1.0 INTRODUCTION
To improve reading skills among children an introduction to the open and closed syllables are very important in improving their reading skills. Difficulty some teachers to teach reading is because they lack investigate the ability of the student in the language. Basic knowledge is important to establish the principle of reading Malay Language. Basic level readings should be emphasized by teachers is to recognize letters as well as the introduction of open and closed syllables.
I will conduct this study by using the card and display the penultimate syllable reading drills and combining with the method of learning through play to improve the reading skills of children.
We do know children very synonymous with activity. Playing is a natural activity and is a requirement for every child. They learn explore through play because their imagination (Marrison, 2000 & Spodek, 1973) and since the baby again they already tends to manipulate their own limbs. (Piaget, 1962). Play is a right which should be given to children. Parents and teachers is a society that must play an important role in order to help pupils to get those rights. Therefore, in carrying out its teaching and learning activities at the preschool class play activities cannot be ignored to give satisfaction to children.
Through this activity, children can explore and experience the best of themselves to improve their skills. Children using sensory motor and other senses to explore and understand their world (Jean Piaget, 1954).
Play in general can be defined as any activity that gives joy and satisfaction to children without considering what the result of such activity. In other words, children play not because of wanting to be something or achieve a particular purpose.
This game will also give experience of justice, regulations and the equality and strengthen the ability to think in a variety of ways. Between the common games played in the classroom as a valid photo ID cards, puzzles, crossword was etc. It is a channel to enhance skills read obviously fun and joy to children
Reading is one of the important aspects that are in the Syllabus Malay Language at primary school. Reading under the skills that include listening, speaking and writing. In language skills in school, emphasis on specific skill set by the Ministry of Education (MOE) towards producing students who are competent in speaking (Yusof Abu Bakar Abdullah, Hisham Mohd Yusof, & Omar Mohamad, 2007). As well as reading skills should be mastered by every student to launch the process of teaching and learning. This is because reading is a complex process which involves the process of communication between readers with the author through the writing read (PPK, 2001; 14). Reading allows students to understand the things that read.
The process of reading as a process for meaningful interpretation of achieve about the symbol of printed or written, (Haris and Sipay, 1980), where this resource is derived from the book written by Marohnini yusof in his book entitled, \’ Teaching Strategies in Reading Comprehension.’
It is recognized today, the ability of pupils to read to grow little by little after through some level of development of reading. The ability of students to read need se. It is recognized today, the ability of students to read to grow little by little after through some level of development of reading. The ability of students to read requires every student rule some reading. According to the Hyphenation 3rd Edition defines as their expertise and efficiency that is headed by someone in a thing. Reading is an activity someone either learned, was introduced, reference, get the hang of, reviewing, memorise, learn, review, fortune-telling, conclude, tracing, seeing and observing. It is also a method of sounding letters written and see and understand anything written.
Failure reading skills students could not read properly and smoothly even them won\’t be able to answer the question to be submitted (Connie Abd Hamid, 2005). Consequently, efforts to encourage reading is important in raising the standard of education in the country. From time to time, the Ministry of education organized a reading incentive program as follows:
- Reading encouragement programme “Children with Reading” (1979 – 1985) in conjunction with The International Children’s Year of 1979;
- Reading Movement Campaign (1988 – 1992) in conjunction with the Declaration ; of the year Read 1988 by the Prime Minister;
- Built the mind Programme (1993 – 1997);
- Knowledge Pulse Program; The Practice of Reading or PATCHOULI (1998 – present).
The purpose of reading Incentive Program was held to encourage pupils so that many read, encourage schools to generate creative and innovative ideas for inculcating the habit of reading among pupils, to produce students who are able to master the skill of reading, creative thinking skills and critical and information skills and provides pupils who have the habit of love to read and love for a lifetime of knowledge. .
1.1 Background Research
The key to getting knowledge of reading and writing. To children, the ability to read and write since the age of three years is an advantage to yourself and family pride. Reading are closely related to the ability to speak. Generally, children who can read smoothly will love in books and thereby making reading as a hobby interest.
All schools in Malaysia, irrespective of whether the national school or Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan need to teach English to all students. English is the subjects that need to be learned in all schools. In this regard, the main basis in upholding Malay is to require teaching English starting from primary schools which provide exposure to students with simple words and easy to understand appropriate to the age and the level of their ability. As a preschool teacher who also teaches Bahasa Melayu, the researchers decided to conduct a study on the level of student proficiency in reading by using a display card for drills syllable to integrate methods of playing in this study.
The learning process occurs where there is interaction with the environment involves the elements of aphrodisiac and direct experience (Piaget, 1964). Aphrodisiac and direct experience includes objects, events, conduct behaviour, characteristics, properties etc. An experience or training will result in a permanent change in behavior or abilities of an individual. The failure to master any skills will stunt the construction concept.
Play is a teaching technique that provides an opportunity for students to pretend activities under controlled circumstances. Techniques or methods of learning through play is carried out spontaneously leading to learning. Play is a creative self expression and its development most clearly at childhood. Children will find the knowledge of the game.
It is hoped that lessons using the phonemes photo with menggabungjalinkan elements play while learn can help overcome the students who cannot master the skills of reading. This method of learning Through Play will be able to raise interest and enjoyment to students to learn because the instinct of the child cannot be from play.
How do teachers preschool play helps students use the basic skills to learn to read. What is the most effective teaching approach in teaching and learning basic reading? Does the use of the card the phonemes could upgrade their skills read photo compared to the traditional methods that often used in the classes more influence preschool students understanding of the process of learning to read.
According to Meyers and Paris (1980) understanding of pupils towards reading skills and purpose are influencing the concepts and how to learn to read and this will affect the ability to read them to other subjects instead.
Is found, the children were still able to recognize letters and can membatangkan the phonemes but they fail to sound the phonemes that have been spelling. I have tried using traditional methods in teaching and learning in the classroom but found to be less effective. They looked bored with the method used. Found more potential students to illustrations or photos.
The level of mastery of their skills in spelling and reading is very weak. This will result in them do not know what there is in quotes and thus unable to enjoy the pleasures of reading and trying to understand the story. Therefore they could not undergo activities as their peers, this will give rise to feeling bored and so unable to complete training that has been given. Hence the focus of my research is to improve the reading skills of preschool students through the use of phonemes photo through play.
Tasks to improve reading skills among children is a challenging yugas due the child different capabilities. The stage of early childhood, the pengajaaran, learning to read is a process that is difficult to be implemented and controlled, is a challenging task.
1.2 Review issues
Reading is one thing that is important in their daily lives. If we cannot read, then contact terputuslah us with the outside world. So is the importance of reading to school children. As early as preschool learning sessions they have applied with three skills (reading, writing and counting).
Therefore, the problem of reading should be addressed right away. One method that can inspire reading, is with the use of phonemes card photo through the play and teach these drills read card verses short easy to understand with the hope it attracts students to reading. This method actually is not a new method
1.3 Selection Criteria The Review Focus
Situations induce a person to conduct research. However, the beginning of a research action is not necessarily attributable to such situations, if a researcher wishes to try a new pedagogical method can also be implemented through action research (Chow Fook Meng & Jaizah Mahamud, 2011).
1.3.1 Leadership
Leadership is the smooth administration of a test which includes factor cost, time and energy. In selecting the focus of the study, these criteria means researchers should consider the third – the above three factors, namely the cost, time and energy. Subject of studies chosen to carry out this study consisted of preschool pupils.
Materials used are also not high-cost. Therefore, there is no problem either in terms of cost, time and energy to administer the survey. Costs required in carrying out the study was not so much. In addition, time and energy used is during the pdp.
1.3.2 Importance
Factors of interest in aspects of the selection of the focus of the study also considered which refers to itself. Reading skills in English is very important before students can master writing skills. The mastery of the skills mentioned important syllables before they read the next sentence can spell and write in Bahasa Malaysia. In addition, this method is also seen as a method to help maintain focus and interest of students towards teaching and learning sessions.
1.3.3 Usability
In this study, I use the methods learned through playing cards photo phonemes as strategies to help students read syllables. In addition, this activity is also carried out in a variety of activities to attract more. Materials used are also low-cost, simple as well as facilitate students. Steps of implementation of this method is also easily understood and applied as appropriate students. Use this easy method of power point upgrade to the needs of preschool students who need various methods to follow the lessons taught by the teacher.
Techniques used in the study are using the phonemes photo. Researchers use varied activities during the process of how to and teaching. Therefore, before teaching, researchers give the instructions clear and simple so that the students easily understand and act as stated at the outset. The control class is important for carrying out activities that give effective impact to students.
1.3.5 Collaboration
Collaboration mean work between several parties. The administrator very cooperate in ensuring the success of this study. While the process of finding information, teachers in schools provide cooperation with good. They also provide guidance and encouragement in completing this task. Furthermore, assistance from pupils and parents in facilitating the study. They are very help me in obtaining information required. Through the information and suggestions provided by them to some extent helped in the completion of this study. The information provided by them so useful for this study.
1.3.6 Relevance
Use of the card the phonemes pictorial in preschool teaching and learning is so effective and relevant for improving skills reading syllables. The pupils more easily recognize and pronounce syllables with the method used. In addition, with the application of interesting activities used very appropriate and in line with the nature of children who like to play.
This study is very relevant to the school because of academic nature. In addition, to help pupils improve reading skills syllables in English. When students master the skills of spelling the syllables, researchers can teach skills reading easily at the next level later.
1.4 Research Question
The main questions of this study are as follows:
1. Will the usage of pictorial syllable cards in breaking down the words in syllables based on pictures be able to help student read words kv + kv and also kvk?
2. Will the approach of breaking down the words into syllables based on pictures be able to help pupils read sentences easily?
3. Will the usage of pictorial syllable cards and the method of learning through play be able to help enhance the mastery of pupils reading skills?
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of this study are as follows:
General objective:
i. To conduct an action plan to overcome problems in reading.
Main objective:
i. To enhance the reading skills of preschool pupils using pictorial syllable cards.
ii. To identify the effectiveness of using pictorial syllable cards in enhancing the mastery of fluent reading skills.
1.6 Research Hypotesis
a. . Location Research
Location is only implemented in a national school in Sungai Pelek zone in the District of Sepang only at Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Pelek, Sepang.
b. Research Samples
The samples comprise only 4 people preschool children aged 5 and 6 years of age. They consist of 2 girls and 2 pupil’s men. Sample does not involve pupils in the school flows Prime.
c. . The focus of the study
The focus of the study is limited to reading skills among the preschoolers
.d. Time Research
The time of Study will be conducted within 2 months (8 weeks) of the selected sample.
1.7 Signifacation of Research
The importance of this study is to identify the use of the card for pupil’s preschool photo phonemes which in turn could solve the problem of reading skills among pre-school children. In addition, it is hoped that with studies conducted can help teacher’s preschool, Bahasa Melayu Year 1 and rehabilitation to identify the causes of the failure of some student reing skills among students.
This study can also be used by teachers to apply the use of the card the syllibus meanwhile adopted the approach of learning through play in the phonemes spelling based on images in the classroom. Pupils will also feel more fun as well as being able to attract students to follow the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the students who are having trouble in reading skills may be guidance for enhancing the skills of reading through this method.
1.8 Operational Definition
. During this study, some words and phrases are
1.8.1. Learn Through Play.
According to Mak Soon Sang (1992) in his book Teaching approaches and strategies play a teaching technique that provides an opportunity for students to do an activity in pretend in under control, teaching and learning in the classroom in accordance with belar as background through play. Activity play is children\’s work.
The game is a channel that can expand child development to a level that is optimal. Because the game is particular important strengths and experience form the basis of the educational model in your children.
According to the Handbook for teachers (Curriculum Development Centre), learn through play is a planned and structured approach to provide an opportunity for students to learn in a free and secure, and meaningful.
1.8.2. Teaching methods
According to Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff (1986) in his book “L.a. Education” the Government says that the method taught let towards readily available to Director of a subject that has been by popular property types in a systematic manner. Hasan Langgulung (1981) did say that this method actually means a way to achieve the purpose. So, what are the ways that teachers do to give understanding to students to achieve teaching business then it is method.
Abu Salleh (1988) say that the method is a teaching activity that contains structured steps and in every step of the itupula have the skills and training that are industrial property, but it is a wasilah that is one way to achieve business.
Based on the terms given by their means there is no one best method for all subjects for all students in all circumstances. The method should be changed according to the circumstances of the time, place and students. Thus, teachers must know how to choose a good method, which is appropriate in the circumstances of time, place and students.
1.8.3. Reading.
Quote from the website entitled reading skills (2008) reading intended as the process of obtaining meaningful interpretation on symbol-a symbol of print and writing. (Harris and Sipay, 1980) The process of reading also was described as the ability of one critic of visual form and connecting the shapes with sounds or meanings are known through experience and finally able to interpret its meaning. Reading different from the hearing because it involves both verbal and literacy activities in serenyak. When we read we will elaborate on the printed material to the speech and at the same time we will elaborate on the speech to the thought.
According to Kamarudin Hj Husin (1990) reading is a complex process. It requires a person to master a variety of sub skills related to the basics of reading, before reading skills one should dominate the verbal skills mention noises in a language.
1.8.4. Pre Test and Post Test
The test used to test the effectiveness of the methods of learning through play to solve the problem of reading skills among children.
1.9 Conceptual Frame work
1.10. Summary
The study is expected to provide a clear picture on the effective approach to enhance reading skills among children. This chapter also summarize that teaching teaching method could help improve the skills of playing reading among pre-school children. Through the game they were able to learn their indivdu roles. Children were found to have excessive energy and we find children always play either in the kindergarten. According to the theory of cathartic, it is believed children manage the game as a way of eliminating the sense of frustration and emotion as well as reducing tension. According to Piaget, the game plays the role of assimilation, which children can receive information that helps progress through the game. The findings showed that this later also expected to assist students and teachers in an effort to adopt a learning environment conducive and effective. ..
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
In this chapter to be touched is about theory and research that has been done previously commonly used or previous researchers. This chapter will explain the little relevant studies previous studies and writing about reading skills. Review of this literature is important to researchers because it can help provide new ideas before deeper discussion, thanks. This chapter also discusses some important matters relating to the study of language problems and methods of teaching Bahasa Melayu among students in preschool. Next will pan some research about factors that affect students\’ achievement in the process of understanding and production of words.
These children don\’t get support and help from parents to instil interest in reading among their children. This situation causes the child reading skills could not be better.
Meanwhile Ann Miles Gordon et.al (1995) in his article on the site States that a child\’s ability to read is determined by adults rather than depending on one\’s level of age of the child;
“The ability of children to write and read is not determined by age level. The willingness of kids to write and read (graphic Language) must be nourished by an adult “.
I want to show that reading is determined by us as adults and planned activities can improve their reading skills.
According to Marohaini Malaise (1989) (in Durkin, 1980) did say that without understanding what is read, a person shall not be deemed to be doing the reading process but do process mention the word only. To become effective readers, this doesn\’t have to be someone mention the word with and smoothly as long as he knows the meaning of the words read. Learn in a State of depressed and not humble and without an attractive activity, the process of learning will be under pressure and lost enjoyment. What happens, children learn because of fear and forced rather than because you want to learn. As a result, these children will be less motivation and spirit of racing. When they are not able to read and understand words, desire to read words in turn declined and died down. This situation would have the disadvantage of themselves.
2.1. Relevant Theory
Based on the article cited from web opponents titled “basic skills reading”, according to Mohd Amin (2002) excellences pupils in class much influenced by reading skills while learning the language. Through the same source, according to Bayrei Asrin, Yutui Gruber, we became Mohamed, Norhayati Mohammad and Siti Salbiah Shafie (2008), important reading skills to dominated by the pupils as a measure of continuity in the process of teaching and learning in the classroom and thus foster the interest of the students to read.
Based on the views and opinions of the heroes – heroes, scholars clearly state that reading is very important for an individual face life. Hence the importance of teaching reading then several approaches and methods reading skills for preschool children, then approach and the approach used is approach to Early Reading in line with guidelines set by the curriculum development centre of education (1979) in relation to the availability of early reading. Among the Approaches and methods of teaching reading in the early stages are:
i. Construction Approach
Includes methods that start with small elements namely method (letters to spell). Fonik method, method of syllables, letters, sounds and build words from syllables
ii. Cerinan Approach
There are three methods in pencerakinan that is, method, method of view Word and say it, a method of phrase and the sentence. This method starts with the word, phrase or sentence which is then treated to small units that the policy formation of large units.
iii. Approach to Program Basic English reading (PEBAS)
This approach to Curriculum Development Centre ileh custom-KPM in January 1980. This approach combining methods of view say, syllables, sounds and letters.
iv. Approach combined sound of the word.
This approach requires only a few vocal students recognize letter consonant and then the next syllables the word means reading.
With this, I plan to improve reading skills among children to get started with improve their skills and outdoor phonemes through the use of phonemes card photo. I plan to deal with this problem based on some theory as available from the book written by Yahya b. Osman entitled \’ Teaching Reading: Theory and Application Guide to upgrade the skills of reading “, he highlighted some of the theory of reading that can help readers understand the process mebaca. The theories are:
i) The theory of transfer of information – this theory put forward by La Berge and Samuel (1985) and Gough (1985). He is influenced by psychological kognitivisme. He noted reading is the process of transfer of information. They assume read as a process to recognize the letter-by-letter and Word by Word. This theory is aimed at shaping the opinion of reading activity increases the ability of readers to transfer information from the text.
ii) Verbal Efficiency Theory – Theory was introduced by Perfetti (1985:1988) pressing memba skills language skills – ca automatically with extended it beyond process to interpret the cards. In addition to the automatic features in mastery of reading, other aspects associated with it were anaphora resolution, make statements or suggestions in an integrated manner, the relevant activities of the memory and cognitive strategy used. Based on this theory, every reader has a distinctive profile for the purpose of mastering the efficiency of verbal
iii) Socio-Cultural theories of Vygotsky (1978) – important because learning language skills taught through mental and verbal communication. According to Vygorsky, the children showed a higher mental functions when interacting with adults who are more skilled and given full support.
Teaching and learning from the point of theory of Learning Acceptance Ausuble
iv) This theory pioneered by David Ausuble (1918-2008). According to Kamarudin (1997), this theory focuses on the mastery of information through meaningful language. An important aspect in this theory is the Advance Organizer who is teaching units used before teaching a new topic. Teachers not only apply it in teaching methods using information technology, even the teacher can give ideas to students to produce a mind map that beautiful and creative in their work. Thus, learning through information technology will be more interesting and meaningful. Ausuble also consider meaningful learning can occur through the use of material means. Ausuble is of the view that humans acquire knowledge is mostly in the form of reception learning known as Ekspositori Learning Model. This model emphasizes evidence of teacher learning materials in the form of facts organized and explained according to the order complete. Compilation of early (Advance organizer) is divided into several types, namely ekspositori which describes materials, constructive external comparative relevance with existing knowledge, according to the new information and new material performed narrative in the form of the story. This method can facilitate learning in terms of understanding, complete information and remembering back. Ausuble recommend to teachers to use learning reception (acceptance) and early in each teaching them.
2.2 Past research
2.2.1. The phonemes spelling Problem
Through a study carried out by a group of teachers in a school in the State of Johor in 2004 to pupils special recovery is found they can not spelling words with correct pronunciation phonemes according to open and closed kv kvk causing their extremely weak reading skills, … They also found less interested to read and can not read the word card that came with smooth and correct. Through this study found that children who are unable to master the skills of reading and outdoor phonemes are having trouble reading them.
2.2.2 The importance of Play for children.
Vygotsky (1967) explained that children can improve skills through play. Play can stimulate a child\’s mind to obtain high thinking processes:
“The Main development Language and thought. Brain structures are formed through the use of signs and tools. It also helps in the formation of this. Play also membei freedom to children to express pressure in the face of the real world. In this way children can control the situation and suit the real world. They are allowed to obtain high thinking processes through play”.
To enhance the skills of my students will use the method of playing cards using syllables during this recovery activities.
2.2.3. The importance of Reading Skills
Read and choose good reading materials, review of the creativities norms that embrace aesthetic norms, arts and Moral. This shows that the reading skills important to dominated by students as a step to survival according to Prof. Henry Thunder Hands (1994) in his titled “Reading as a concept and Status of Language”, to increase interest in reading then we need to set the time for the process of teaching and learning in the classroom and thus foster the interest of pupils to read. Extracts from the book to the Government “in the Malay language Curriculum teaching Methods Integrated primary school”, written by Marzhukhi Nyak Abdullah (1994), there is an event passes the two skills that can be carried out. First, the skill can be performed in the passes one subject. For example reading skills can be is consolidated in other skills such as speaking and writing. Second, passes all the skills can also be done between one subjects with one subject to another. For example, language skills can be digabungjalinkan with expertise in the art of music, physical education or other subjects.
Based on the study conducted by the Ministry of education, research and Planning Division (2001), found the study in 1999, there were more than 78,000 people primary school pupils had to follow special education for Malay and 59,000 people for mathematics. In 2000 more than 86.000 students pursuing special education Bahasa Melayu and more than 62,000 for mathematics. Based on finding this study still many among the students who haven\’t mastered reading skills.
2.2.4. The effectiveness of teaching and learning using teaching AIDS (ABM)
Quotes from one website titled “factors that influence Reading” in the use of teaching AIDS (ABM). According to Thomas & SWARTOUT (1963), only ABM that have high communication which can help students acquire a beneficial learning experience for developing the attitude of scientific and social attitudes, emotional strength and appeal of appreciation. ABM used involves the use of senses such as hearing, vision impaired students touch, taste and smell. With the involvement of all the senses, the students not only focused on teaching and learning teachers, but the students more easily understand and remember the lesson material assigned to it. The use of ABM involving the senses while teaching and learning will make teacher teaching more effective. ABM not only helps revive classes, but also diversify the development of cognitive and affective student. I think so are inquiring about Lester (1956), Bruner (1966), Wilkinson (1971), Charles (1972).
2.2.5. Aspects of teaching and learning
Experience is a system activities devoted to students with the purpose of bringing change in behavior among them (Ee, 1987). According to the third edition of Kamus Dewan (1997), learning activities or prose related to dissemination of knowledge or skill time. For Mak (1992) teaching is a process associated with the dissemination of knowledge or skills so that students can learn and master what you learn effectively. It covers matters such as planning, organization, presentation, guidance and evaluation with the purpose of spreading knowledge or skills to other individuals in a way that effectively.
MAK (1994) also noted that education has many methods and techniques of teaching recommended by teacher to deliver education, knowledge and understanding to the students. In the studies conducted by Asmah (1989) stated that teaching is a planned activity, made for students by bringing new changes to in themselves as well as change the beliefs and behaviour.
Through previous studies, found that the need for methods of learning in learning. The use of methods to learn and practice the right to increase the learning process. The success of a person is not solely determined by factors mental alertness but a good learning methods. (Hassan, 1994) says is dependent on the degree to which one\’s ability in effectiveness and appreciate the efforts made by someone to achieve success.
2.3 Summary
World Education is highly expecting the presence of high quality learning media to improve the quality of education. The media presence such as this does not mean the loss of the role of the teacher as a determinant of the way teaching and learning processes. However, the presence of the media learning effective can help improve the quality of teaching and learning.
Past research results also showed that effective method to increase reading skills among students who have problem in reading. The use of ABM is interesting as well as activities that can stimulate mind students will make this that pupils be positive. The role of adults is also important in playing their role to help the children improve their reading skills.
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