and export of the goods to the other countries. (Brenkert – 2000)

A corporate social responsibility aims at maximization and preventing healthcare of the people in which health is viewed at the measure of legitimacy (Epstein and Roy 2001). The health care practices are more legitimate to the pharmacy industry to develop the social, economic and environment factors. The CSR practices have maximized the capability to increase profitability and it makes good relationship to the customer says Friedman in his views about CSR.

John Locke and Jean – Jacques Rousseau (2003) suggests that the implicit and explicit terms, is conceived to exist between the public and the organization. The development of corporate social responsibility is vested with the stakeholders, behavior towards the organization and the society (Fieser – 2002). The stakeholders’ corporate social responsibility encourages social economical and environmental performances.

Role of CSR in Pharmaceutical Industry:

CSR plays a major role in pharmaceutical industry. The managers in pharmaceutical industry need to engage effective stakeholders, CSR helps in such aspects. The active participation of the stakeholders is measured through CSR policies and programs (Anoff H.2001). CSR helps to reduce various pressures in which the pharmaceutical industry faces in the market. Thus the pharmaceutical industry focuses on its aim of achieving its development.

The corporate social responsibility has business ethics to improve the relationships among the world wide business. The pharmaceutical companies are an integral part of society and are committed to operating in a responsible and sustainable manner. The pharmaceutical company has a wide range of initialization of corporate social practices and continuous improvement in the innovation of resources. The corporate social responsibility is to raise the initiation of decision-making, voluntary, flexible and provide a role of companies in decision making process (Acutt. J. N. and Medina – Ross V with Oriordan.J (2004). The process of innovation should be followed by pharmaceutical company through the effective work force of employees. Much pharmaceutical company has integral activities of social, environment practices into the business plans are found in a legal affairs and political entities. It improves the performance objectives of the company and it has legal and political entities to form an effective resource in the environmental practices. It has discovered the strategic alliance of management and it improves intangible assets to co worker

The CSR reputation involves polices and practices which are undertaken by organization for satisfying the needs of employees the customers. The chain explains that, when the employees are fulfilled with their wants it leads to development of business ethics. On the other hand when the customers are satisfied it increases the values of society.

The corporate social responsibility should lead the entire company performance to attain the strategic objective. The companies have responsibility to enclose more business ethics, welfare practices, community benefits, legal affairs to enlarge their activities in largely. The activities of social welfare system can be measured by the committee of social welfare practices and provide an award from various countries (wood ward et al 2001). The company has responsibility to increase the quality of product and it improves the business ethics from various social activities. The pharmaceutical company must encourage the employee’s activities and conduct employee orientation policies.

Source: Christine. A. Mallin(2008), “Corporate Governance”, 2nd Edition, Oxford, pg: 154.

2.8.CSR in AstraZeneca:

The AstraZeneca has a good CSR practices in pharmaceutical sectors. The AstraZeneca has achieved the CSR activities through their stakeholders. The Astra Zeneca creates good safety welfare measures for their employees and creates aim for them to protect the environment and society. The major CSR aspects of AstraZeneca are SHE (Safety, health and Environment) to their employees and environment (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca). The company has formed more programmes and conferences to create the awareness about the medicines. The company has intended to make reach of right medicines to the right patients.

AstraZeneca has demonstrated their culture, value, safety and services to the worldwide. The company earns the social trust and empower of economic growth.

Delivering AstraZeneca’s Policies:

In 2000, the AstraZeneca the AstraZeneca has implement SHE management system to ensure their activities and attain their CSR objectives. Their safety, health and environment (SHE) management has ensures their corporate responsibilities to employee community and societies. It introduces the health facilities to the employees and regular audited system to the product.

The main objective of AstraZeneca is maintaining safety, health and well being activities to employees and it has regulated from year of 2000. It also has the objective to ensure safety, health and environment to the society and it managed by the company to the society and it managed by the company to the best performance to its environment.

CSR Policies of AstraZeneca:

CSR measures to community benefits:

The AstraZeneca has brought into community benefits in broad sense. The company has a commitment of corporate responsibility in health care education for young ones, charitable donations, sponsorships and other initiatives (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca). It has brings more programmes and conferences to increase their wealth of community. The company has aims to develop many trust and social welfare practices to the communities.

• The company has celebrated the birthday for many handicapped children and it increases the clinical facility to the children’s.
• It initiates breast cancer screening project for 1000 women and it examined and also it initiated many programmes for creating awareness about the breast cancer.
• It initialization of mammography machines for raising their funds and donations.
• It builds a mental health care centre.
• The AstraZeneca has donations life saving medicines to various patients.

Employees Benefits:

AstraZeneca has formulated good infrastructure and much facility to ensure their potential skills and talents. The employee has good team work, understand their teams responsible and have a good communication management to lower level employees. The company has generated the training session to all employees and ensures their potential skills. The employees have developed their own skills and responsibilities to attain the organization goals and objectives (Anoff H. (1999). Moreover the company has focused on the SHE (safety, Health and well being) management to form an effective workforce among employees.

Investing for Education to develop young scientist:

The AstraZeneca has ensured their investment in the trust and education in science. They generated the education trust for young people to develop young scientist to the nation. AstraZeneca has increased the donation and education trust in order to provide science education(Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca).. The company has invested for the training centre especially for the pharmacy sector. It regulates many forums for future career in healthcare management. The trust has formatted for young people to ensure a good and valuable education and imparts knowledge to the young people.

Community Investment programmes of AstraZeneca:

AstraZeneca’s CSR practices involve community investment programmes include charitable donations and sponsorships also provides medicinal products donations for treatment of victims to the community during the year 2001 AstraZeneca investment towards community is about $ 19 million. (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca)

Source: AstraZeneca Corportate social Responsibility summary report : 2001 (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca)

AstraZeneca invest for employees safety measures especially to employees who met with accidents in their drive regarding to company purposes.

Employee development consultation and well being:

AstraZeneca aims at developing individual performance and enhances to give the quality services, for its customer (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca). For this purpose the CSR practices involves employee development consultation in order to encourage and support the capabilities. The CSR covers the whole of 54,000 AstraZeneca’s employees in 45 countries. The deliverance of CSR goals is done through Web – casting, it also helps in reducing stress of employees.

Green house Gas Emissions by source:

The CSR practices of AstraZeneca involve emission of greenhouse gas, for this they organize a measure known as Global warming potential (GWP) (Tom Mckillop – 2001, Chief Executive of AstraZeneca). It also takes initiatives for replacement of CFC’s which depletes the Ozone layer; it also makes changes in reformulation of PMDI’s through these type of measures AstraZeneca diminishes the emissions of Gas.

2.9. Conclusion:

This chapter comprises about the CSR practices related to Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industry and how CSR are plays as a vital role in Pharmaceutical Company especially on AstraZeneca. The CSR practices are included community, society and environment; from this the company has formed and practices a good social responsibility to overcome the competitors.

CSR practices aims at generating interaction between the organization and the society. To effective and efficient CSR measures the concern is able to achieve its corporate objectives within the particular period. It focuses on serving the society and environment without any intention of attaining mere profits. The whole of CSR principles include the satisfaction of stake holders such as employees, customers, Intuitional investors, creditors, community and the government. Thus it paves a positive approach for enhancing the skills and abilities of employees to get success in this competitive era.

CHAPTER – III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

3.1. Introduction:

Research refers to the process of searching knowledge. It strives to attain information on the particular topic in which the study is concerned.

Redman and Mory (2003), “Research is an activity organized to learn about new discovery”. The research study is knowledge gather by various resources of data collection method and it analysis from the research design and statistical tools to discover the new data or predicting the future circumstances.

“Research is a method of finding solution for particular problem, which involves collection and interpretation of data and thereby determining the results” S.N. Murthy and U. Bhojanna (2008). The research method is a tool to finding a solution for a problem to maximizing the knowledge about the study with the minimum effort of man, money and time.

Through research the research person gains knowledge about various facts both in theoretical aspects and in practical aspects. The researcher finds out the apt solution for the particular research. The basis for all economic policies is done with the help of research. From efficient research desired results and also alternative for various policies can also be examined. Discovering of relevant answers by applying different scientific procedures is the main objective of Research.

3.2 Aim and Objective of the Research:

The study of research methodology gives the student the necessary training in gathering material, participating in field work when required and also training in techniques for the collection of data appropriate to particular problem, in the use of statistical questionnaires and it recording evidence, sorting it out and interpreting it. The knowledge of research study will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use research results with reasonable confidence. Through the research the researcher involved to gathers required information makes his analysis and thereby presents his solution for the study he/she undergoes for thesis.

What are the roles of CSR practices are followed by AstraZeneca to accomplish the goal of sustainable development in three areas such as Economical, Environmental and Social.

Objectives:

Ø This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in healthcare industries with special reference of AstraZeneca.

Ø To understand the CSR practices followed by stakeholder of the company.

Ø To know the pharmacy’s policies and practices evolving to adapt variable economic, social and environmental circumstances.

These are the problems are undergone by the thesis to make an effective research, analysis and interpret it to provide an efficient and accurate result to these problems.

3.3. Research Philosophy:

Positivism:

In Positivism approach science is considered to be one of the ways to obtain truth. This helps to understand more about the research and predict thing required for effective study (Levin 2007).Positivism is a position to seek knowledge that we experience during the process of learning. Positivism is a powerful way for reaching the objectives and goals through generation of new ideas.(Hirshcheim, 2009)

Realism:

The infinite inspiration, attitude and confidence within the human beings is known as realism (Kothari, 2005). In this study realism is helpful to know about the ideas of researcher and also clearly about the view points of the research. (Gilliers, 2006)

Interpretive:

Every organization faces some risks while obtaining their objectives and goals, in order to overcome this some alternatives must be done in the economical situations (Hirshcheim, 2009). The cause might be in the strategic administration in the concern, thus it should plan accordingly and set new ways based on the changing circumstances. There must be positive approach in all the activities taken by the concern. (Gilliers, 2006)

3.3. Research Design:

(Alan Bryman Emma Bell, 2003)

Research design is necessary for affective operations that help in making the process a successful one within the particular period. Designing the research is undertaken in order to minimize the expenditure and time and thereby to maximize the information. Appropriate research design helps in implementation of modern tools planning and analyzing different techniques used in research.

Research design is used for yielding maximal information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. The research design is an advance planning method and technique for collecting relevant data and it is used to analyze the whole project effectively. (Alan Bryman Emma Bell, 2003)

Quantitative Research:

Quantitative research is concerned with analyzing the data which is relevant to study. it consist of two approaches namely inferential experimental and simulation research. Inferential approach is undertaken with into relation to the number of respondents. Experimental method is analyzed based on the environment involved in the research stimulation approach focuses on the building up of artificial environment which is relevant to the research. (Alan Bryman Emma Bell, 2003)

Qualitative Research:

Qualitative Research describes the opinions, attitudes and the way of behavior in the particular study. These ways of approach mainly consist of interviews and new techniques. This approach is also concerned statistical points. (William G. Zikmund, 2003)

Exploratory Research:

The main objective of exploratory research is the formulation of the problem relevant to the particular investigation. Exploratory research provides flexibility and opportunity to study the problem. Thus it helps to discover the ideas for attaining accurate results and mere policies for smoothing the study of related topic. (Alan Bryman Emma Bell, 2003)

Descriptive Research:

Descriptive research studies the characteristic feature of particular research which is undertaken by the researcher. This relates to prediction of certain facts. Descriptive research is widely used when the research topic is relevant to social aspects. This research helps the research person to define clearly the adequate methods necessary for obtaining information. It also protects the study against bias and minimizes the factors involved during the study period.

The first process involved in descriptive study is the collection of relevant data related to the study. Next is the selection of question method through examining the records and analysis and classifying by using appropriate tools. The last step is to predict the findings and suggestions about the study. (Nandagopa R etal, 2007)

Source: R. Nandagopa K. Arul Rajan. N. Vivek, (2007), Research Methods in Business, Excel Books, New Delhi, India, edition:12th pg.342.

3.4. Data Collection:

Research includes the process of collecting data through various sources. The data collection method is based on the problem of the study. The researcher should decide which data collection method must important for this study and which sort of method is going to use for the study. The data collection may be of two types they are primary data collection and secondary data collection method

Figure 1.1

Can studied through Determine

Source: Uma Sekaran (2007), Research Methods for Business, Wiley India edition:2, pg.87

A survey refers to the process of seeking information from the respondents who are concerned to the definite area i.e., city, state, and district. On the other hand experiment involves the investigation of relevant factor in which is causes and affects are measured. The experiments are conducted internally and there by the results are obtained for particular surveys.

Primary Data:

Primary data is the original way of collecting the information which is done for the first time. The Primary data collection method is considered as a fresh data to collect effective information for an analysis. Primary data is an actual source of data collected by the researcher. He/she collects the information whenever it is required for the study. Thus, primary data is directly gathered from appropriate sources. (Nandagopa R etal, 2007)

Secondary Data:

Secondary data is a process in which is collected already by various others persons. In this method the data obtained had already processes through various statistical policies. Secondary data collection tends to consider the research process. It enables the research person to verify and find out solutions for the research during the particular period of time. (Nandagopa R etal, 2007)

Table 1.1 Difference between primary data collection method and secondary data collection method.

S.No	Primary data collection Method	Secondary data collection Method
1.	Ø Observation of stakeholder’s works and activities Ø Conducting personal Interview Ø Designing questionnaire for collecting data from medical representative of AstraZeneca	Ø Various publications of foreign governments or international bodies and their subsidiary organization. Ø Various publications and magazines of AstraZeneca. Ø Technical and Trade journals. Ø Text books, magazines, journals and newspapers. Ø Reports and publication of various associations connected with various business, industries, banks, stock exchanges etc. Ø Reports prepared by universities, scholars, economist etc. Ø The other sources of published information such as public records and statistical, historical documentation etc.

Source: R. Nandagopa K. Arul Rajan. N. Vivek, (2007), Research Methods in Business, Excel Books, New Delhi, India, edition:12th pg.342.

3.5. Interview Method:

This review deals with the depth interview method. There are several methods are underlying into the Data collection method such as focus interview method, projective method, depth interview etc. But this study undergoes depth interview method to collecting the relevant data from medical representative of AstraZeneca. The qualitative approaches are used for this study. The collected data are depended upon the respondent’s opinion, attitudes etc.(Nandagopa R etal, 2007)

Depth interview Method:

This study is using depth interview method to make the research effective. The depth interviews are designed to discover underlying motives and desires are often used in motivational research. These types of research has explores needs, wants, desires and feelings of respondents. In this depth interview, the interviewer must know the related knowledge about the study to ask the question effectively (Nandagopa R etal, 2007)

This review reveals qualitative approach to makes the data more efficient. This approach considered

3.6. Sampling:

The empirical study is deals with the first – hand information or data pertaining to the units of study from the field. The research of sampling is collected in the fresh data and using the sampling method to easy analysis of study. The aggregate of all units pertaining data is considered as a universe or census survey. Mostly the research has used sampling data because of easy analysis in the field of study. (Murthy. S.N etal, 2008)

The aim of the sampling technique is considered effective inference of the study. A specified value of the population, such as average of variance is named as parameter; the correspondence of sampling value is named as statistic. The sampling technique is aim to test the hypothesis of population and analysis the accurate result for the problem of the study. The sampling method has considered two types Probability sampling technique and Non – Probability sampling technique.(Murthy. S.N etal, 2008)

Table Sampling method:

S. No.	Probability Sampling	Non-Probability Sampling
A. B.	Simple design: Ø Simple random sampling method Ø Stratified random sampling method Ø Systematic random sampling method Complex design: Ø Cluster and area sampling method Ø Multi-stage sampling method Ø Sub-sampling method Ø Probability proportional to size sampling method. Ø Multiphase and double sampling method. Ø Replicated sampling technique.	Ø Convenience sampling method Ø Judgement sampling technique Ø Quota sampling technique Ø Snow-ball sampling technique

Source: Cochran, William G., (2007) “Sampling Technique”, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Pg.58.

This study is based on the convenience sampling method. In the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical Company have various stakeholder and they are have a number of business dealing with the other industries. So it is difficult to consider to obtaining the data from all stakeholder of the company. So the study is going to do a convenience sampling method for providing the effective result of the research problem.

The data has been collected through depth interview method from Medical representative of AstraZeneca. In this study we can consider only one medical representative’s opinion and attitude for the data analysis.

The convenience sampling is considered, “When the population elements are selected for inclusion in the sample based on the ease of access”. This sampling method is derived from the non – probability sampling technique is for very easy to collecting the relevant data from the stakeholder of the company. So the convenience sampling method is using for thesis to interpret the analysis and find out the accurate result of the research problem.(Alan Bryman etal, 2003)

Source: Cochran, William G., (2007) “Sampling Technique”, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Pg.58.

Kish, Leslie, (2002), “survey sampling”, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pg. 132

3.8. Research Limitation:

This review contains some limitation to undergo this study effectively. The time constraint is the main limitation of this research and also it takes only minimum sample size to analyze the project.

3.9. Conclusion:

This research is adopted the descriptive and exploratory research design to know the effective study. The review has designed on the basis of research methodology especially the questionnaire, sampling method, Hypothesis test and statistical tools to provide the accurate result for this research problem. This research has adopted the positivism approach to ensure more researches to the study. The research has analyzed questionnaire collected from the stakeholder of AstraZeneca. It has analyzed by using the tools of percentage analysis method and chi-square. The research methodology is a important one to research and to know entire thing and provide a effective result to the problems.

CHAPTER – IV

DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction:

This chapter deals with the analysis conducted for the study. It says about the CSR practices of AstraZeneca among various health care industries. It provides information about methods of collecting data through face to face interviews as per the questions given in Chapter 7. These analyses facilitate the researcher to evaluate the current result with the prior investigation research. Data analysis is conducted by producing model descriptions about the study before entering into the data analysis part.

AstraZeneca, the leading pharmaceutical company has a wide extension of CSR activities. The company concentrates on the effective customer services and development of stakeholders. Through this analysis it is revealed that CSR policies are implemented through different ways such as training and development to staffs, education, charitable donations, sponsorships, and arranging courses for health and language for young scientists.

This study consists of interaction with the medical representative who shares his views and opinions of his experience in the pharmaceutical field. The analysis involves various CSR programs introduced by the organization for their staff, services to the customers, manufacture of medicines, marketing and sale of products, global development of the organization and efficient CSR practices of AstraZeneca.

4.2 Aim and Objectives of Research:

Objectives are considered to be the main foundation for any activities they are the end results of any directed aims. Brown and Moberg (2008) say that an objective assists helps to identify inter-organizational relationships. They seek to increase the value of the concern.

What are the CSR practices followed by AstraZeneca to accomplish the goal of sustainable development in three areas such as Economical, Environmental and Social.

Objectives:

Ø This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in healthcare industries with special reference of AstraZeneca.

Ø To understand the CSR practices followed by stakeholder of the company.

Ø To know the pharmacy’s policies and practices evolving to adapt variable economic, social and environmental circumstances.

These are the problems are undergone by the thesis to make an effective research, analysis and interpret it to provide an efficient and accurate result to these problems.

4.3. Data Collection Method:

The relevant data is collected through interview method. The Depth interview method is used for the study to obtain valuable and accurate from the particular respondent. This study has undergo the depth interview, data collected from medical representative of AstraZeneca.

Dependent Variation in Interview Talk:

The data is collected from the interview method. It is based upon interviewer questions and interviewee views & their opinions. The whole analysis is depended upon the qualitative approach. This approach is consisting on the subjective of respondent attitudes and behavior.

Company and CSR activities:

Extract: 1

X: Can you provide a brief overview on the company’s CSR background?

Y: Well, I think the AstraZeneca Company is started in the year 1999 and this AstraZeneca is the third largest Pharmaceutical Company which provides more innovative medicines to increase the quality of patient’s life and their health. Not only they are concentrated to their R & D for innovation of more medicines and also they provide good infrastructure, culture for their stakeholder. And also they improve their CSR practices and global responsibility to its stakeholder and their shareholder’s wealth.

X: History and Beginning:

Y: AstraZeneca has formed in 1999, because of the merging of two companies of Astra AB of Sweden and Zeneca group of PLC of the U.K. The Company’s headquarter are in London U.K. There are 9 Research and development centre and the manufacturing company are facilitated around 19 different countries. Their medicinal business is about pain control, central nervous, cardiovascular etc. AstraZeneca pharmacy focused especially in agriculture & bio-chemicals fields, healthcare services etc. From the beginning of the company they are focusing of shareholder and also they are taking care of stakeholder’s health. I hope this is a history and beginning of the AstraZeneca pharmacy company.

X: Performance over the years:

Y: When I had join in the year 2001 as a medical representative moreover their objectives are health, safety and well being to their staffs, employees and other stakeholder. Thus, it induced me to join this line of work and I have been achieved in many ways. Their goal is to reduce accidents for an environmental impact and the company’s SHE (Safety health and environment) performance has recognized from the global report.

Interpretation:

In this Extract of first option the respondent has specify that the AstraZeneca provide more importance to the CSR activities into their business. Thus the review of literature is also explained the company’s continuation of medicines to patient’s health and quality of life. Here the respondents are mentioned that the company has followed their CSR activities from the beginning and these activities are continued. In the second topic the respondent indicated about the History and beginning of the AstraZeneca and its CSR practices. He denotes that AstraZeneca has more CSR practices at the beginning and it continued their process from the way of new innovative medicines with exclusive research and development progress. And also they concentrated their stakeholder facilities. From the analysis of third topic the respondent denote that performance over the years. Here he able to explain only from the 2001 that is his joining date he can know the performance of review. He explains about the SHE performance about the AstraZeneca and he mentioned the facility that provide for their stakeholder. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 2

X

:

Describe the inception and progress of CSR initiatives in your company.

Initial stage of when the initiatives where introduced:

Y: Well, I think the primary system of CSR policies was introduced following the formation of AstraZeneca during April 1999. This was done by taking 2000 as foot line. For this purpose a report containing the policies and procedures of CSR measures was prepared which covers service related points and it was endorsed by the board of AstraZeneca during March 2002. This statement covers the steps that the company has brought into in relation with healthcare.

X: Progress over the years?

Y: In my knowledge, the AstraZeneca provides a different range of medicines which helps the patients to over come their disease. At present AstraZeneca sells its products in about 100 countries, produce medicines in 20 countries and also have 5 centers for research of medicines. The new strategies introduced help in engaging more number of patients and supplies and widen the service.

X: Major miles Stones and achievements?

Y: In my real time the AstraZeneca is valued for its participation in development of science and education. It has provided sponsorships and donation for the societal benefit. For about 85% of programs of the company focuses mainly of the community development.

Interpretation:

From the Second Extract the respondent reveals his opinion about initial stage of when the initiatives where introduced in the AstraZeneca. He explores the year and foot line to brought out healthcare practices into the company. In the second extract, the heading of progress over the year, he comprises the demographic area of selling process and he states, 5 research centers to engage new strategies. At last he states about the major miles stones and achievement into the AstraZeneca. Especially he pointed out 85% of company’s programs are focusing into the community development. (interviewee 1)

Implementation of CSR:

Extract: 3

X: What are the major factors which were considered while implementing CSR in your company?

External factors of Stakeholders and shareholders, customers, Society, Government regulation, Environmental concerns.

Y: I think the company admits that the activity of social and global development practices supports the stakeholders, shareholders and customers in the society. The company ensures that it is the foremost duty to protect the well being of every one who has contact with the organization. The company implements environmental progress schemes energy use and emissions of carbon.

X: Internal factors like management Employees work culture, corporate strategy.

Y: In this, the company undertakes many training and development policies for the employees to work efficiently and achieve the objectives. Even I also attend this type of program and I got the experience from that. The company ensures communications between the employees in order to share their positive and negative impacts in working. AstraZeneca conducts patient’s questionnaire to known the strength and weakness and adopt development measures according to the report.

Interpretation:

In this 3rd Extract it specify about the external factors of stakeholders and shareholders, customer society etc. In this he explains about social and global development practices and foremost well being and safety measures takes place into the organization. He also specified about re-use of energy and green house emissions. At last in the Internal factors like management employees work culture corporate strategy. For this he explains the many training and policies for the workers and he reviews negative and positive impacts of working condition in AstraZeneca. And also he estates the company undergo many feedback from the works to achieve its objectives. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 4

X: What are the major steps in which the environmental friendly CSR initiatives are carried out in your company? Various steps followed.

Y: Fine, The Company has ensured and developed more CSR activities from the beginning. It sponsored for many trust and they spend lot of money for education especially for a young people. The AstraZeneca made several steps like initiation of Awareness of world’s breast cancer, They involve to donating for minibus to traveling for every patients and have to reach in time, the company has also took the step to celebrate the children birthday and it carry out the environmental practices. They ensure several activities to undergo CSR practices to the nation. And also they developed health and safety measures to their community.

X: Process and procedure adopted

Y: In my point of view the AstraZeneca enroll many process of CSR activities like communities, for their employees, to the society like for young people to provide education, and also to the environment like charity donation etc. I may conclude that the company has undergone several process and procedure especially in CSR activities.

X: Steps taken to check and avoid deviations from standards.

Y: The Company has managed full shareholder and stakeholder activities and their wealth maximization. In this, the company has faced many political configurations and other company risks. Thus it became the deviation to the company’s CSR activities. And also the company initiates some awareness program about diseases and it take effective steps to regulate various sustainable activities like recycling process etc.

Interpretation:

In this 4th extract the He stated about the environment friendly CSR activities like education to the young people, charity donations, to make awareness about the breast cancer, transportation facilities to the society etc. In his second review he states about the procedures and process of AstraZeneca and they made more initiatives about health and safety to the local communities. In his 3rd review he explains the deviation for their stakeholder and shareholder wealth maximization and their company has taken effective measures to control such deviations. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 5

X: Among the various factors elaborated could you elaborate on the most critical factor which has to be focused to make implantation of CSR initiatives with respect to environment friendly operations?

Energy efficiency:

Y: AstraZeneca has a 19 manufacturing building to all over the world. Every manufacturing process needs the powers and energy supply. So the company has took some measures to reduce the energy level by the way of quality and effective machinery and I think it undergo some merging activity to the power supply company but I cant sure in this. Although, it taking some measures to avoid more power supply to the company.

X: Water efficiency

Y: As everybody know the water is very essential to manufacturing and research process. In the real factor this company related to bio – chemical factory so sure the water is needed to the manufacturing medicines. So it is difficult to avoid water into the company. There is many waters are undertook as a wastage one.

X: Waste efficiency

Y: The wastages are more in the medicinal manufacturing process. There are more chemicals and agricultural products are using in this research and medical field. So the water, chemicals, bio – field material are become wastages to the company, as you know earlier. In this situation the company has undertook to recycling process for all wastages in the manufacturing and research process.

X: Noise Efficiency:

Y: In early time the Noise pollution is producing when manufacturing medicines into the company, but at present the company has undergo the technological machineries and latest model machineries to decrease the noise pollution and it able to provide more effective best medicines to the society.

X: Proper accident prevention procedures and management

Y: The AstraZeneca’s main aim is to reduce accidents or no accidents are having been taken place into the organization. In my knowledge, there is more preventive strategies are undergo to their employees like Helmet, glows, fire preventive measures, there such emergencies places are available to their manufacturing industries.

Interpretation:

In the Extract 5 the respondent has explained about the power supply to the company for this many merging activities are done into the company to secure more energy and power supply to the organization. He explained about water efficiency in the second option. He denotes every chemical industry needs the water and he explains how far the company manages the water supply into their resources. From the third option he explains about the water supply in the resources. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 6

X: In what way has the implementation of CSR initiatives added value to your organization in achieving a competitive advantage?

To overcome competition:

Y: As I mentioned earlier, AstraZeneca medicines has tuned the attention of everyone in healthcare areas in the worldwide. The Organizations relationships with the community and positive focuses in promoting awareness of healthcare that brings understanding among young peoples helps to overcome with its competitors. Innovation of new medicines and various management standards increases CSR activities of the concern.

X: Ways in which it has added value to the corporate image:

Y: Here, AstraZeneca’s global responsibility has substantially increased the standards. Throughout the world the achievement is based on the discovery and findings of new ideas that has encouraged the active participation of stakeholders. This has augmented the values of corporate image.

X: Impact that the CSR drives have had on products, services and operations.

Y: As I mentioned earlier, CSR contemplate on providing good products for curing all types of diseases the products are sold in about 100 countries in the worldwide. The services are that they cater the needs of customer and operate efficiently for growth of organization.

Interpretation:

Through the 6th extraction the respondent explain about the CSR initiatives into the organization and he mentioned the positive focuses of healthcare, young people education and community benefits for to challenge the competitor. And also he explains the global responsibility and discovery and findings of new ideas and medicines through research to achieve their goals. And also he stated that impact of CSR drives on products, services and operations. (interviewee 1)

Lessons and Obstacles:

Extract: 7

X: What were the obstacles faced while implementing the various initiatives on environmental perspective of CSR?

Obstacles from management:

Y: In my experience I gained some knowledge from that I explaining you, in the management side it allocate certain amount annually for the implementation of CSR movements. So there exist financial risks in spending of resources.

X: From Shareholders

Y: The shareholder side may face less profit on the investment they make in the organization CSR policies and a practice involves integrating the values of the environment and development of individual well being in the societal aspects.

X: From Staff

Y: For effective CSR strategies staffs are considered to be important stakeholders they have to be organized and co-ordinate for doing their jobs. And lack of interest will lead to failure in CSR performances.

X: Costs versus benefit analysis

Y: In these CSR activities involves certain amount on progress. AstraZeneca contributes on the implementation of CSR measures. The benefit obtained will be the developed of company value and business ethics among the society.

Interpretation:

From the extract 7 he articulates that management side of the organization want to distribute definite amount for CSR activities this leads to face some financial difficulties and the staffs require coordination between them in doing their work efficiently. Astra Zeneca invests on the CSR policies and measures. This helps in the growth of company and increasing the reputation of the organization in the society. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 8

X: To what extent is the CSR perspective embedded in the corporate strategy?

Manufacturing:

Y: We ponder on the innovation of new medicines which is benefited to the society at a large; this will develop the corporate strategy of the organization.

X: Operations

Y: The medicines are prepared within the prospective operations the main concentration is on the quality of the medicines other than anything. The standards fixed for medicines are maintained on the manufacturing.

X: Recycling and Zero landfill marketing and selling of goods.

Y: We had provided separate facilities for recycling of wastes that are extracted while manufacturing the medicines carbon emissions are handled carefully without any extraction and prevention steps are taken for emissions. The marketing and selling of products are concentrated throughout the worldwide.

Interpretation:

Through the extract 8 he stated that the organization considers mainly on the discovery of medicines for improving the corporate strategy the operations of the medicines are within the standards. Effective steps are taken for the recycling of wastes that are obtained from the manufacture of medicines. The carbon emissions are extracted every now and then for protecting the environment. The marketing for products are done through advertisements and selling of products is done through advertisements and selling of products is concentrated through the world. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 9

X: How much percentage of profits annually is utilized to ensure the implementation of CSR initiatives and how is this been justified to stakeholders?

Percentage figures and Increased or decrease in contributions per annum

Y: In my opinion of this question is the CSR activities concentrate on providing information to employees in making good decisions and implementation the polices and procedures. Certain percentage is utilized for CSR activities about 16.4 % amount was spent in sponsorships charitable contribution consist of about 5.6% and about 85% of our concerns CSR activities concentrate on education and healthcare areas. The contribution to CSR helps in fulfilling the expectations of the community. We also give more attention to creative policies which enhances a long-term of improving health care industry.

Interpretation:

In the ninth extract the respondent stated about the percentage figures and Increasing CSR contribution per annum. He mentioned the percentages about 16.4% the CSR activities are utilized and 5.6% are contributed to the charitable donations. For 85% they concentrated on education and healthcare areas. So he stated wholly the company has increasing contribution towards CSR practices in to the company. (interviewee 1)

Extract: 10

X: What are the future CSR environmental friendly initiatives of the company?

Future plan of action and Target or goals willing to accomplish

Y: We concentrated on the community benefit through sponsorships, donations and various initiatives, which formulate an optimistic difference. Our concern enhances a good teamwork of employees possessing a clear understanding and efficient contact with customer. The management cares for us and trains them to develop their abilities in delivering their knowledge out their work. We also organize a safety; health focuses on safety of employees.

We are the employees of the organization contemplate on integrity and honesty in doing our work. We perform with diligence, care and truthfulness in the business. The company has endowing in education and young scientist. In AstraZeneca we arrange for affording education for young doctors which consists courses related to health measures and languages. We also conduct various scientific affairs for development of young scientists to acquire knowledge on health care field.

X: How it will be achieved

Y: In this, the target and goals are achieved when the goals are effectively concentrated by every stakeholder in the organization.

X: The support from management, employees and regulatory authority

Y: here the top management supports in organizing training and development programs, whereas the employees concentrate in fulfilling the concerns objectives, on the other hand the regulatory authorities provide with efficient policies and procedures for the success of organization.

Interpretation:

From this 10th Extract, the respondent has explained about the target and goals of future plan in CSR activities. He states that mostly the company has concentrated to community benefit and effective training and care to the employees. With this diligence he comprises about the total CSR activities of the company such as charity donations, employees team works, safety and protection of stakeholders and some awareness and other CSR activities. And also he stated that when the goals are achieved into the organization and how the management has support to relieve the obstacles and improve the CSR activities in upcoming years. (interviewee 1)

4.4. Data Analysis:

Data analysis part of the study points out the findings as per the question prepared for the interview for analysis process. The purpose of the investigation is mentioned in every chapter as objectives. The intend of this thesis is to explore the CSR activities implemented in healthcare industries for this AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company was selected to analyze and thereby reasonable benefit was gained, during the research.

The examination begins form the CSR practices of AstraZeneca and ends with the wide-ranging summary of the company the justification of the explanation is portrayed in the section 3 of the research methodology. The foremost part consists of the CSR activities in healthcare industries. The analysis commences with the wide range of area which involves CSR practices.

AstraZeneca has several objectives to improve their competitive growth to the nation. The pharmacy company has more CSR practices than the other company. It has more activities like education to the young people, trusts, to increased local community services etc. as mentioned earlier. The foremost objective of CSR activities in AstraZeneca is to understand the responsibility of stakeholder and the company wants to fulfill their needs and objectives of the stakeholder.

From the first Extract the respondent has stated about the importance of CSR activities into their business. He indicated about the new innovative medicines with the efficient research and development practices. he had joined as a medical representative in the year of 2001, from his experience he had stated about the CSR activities which are followed from the beginning and he had stated about SHE performance of AstraZeneca. This is the first question asked by the interviewer to the medical representative for the adequate data you can see first question in the chapter 7.

From the Second Extract the respondent reveals his opinion about initial stage of when the initiatives where introduced in the AstraZeneca. The respondents articulate that the foremost healthcare practices are formulated in the company which it has started from the beginning. In the second extract, the heading of progress over the year, states that the demographic area of selling process and he states 5 research centers to engage new strategies. In this extract at last he concluded about the major miles stones and achievement has facilitated into the AstraZeneca. And also he stated that there is 85% of company providing more importance to the community benefit, for more details to see 2nd extract.

In the Third extract the responded mentioned about the social and global environment development practices are supports the stakeholder, shareholder and customer in the society. AstraZeneca follows safety and well being measures to protect the employees and society. After he states the company has undergo many training and policies to achieve their ultimate objectives and goals. From this training the company has innovate many new medicines and it will give quality life to the patients.

The fourth extract explains the environmental friendly CSR initiatives are carried out the company. The respondent states that the company carried out many development programs like the company sponsor for many trust and young people education make awareness of World’s breast cancer, donating for minibus especially for patients, celebrating children’s birthday and also the company carried out safety and healthy measures for employees and communities. And he states to avoid deviation such as; the company manages shareholder and stakeholder activities and for this company must undergo certain policies and procedures. In this many politics were involved and it formulated such deviation has avoided by the company.

In the Extract 5 the respondent has explained about the power supply to the company for many acquisition and merging activities are done into the company for mainly to get energy and power supply to the organization. And also he explains about the water and waste efficiency and recycling process to enclose into the company, for the details to see the 5th Extract.

As we seen in the sixth extract he says about competitive advantage has increased from their CSR activities such as young people education, promote safety and healthy measures to the society and stakeholder, awareness schemes, sponsorships, charity donations, innovative medicines etc. And also he states discovery and findings of new ideas of stakeholder in healthcare sector which leads to value added to corporate image. From the best CSR practices of the company, the medicines are sold by 100 countries around the world.

In the seventh extract, the analysis is about obstacles that are faced by the company while implementing CSR practices. The obstacles from management is included financial risk by implementing CSR practices, they have allocate certain amount in annually. The shareholders are faces less profit because of more investment in CSR activities. Various CSR activities are assigned to the staffs. The work load may be happened to them because of more CSR activities taken place by the company. By implementing CSR activities many benefits and profits are made to the company, from good image and more sales of medicines etc.

Through the extract 8 he stated that the organization considers mainly on the discovery of medicines for improving the corporate strategy the operations of the medicines are within the standard. There are more effective steps are taken for the recycling process of wastes that are obtained from the manufacture of medicines. The carbon emissions are extracted every time to protecting the environment conditions. The marketing for products are done through advertisements and selling of products in international level.

From the extract of 9 the respondent stated the percentage figures. He pointed out that in each year CSR practices are increasing and he stated the percentage 16.4% of the CSR activities. As he mentioned earlier he stated the company has concentrated more on community benefit such as providing education and healthcare to the patients.

In the Extract 10, the respondent explained about the target and goals of future plan in CSR activities. And he stated that the company has given more important to community benefit and training and safety to the employees. At last he reveals about the management that they have took effective steps to remove the obstacles for upcoming years. With this diligence he comprises about the total CSR activities of the company such as charity donations, employees team works, safety and protection of stakeholders and some awareness and other CSR activities.

4.5. Conclusion:

The main endeavor of this part was to present the analysis of the interview and to compare the facts assembled in the review of literature. The research commences with observing various CSR measures adopted in healthcare industries and terminates with analyzing the data there in through findings in the questionnaire.

The information is all collected from the questionnaire and it analyzed the effective role of CSR practices of AstraZeneca. Although it indicates several services consider being CSR practices and it shows in many ways from collected data from face to face interview.

In this data analysis, the researcher explains that there is 85%, the company providing more benefits to the community and they promote young one education. Thus the AstraZeneca has practiced more CSR activities into the company. AstraZeneca has investing their money to charity donations, trusts, sponsorships, transportation etc to lift their CSR practices and from this the company can easily achieve its ultimate goal. The company has skillful and knowledgeable employees to make an innovative medicine to the world. The Company has also given some training to improve their stakeholder’s value.

As we seen in the data analysis part the AstraZeneca has plays a vital role in the CSR practices to effectively interact with the employees, partners, communities, societies, publics, customer and supplier. Hence the company has more CSR activities are formulated and it improved by 16.4% when compare to last year.

From the data analysis it is concluded that the organization focuses its main attention on the CSR activities rather than making profits. It also introduces various services for catering the customer needs. The CSR programs are organized for the growth of the concern and development of the business ethics. It thus increases the reputation of the organization.

CHAPTER – V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Introduction:

The data from the research methodology is widely used by the researcher for reference. The collected data is utilized for review of literature and making analysis in the data analysis part of dissertation. The results of the research are explained in the conclusion and recommendation part, the main objective of researcher is to analysis the CSR practices in the health care industries especially in Astra Zeneca Company. Through the research the objective of the study is revealed and results are obtained as conclusions and recommendation.

This chapter comprises about the aim and objectives of the study and it summarizes the key points of CSR practices are followed by AstraZeneca Pharmacy Company, which are given in the review of literature. It also explains about research study that has been used in this dissertation and the collected data has analyzed into a data analysis part. These are things were explained into the conclusion part. At last the researcher has provided some recommendations and his views about the performance of CSR practices in AstraZeneca Pharmacy Company and it also useful for future performance.

5.2. Aim and Objectives of Research:

Objectives are considered to be the main foundation for any activities they are the end results of any directed aims. Brown and Moberg (2008) say that an objective assists helps to identify inter-organizational relationships. They seek to increase the value of the concern. The knowledge of research study will inculcate the ability to evaluate and use research results with reasonable confidence. Through the research the researcher involved to gathers required information makes his analysis and thereby presents his solution for the study he/she undergoes for thesis.

What are the CSR practices followed by AstraZeneca to accomplish the goal of sustainable development in three areas such as Economical, Environmental and Social.

Objectives:

Ø This study aims to analyze the role of CSR in healthcare industries with special reference of AstraZeneca.

Ø To understand the CSR practices followed by stakeholder of the company.

Ø To know the pharmacy’s policies and practices evolving to adapt variable economic, social and environmental circumstances.

These are the problems are undergone by the thesis to make an effective research, analysis and interpret it to provide an efficient and accurate result to these problems.

5.3. General Overview And Conclusions:

As we observed in the review of literature, AstraZeneca formulated many CSR practices with the non-profit motive and it aims to develop many healthcare practices towards nations and their community. In this present era the healthcare is more important that any other thing. As a global view the AstraZeneca is a number one healthcare sector to follow CSR practices and other services to the people.

The current organizations make various efforts in order to influence the society and also for developing economy of the nation. Review of literature explains about the different practices of CRS policies followed in the health care industries. The research for CSR themes has been started since during the period of 1950’s. Now-a-days every organization started identifying the customer needs and aims to fulfill their obligations. So there exists an inter relationship between the concern and the society. Most of the CSR practices focuses mainly on the consumer related activities and betterment of the society at a large.

A CSR policy has been developed due to the changes in the organization behavior. It aims to balance the power of the concern with the corporate responsibility. It also concentrates mainly on the economic development of the country. Furthermore, pharmaceutical companies establish CSR practices for increasing the public relation and well being of society. According to IMS health report (Dec 2007) health is said to be the wellbeing of both physical and mental ability of the body. Thus a healthcare industry plays a vital role in manufacturing the medicines for curing various diseases of peoples in the society.

As we seen in the review of Literature the CSR practices are mostly useful for a business or a corporate is easily interact with the employees, customers, suppliers, partners, investors, communities, societies, etc. The CSR activity leads to develop a good relation to the public. The AstraZeneca is one of the leading pharmaceutical Company, which has delivered CSR practices effectively in the worldwide.

The country indeed has responsibility in taking care of the wealth of its people therefore establishment of pharmaceutical industries and improvement in scientific research and development is essential for healthy environment. AstraZeneca aims at developing the CSR practices of the organization through innovation of new medicines, customer relationships employee welfare, economic development of the country etc. The most important objective of every country is to give a good and healthy life to its people (Maignan 2002). So there should be improvement in the healthcare facilities for peoples in the country.

The literature review explains that, U.K exports about £12.1 billion of medicines during the year 2005. There exists a trade balance of £3.2 billion research and development should be improved first in order to increase the development of pharmaceutical industries. Since £3.2 billion has been utilized for the purpose of research and development. CSR policies should be in a manner that every stakeholder in the organization understands easily and enhances the ability in the performances. (Michael Hopkin 2002). The objective of social responsibility is to improve the standard of living of the people.

In AstraZeneca there is a wide range of CSR practices undertaken for the growth of the country and to enhance the social responsibility of the stakeholders. The dissertation involves the corporate governance and structural aspects of AstraZeneca in following the CSR policies in the organization. Thus, the CSR creates a good contact of consumers and the concern through catering the needs of the society. The CSR practice of AstraZeneca consists of various community investment programs such as sponsorships and charitable donations. The concern also provides medicinal assistance for treating many diseases, for this purposes the organization spends about £19 million per year. (Tom Mckillop – 2001).

In this study the review of literature has explained about the healthcare industries and pharmaceutical industry which has been increased from CSR practices with special reference of AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company. In this company the CSR practices are formulated more to increase their public relation and social activities. The CSR practices pharmaceutical company are included fulfill the stakeholder facilities, maximization of shareholder wealth, environment and economic practices and the growth of R & D and healthcare sector.

The researcher showed in the review of literature concerning healthcare industry and effective CSR practices of AstraZeneca. WHO (2002) defines the healthcare is complete state of mental physical and social well being and the absence of diseases will be considered as health. This stimulates the importance of health and every human being must take care of his health by encouraging Pharmaceutical Company and healthcare industry. Thus AstraZeneca has increases their CSR practices through, community benefits, growth of local communities, education for young peoples etc.

The study of review comprises about the ABPI (Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry) and it states pharmaceutical industries and the medicines of AstraZeneca were exported at various countries. It also mentioned AstraZeneca is a fourth largest pharmacy company at U.K, which has more manufacturing medicines at various countries and they employed around 73000 people from U.K. In the World Business council for sustainable Development (WBSCD in 2004) has explains CSR is a commitment for business development with non-profit motive for sustainable economic development. Hence AstraZeneca practice CSR activities from various sources and from various communities for sustainable economic development.

The CEO of AstraZeneca (Tom Mckillop – 2001) has explain the CSR practices which involves in the company were charity donations, healthcare growth of local communities, trusts, sponsorships, education to young ones etc. to these initiatives are recorded in the company and this has shows more CSR practices are formulated in this AstraZeneca pharmacy company.

In the data analysis part, the researcher concluded, that the various CSR initiatives are carried out by the company to easily interact with the stakeholder, shareholder, communities and the societies. Such CSR initiatives of AstraZeneca are Charity donations, trusts, various sponsorships, young people cancer, contributing for minibus especially for patients, celebrating children’s birthday and safety and welfare measures for employees and publics. From these type of CSR activities many deviations and obstacles are taken place by government and politicians. Even though, still the company has manage such deviations and obstacles from practicing effective CSR activities into the company.

The review summarizes of the research is explained by the researcher in chapter three which consists of methodology of research. The information about the study is obtained through research. It is one of the ways of gaining knowledge. The qualitative approach is used to analyze the entire data. The primary data is collected through interview and the type of interview is depth interview. The depth interview is used for analysis and it provides best result to find out the solution for problems. The data has collected from the Medical representative of AstraZeneca through interview method. The representative’s suggestions and opinions are taken into consideration for the analysis. This makes the study more effective. Sampling is effective inference of the dissertation. It is used to obtain the appropriate result of the study.

From the observation of data analysis the researcher has provide various results through collecting data from medical representative of AstraZeneca. Data analysis part aim to obtaining the results of surveys, questionnaires and findings of the study. In the first analysis of data analysis chapter is how far the CSR practices are more important into their business and they increased CSR performance through SHE (Safety, Health, and Environment) concepts. The analysis states that AstraZeneca gives more importance to CSR practices than any other activities in the organization. The performance of the company is attributed towards health of the patient and life of the people. The analysis also reviews for about 85% of the programs of company focuses on CSR and development of community.

In the analysis part AstraZeneca takes more initiatives on the health and safety of the community to the most extent. The company also aims at the education of the young people. It helps in discovery of new ideas and medicines and thereby attains the objectives, of achieving CSR practices. The result of data analysis the practices and policies of CSR will be successful only when it is done through proper co ordination of the staffs in the organization. Proper motivation of employees helps in increasing the efficiency of the work. This might be useful to attract more customers towards the organization.

In the fifth extract the data analysis the medical representative indicates efficiency of water and power supply is more essential to the pharmacy company. In the sixth extract, the analysis explains AstraZeneca develops their CSR initiatives from the positive focus of healthcare, other benefits like education to young ones, growth of local communities etc to challenging competitor in a global market. AstraZeneca has taken necessary recycling process for the waste obtained through manufacture of medicines. AstraZeneca contributes to CSR is about 16.4% per annum and 5.6% is utilized for Charitable donations. The company mostly concentrates on the efficient training and care for employees. The management also supports for achieving the goals and objectives of CSR.

From the eighth extract it indicates the AstraZeneca undergoes more effective steps on recycling process like waste products and make re-usable products. In the ninth extract it figured percentage as CSR activities and their contributions. There is 16% of CSR activities are utilized and 5.6% of charitable donations are followed by AstraZeneca. Moreover the analysis indicates 85% they concentrate in educational trust for young ones. Finally the data analysis has reviewed about future plan of CSR activities and the company concentrated mostly in community benefits, stakeholder benefits, sustainable development in economic development etc. Thus the company has concentrated more in CSR activities and also they continue to improving CSR activities in upcoming years.

Hence the researcher’s aims and objectives are effective role of CSR practices in AstraZeneca and the company makes best CSR practices to improve the stakeholder wealth. It also improves economic, social and environment circumstances.

In this study all findings and analysis shows that the AstraZeneca has developed Internal and External factors of CSR practices into the company. The company followed several CSR activities to maintain good public relations and to reach customer and patients delighters. The corporate used many strategies for employee’s satisfaction and their shareholder’s wealth maximization. AstraZeneca obtain many feedbacks from workers and patients to reach its goals and objectives. There are 85% the company has focusing community benefits and CSR practices, because the company believes, the CSR activities makes more public relation and protect global environment and public health effectively.

Thus AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company achieves its aims and objectives by practicing more CSR activities in internal and external factors into the organization. The company provides many benefits to their stakeholder and societies. AstraZeneca focuses especially on people’s health and they considered new way to provide new innovation of medicines that brings quality of patient’s life and improve global healthcare.

5.4. Recommendations:

Every organization has its own aims and objectives to be achieved in their course of business. But there are some risks and negatives that minimize the concerns value and ethics of business. AstraZeneca Pharmacy Company is a leading and best company for healthcare and CSR practices. Many organizations are also practices CSR activities but still it has not developed in some aspects.

As per extract one AstraZeneca has given more concentration on CSR activities which involves the development of business. There should be giving more importance to consumer welfare and quality services. AstraZeneca Company has mostly recommended and followed only a SHE performance. The company must improve sustainable development in economic and environmental factors rather than SHE performance.

The contribution of amount towards CSR activities is about 16.4% per annum, still more percentage of amount can be spent every year towards CSR policies. About 85% of the programs are organized for CSR activities. This can be separated and concentration should be given to other people and patients by providing transportation and other benefits rather than the young people education and research and development.

In the data analysis it states the AstraZeneca has invested more in research and development for new product development. It must reduce investment more in research and development and it should invest in production and marketing line to improve the promotion of medicines. From the availability of medicines and they consider outside people of diseases, according to the investment made in R & D process and these things are improve in upcoming years.

The impact of CSR is mainly on the products, services and operation beyond this CSR should concentrate on the society welfare at a large. Besides, the concern should extent the CSR goals and objectives to wide range of people and economic development of country.

The company can improve the protection measures which involves in the emission of carbon and recycling of wastes. Stills more models of advertisements can be designed for improving sales and creating awareness in the society about the medicines.

AstraZeneca considered only key benefits of Safety, Health and Environment as a SHE concept. The company is also concentrate in promote their medicines who are actually affected by the diseases. It helps to increase company’s objectives i.e., to promote health and quality of patient’s life.

From the review of literature, the researcher explains a CSR measure that takes place by the company to the employer, customer, stakeholder and the communities. These CSR measures are formulated to lift corporate image and to achieve ultimate goals. Accordingly the management should take effective steps to enroll efficient CSR activities into the company.

AstraZeneca must develop quality medicines without using chemicals and it should used green leaves and fresh things for the medicines. The medicine needs good quality and without side affects it must increase the quality effectiveness in the medicines.

Every CSR activities of the company taken place by the management with the help of employees which leads to Company should interact easily with employees, partners, shareholders, investors, customer, supplier, government, public etc. The management of company should keep these things, into their mind and they should take effective CSR measures and steps for the future period.

The company has increase continuous innovation in their new medicines; in this they must ensure that it has meet patient’s needs and their healthy life. The new innovation must be useful for future generation also. For this, the company must take survey about diseases and they must keep good relations with the patients as well as public relations. So that they can easily identify the affected person and they will innovate new medicines according to the affected diseases and patients. Hence the company has followed many Corporate Social Responsibilities practices to achieve ultimate goals and objectives. Even though the CSR practices is must be used to keep good relations with publics and societies.

As seen in the review of literature, from the extract six, the respondent mentioned that the company has increased Safety, Health and other benefits to meet the challenges and competitiveness. In this the company is also contrite in new medicines promotion and medicines awareness to the society. In the society many people and patients are not able to know the new medicines and its awareness. They must educate the people about the medicines and it usefulness. This is also one of the CSR activities which help to promote company’s goals and objectives.

As mentioned in the Data analysis, the company and their management have take decision regarding CSR activities and it should follow and implemented by the employees. The decision regarding CSR practices must be is also considered employees feed back and their decisions. All employees’ decisions must be considered by the management while taking any decision regarding CSR practices into the organization. The company must follow MBO (Management by Objectives) while taking any decision or implementing the decision into the organizations.

As we considered in data analysis part, the AstraZeneca has focusing only the safety measures and well being to the employees, they should concentrate in their training and it should improve the knowledge and skills regarding to their jobs. The company must considered skillful employees to do the work perfectly. So it must take some effective training process for the employee to increase their talent, knowledge, and skills.

The company has promoted many CSR activities like charity donations and young ones educations. Hence the company must utilize all these services and CSR practices to promote their values. The company must recruits and utilizes the young people who are getting good education and the company should utilize their skills and knowledge to their new innovative medicines and give good results to the society.

Hence the AstraZeneca pharmaceutical company has practices enormous CSR activities to achieve their common goal. The company undertakes many activities regarding charity donations, sponsorships, young one education, trusts etc. Even though the company must follow certain policies and procedures to undertakes these CSR activities effectively. Thus the company has followed these recommendations; it can sustain and achieve their ultimate goals and objectives for upcoming years.