Essay: Toilet design

Different design can be used for different kind of toilets, for this matter we are looking into different designs for Urine ‘ Diversion Dehydration Toilets (UDD ‘ toilets) and Composting Toilets.
The difference between the UDD ‘ toilet and the composting toilet is that the UDD ‘ toilet focus on getting the liquid (i.e. urine and anal cleansing water) separate from the faeces to keep the processing chamber content dry and in composting toilets human faeces are deposited in a processing chamber along with organic household and garden refuse and bulking agents (GTZ 2008).
The UDD ‘ toilet has two different models; single ‘ vault UDD ‘ toilet and Double ‘ vault UDD ‘ toilets. The single ‘ vault UDD ‘ toilet is explained above. The double ‘ vault UDD ‘ toilet is collecting and storing the faeces in twin pit compartments. Daily deposits are made into one of the compartments. ‘After each use, a handful of cover material (wood ash, saw dust, soil, etc.) is sprinkled over the faeces’ (GTZ 2008). The routine will cover the smell and speed of the process of dehydration. The time of storing all, should take about one year before it needs to be replaced.
Underneath you could find the double ‘ vault UDD toilet in different model and different material and a sketch of how it would work. You could see that the urine will be separated in the beginning and stored in a different place than the faeces. The faeces should be maintained be covering it with wood ash, lime, etc. so it could be used for garden composting or eco-station for secondary processing through high temperature composting (GTZ 2008).
Different kind of materials can be used, such as;
‘ Single ‘ brick masonry in cement mortar
‘ Half ‘ brick masonry in cement mortar
‘ Cement hollow block masonry in cement mortar
‘ Ferro cement
‘ Sun ‘ dried mud brick masonry in mud mortar
This gives a lot options of what the toilet can be made of and it different design for the toilet (UNICEF India 2015).
Linking the design, the cost and the material, one pointed out that will cost the least: Bamboo superstructure atop cement hollow block masonry and slab foundation.
The footing is made from a 10 cm thick PCC slab that is cast in a 15 cm thick layer of Murum. The top of the PCC slab shall protrude at least 10 cm above the surrounding ground, which prevent water from entering the processing compartment
The processing compartments are made from 10 cm (4′) wide CHBs and provide a volume of ca. 0.4 m 3 (i.e. 400 liters) each. The clear length, width and height of each compartment are 1.15, 0.60 and 0.60 meters, respectively.
The elevated squatting platform is made from a pre-cast 7.5 cm (3’) reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slab that is fixed atop the processing compartment walls.
The openings for removal of the desiccated material are sealed with CHB masonry. The cover has to be broken for removal of the material and redone again afterwards in order to prevent insects and rainwater from entering the processing compartments. Mud mortar may be used instead of cement mortar.
The superstructure and the roof is made from bamboo sticks that are tied together to act as supports for bamboo mats (GTZ 2008).
So, to summarize the foundation is made of P.C.C. slab, the processing compartment is made of cement hollow blocks and the superstructure is made of bamboo mats (GTZ 2008).