Programmable Drilling Machine is increase efficiency and reduces costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility. In order to form a new entity in the field of automation, an effort is taken to design and fabrication an automatic drilling machine keeping in the view of the importance of reducing the lead time, manual effort and total lead time this project is accomplished.
In this project, drilling process is automated with help of sensor. Work pieces are queued on the conveyor and sensed by the sensor to stop the movement of the work piece at the required spot for the drilling process to be carried out. Here electric motor governs the movement of the conveyor. Drilling machine govern by the electric motor and move up and down with the help of the different mechanical system.
1.1 Why Automation Required
We can achieve automation through computers, hydraulics,, robotics., of these sources, pneumatics form attractive medium for low cost automation.
The main advantage of pneumatic system is that it is economical and simple in design which makes it different from other sources of automation.
Automation plays an important role in mass production to improve efficiency. Nowadays almost all the manufacturing process is converted to automated machines in order to deliver the products with better quality and at a faster rate. The operation is being automated for following reasons.
1. To successfully achieve mass production.
2. To reduce manpower.
3. To increase efficiency of the plant.
4. To reduce the workload on workers.
5. To reduce production cost.
6. To reduce production time of the plant.
7. To material handling.
8. To reduce fatigue of workers in the factory.
9. To achieve good product quality.
10. To achieve Less maintenance.
1.2 Problem Statement
In small-scale industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of drilling machine. Huge and complicated designed parts cannot be machined with the help of an ordinary machine and further for every operation separate machine is required therefore increasing the number of machines required and increasing the area required for them to be accommodated and hence overall initial cost required is increased.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Pneumatics
The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek. Which means breather wind. The pneumatics is the study of air movement. Its phenomena is derived from the word pneuma. Pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of air as a working medium in any plant especially in driving and controlling of equipments and machines.
Pneumatics is considered to used to carry out simple mechanical tasks. In today’s world it is playing an important role by becoming one of the most major sources of automation, and the recent developments in this field have made it a useful technology in the field of automated applications.
Pneumatic system operate on a supply of compressed air which must be in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the system. When the pneumatic system is adopted for the first time, it will indeed be necessary to deal with the section of compressed air supply.
The key part of any pneumatic system is supply of compressed air by means of reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine which takes in gas at a certain pressure and delivers it at a high pressure.
Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air delivered and compressed . And the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely at normal ambient temperature and atmosphere pressure.
The compressibility of the air was investigated by Robert Boyle in 1962 and he found that the product of pressure and volume of a particular quantity of gas is constant
This is written as:
PV = C
In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressure which is 14.7 Psi. Any gas can used in pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now.
2.1.1 Selection of Pneumatics:
Mechanization is majorly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical energy. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for cheap mechanizations particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations. So many factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is capable of providing the energy requirements and to control system (although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to other forms of power).
The main advantage of a pneumatic system is economically cheap and simple in construction, also reduced maintenance costs. It can also have an outstanding advantages in terms of safety measurements.
2.1.2 Pneumatic Power
Pneumatic systems are used to pressurized gas to transmit and control the power. Pneumatic systems uses air as the fluid medium because air is free, safe and readily available.
2.1.3 The Advantages of Pneumatics
Air used in pneumatic systems can directly exhausted to the surrounding environment and so the need of special reservoirs and leakage free system design are eliminated. Pneumatic systems are simple in construction and economical.
Control of pneumatic systems is easy.
2.1.4 The Disadvantages of Pneumatics
1. Pneumatic systems provide spongy characteristics due to compressibility of air
2. Pneumatic pressure are low due to compressor design limitations.
2.1.5 Production of Compressed Air
Pneumatic systems operate by supply of compressed air, which must be made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system.
The key part of any pneumatic system for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain pressure and delivers it at a higher pressure. Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and delivered. And the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.
Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life of a compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result in increased precipitation of condensed from the compressed air. Compressor may be classified in two general types.
1 Positive displacement.
2. Turbo
Positive displacement compressors are mostly frequently employed for compressed air plant and have proved successful for pneumatic control application.
The different types of positive compressors are:
1. Reciprocating compressor
2. Rotary compressor
Turbo compressors are employed where large capacity of air is required at low discharge pressure. They cannot be attained pressure for pneumatic control application unless built in multistage design and seldom encountered in pneumatics is occurred.
2.2 Conveyor System
A conveyor system is a common of handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful for applications involving to transportation of heavy materials. Conveyor systems are allow quick and efficient transportation for a very wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging in industries. Many types of conveying systems are available there, and they are used according to the various needs of different types of industries. There are chain conveyors as well as. Chain conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline & free, and hand pushed trolleys.
Conveyor systems are used widespread across industries due to the numerous benefits they are provide.
Conveyors system are able to safely transport materials from one level to another level, which when done by human labor would be very strenuous and very expensive.
They can be installed almost anywhere location, and are much safer than using a forklift lifter or other machines for move materials.
They can move loads of all shapes, sizes, geometry and weights. They many have advanced safety features that help to prevent accidents in industry.
There are a variety of options available for running conveyors, including the mechanical, hydraulic and fully automated systems in the industry, which are equipped for fit to individual needs in industry.
Conveyor systems are commonly used in many industries, including the automotive, agricultural, computer, aerospace, food processing, electronic, pharmaceutical, chemical, canning and bolting, print finishing and packaging. Although a wide variety of materials can be conveyed throughout this system, some of the most common include food items such as beans and nuts, bottles and racks, automotive components, scrap metal, pallets and powders, wood and furniture and small parts and animal food. Many factors are important in the accurate selection of a conveyor system placed in it. It is important to know how the conveyor system will be used beforehand in industry. Some individual plants that are helpful to consider are the required conveyor operations, such as accumulation, transportation and sorting, the material sizes, weights and shapes, geometry and where the loading and pickup points are need to be there.
Fig 2.1: Conveyor Belt
Fig 2.2: Conveyor Belt
2.2.1 Types of Conveyor Systems
1. Belt driven roller conveyor for cartons and totes.
2. Flexible conveyor
3. Gravity roller conveyor
4. Gravity skate wheel conveyor
5. Chain conveyor
6. Wire mesh conveyors
7. Plastic belt conveyors
8. Bucket conveyors
9. Flexible conveyors
10. horizontal conveyors
11. Spiral conveyors
12. Vibrating conveyors
13. Pneumatic conveyors
14. Electric Track Vehicle
15. Belt driven live roller
16. Line shaft roller conveyor
17. Chain conveyor
18. Screw conveyor aka Auger conveyor
19. Chain driven live roller
20. Overhead conveyors
21. Dust proof conveyors
22. Pharmaceutical
2.3 PSAR.
(1) PETANT NO: US 20130192859
Limitation of Prior Technology/Art:
The processor is configured to disable rotation of the motor when the relative movement is indicative of axial
Loading on the elevators.
Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Inventor:
A proximity sensor is mounted such that the relative movement results in a change in signal output thereof. A processor is in signal communication with the proximity sensor and is configured to operate a drive shaft motor.
Brief about Invention:
An automatic drilling system includes a top drive comprising a proximity sensor disposed in a housing thereof. A portion of the top drive is coupled to elevators through load transfer springs such that axial loading applied to the elevators results in relative movement between a link load collar and a load ring. A proximity sensor is mounted such that the relative movement results in a change in signal output thereof. A processor is in signal communication with the proximity sensor and is configured to operate a drive shaft motor. The processor is configured to disable rotation of the motor when the relative movement is indicative of axial loading on the elevators.
Key Learning Points:
During operation, a motor (shown schematically) encased within the motor housing rotates the main driveshaft which, in turn, rotates the drill string 19 and the drill bit . Rotation of the drill bit produces a wellbore .Drilling fluid pumped into the top drive system passes through the main drive shaft , the drill stem , the drill string , the drill bit and enters the bottom of the wellbore .
Summary of Invention:
One aspect of the invention is an automatic drilling system including a top drive comprising a proximity sensor disposed in a housing thereof. A portion of the top drive is coupled to elevators through load transfer springs such that axial loading applied to the elevators results in relative movement between a link load collarand a load ring. A proximity sensor is mounted such that the relative movement results in a change in signal output thereof. A processor is in signal communication with the proximity sensor and is configured to operate a drive shaft motor. The processor is configured to disable rotation of the motor when the relative movementis indicative of axial loading on the elevators.
(2) PETANT NO: 5449047
Limitation of Prior Technology/Art:
The Rotary Drill Division of Ingersoll-Rand Company markets vehicle-carried blast hole drills used in the mining industry to drill holes into which blasting charges are inserted and set off to fracture rock formations. Typically, an operator relies on past experience to manually control the axial force applied to the drill bit and the rotational speed of the drill bit, the control being exercised by operation of manual controls provided in the cab of the vehicle. The operator must continuously monitor the drilling operation, varying the rotational speed of the bit and the axial force applied to the bit as the bit moves through rock, less dense material and voids. The constant supervision results in operator fatigue. Furthermore, if the operator sets the rotation speed too high, vibration may be induced which could damage the drill.
Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Inventor:
The present invention relates to control of drills of the type used to drill holes in earth formations. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the axial force applied to a drill bit and the rate of rotation of the drill bit to obtain more efficient utilization of the bit with minimum vibration.
Key Learning Points:
from this patent article we learn about the various factors of drilling in earth and how to overcome the vibrations of tool and how to increase its efficiency.
Summary of Invention:
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for automatically controlling a drill in a manner which results in higher drill productivity and better utilization of the bit .Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the axial force applied to a drill bit according to the rock specific fracture energy or the work which must be put into the bit to produce a hole. A further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for controlling the force applied to a drill bit so that axial advance of the bit, per revolution of the bit, is approximately equal to, or does not grossly exceed, the height of the cutting elements on the bit when drilling competent rock. The axial force applied to the bit is automatically decreased as the drill bit passes through less dense material or voids.
(3) PETANT NO: 2008137078
Limitation of Prior Technology/Art :
Utility lines for water, electricity, gas, telephone and cable television are often run underground for safety and aesthetics reasons, among others. Sometimes the underground utilities are buried in a trench that is then back filled. Trenching, however, can be time consuming and can cause substantial damage to existing structures or roadways. Consequently, horizontal directional drilling ("HDD") is often used to avoid these drawbacks
Specific Problem Solved / Objective of Inventor :
Some embodiments of the invention concern HDD in an automatic drilling mode. Such embodiments can include maintaining a constant output parameter while performing a drilling operation using an HDD rig (20) having a thrust pump, generating hydraulic fluid pressure measurements from one or more pumps of the HDD rig, comparing the hydraulic fluid pressure measurements to a variable pressure limit, calculating a derivative value using the measured hydraulic fluid pressure measurements, comparing .
Summary of Invention:
This invention includes a method and apparatus for use with a horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machine. A preferred manner in which the present invention may be implemented is in a controller for the hydraulic pump output(s) of an HDD machine. The invention provides an operator with an automated (e.g., a hands-off) control of thrust/pullback and rotation functions. A pressure derivative control function is used to monitor the thrust/pullback and rotation pressures while still allowing them to vary naturally as drilling conditions change. In some embodiments of the present invention the operator may select one of three constant drilling modes: Constant Thrust Speed, Constant Rotation Pressure (Torque), and Constant Thrust Pressure. In Constant
CHAPTER 3: CONCEPT GENERATION
3.1 Concept Generation
1. Autosense Drilling Machine Operated by Pneumatics
In this mechanism, the drilling machine is moving in vertical direction with the help of pneumatic double acting cylinder. Pneumatic cylinder’s motion in vertical direction is govern and controlled by the 5/2 solenoid valve, flow control valve, four way junction. But in this mechanism the drilling pressure is not able to drill in mild steel and stainless still. From this mechanism we drill only in wooden material and other soft materials. But this mechanism has a good speed and easy operation.
Figure 3.1: Drilling Machine operated by Pneumatics
2. Autosense Drilling Machine Operated by Lead screw Mechanism
In this mechanism, the drilling machine is moving in vertical direction with the help of lead screw mechanism. Lead screw’s motion in vertical direction is govern and controlled by the stepper motor and microcontroller. In this mechanism the drilling pressure is able to drill in mild steel. From this mechanism we drill in wooden material and other soft materials.
Figure 4.2 : Autosense Drilling Machine Operated by Lead screw Mechanism
CHAPTER:4 CONCEPT SELECTION & DESIGN OF MECHANISM
4.1 Concept Selection
In this mechanism, the drilling machine is moving in vertical direction with the help of lead screw mechanism. Lead screw’s motion in vertical direction is govern and controlled by the stepper motor and microcontroller. In this mechanism the drilling pressure is able to drill in mild steel. From this mechanism we drill in wooden material and other soft materials.
4.2 Design of Programmable Drilling Machine
Figure 4.1: Programmable Drilling Machine
4.3 Elements of Programmable Drilling Machine
4.3.1 Stepper Motor
A stepper motor (step motor) is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation of motor into a number of equal steps. The motor’s position at that time can then be commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor there (open-loop controller), as long as the stepper motor is carefully sized to the application.
DC motors rotate continuously when voltage is applied to their terminals continuously. Stepper motors, on the other hand of that, effectively have multiple electromagnets arranged around a central gear-shaped piece of iron in the motor. The electromagnets are energized by an external control circuit, such as a microcontroller unit. To make the motor shaft turning, first, one electromagnet is given power, which magnetically attracts the gear’s teeth in the coil. When the gear’s teeth are aligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset from the next electromagnet in the motor. So when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is turned off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one, and from there the process is repeated in the motor. Each of those rotations is called a "step", with an integer number of steps making a full rotation in the motor. In that way, the motor can be turned by a precise angle at running conditions.
Figure.4.2: Basic Diagram of Stepper motor
Figure 4.3 : Stepper motor controlled by microcontroller
There are four main types of stepper motors
1. Permanent magnet stepper (can be subdivided into ‘tin-can’ and ‘hybrid type’, tin-can being a cheap product, and hybrid with good quality bearings, smaller step angle, higher power density)
2. Hybrid synchronous stepper motor
3. Variable reluctance stepper motor
4. Lave type stepping motor
4.3.2 Microcontroller
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, RAM, and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form OTP ROM is also included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM inn that. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications in electric applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers, laptops or other general purpose applications.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use 4-bit words and operate at clock rate frequencies as low as 3.9 kHz, for low power consumption (single microwatts). They will generally have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for an eventually such as a button press or any other interrupted drives; power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and peripherals ) may be just nano watts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications in this field. .
Figure 4.4. : block diagram of microcontroller
Figure 4.5 : Microcontroller
4.3.3 Fixture:
Fixture is used for the holding the job when the drilling process start.
A fixture is a work-holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry. Fixtures are used to securely locate (position in a specific location or in the orientation) and support the work for ensuring that all parts produced using the fixture will maintain in safe conformity and interchangeability. Using a fixture improves the economy of production by allowing the smooth operation and quick transition from part to another part, reducing the requirement for skilled labour by simplifying the process how work pieces are mounted on machine, and increasing conformity across a production line.
In a fixture there are mostly cross slide is used for sliding way .with the help of the cross slide we can move the job at any linear position on the machine.
Figure 4.6: Fixture
4.3.4 Lead Screw Mechanism
The lead screw, also known as a translation screws or power screw. It is used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning or rotary motion into linear motion in the machine. Because of the large area of sliding contact between its threads, screws have larger frictional losses compared to other mechanical linkages. They are not used to transmit high power, but more for intermittent use in low power actuator mechanisms and positioner mechanisms. Common applications are in linear actuator, machine slides (in machine tools), jacks etc.
Lead screws are manufactured in the same way as other threads are made.
Figure 4.7: Lead Screw
Lead screw have been designed speci’cally for motion control applications in machine. They are not compromised adaptations of general purpose screws or nuts in machine. The screw thread form is designed for maximum life, better operation, and compatibility.
A lead screw nuts and screw mate with rubbing surfaces in mechanism, and so they have a relatively high friction on surfaces and compared other to mechanical parts which mate with rolling surfaces and bearings in the machine. Lead screw efficiency is typically between 25 and 70% efficiency, with higher pitch screws tending to be more efficient other than other mechanisms. A higher performance but more expensive alternative is the ball screw mechanism.
The high internal friction means that lead screw systems are not usually capable of continuous operation at high speed application, as they will overheat quickly. Due to inherently high friction, the typical screw is self-locking ability (i.e. when stopped, a linear force on the nut will not apply the torque to the lead screw) and are often used in applications where back driving is unacceptable in manufacturing, like holding vertical loads or in hand cranked machine tools in industry.
Lead screws are used well greased and lubrication but with an appropriate nuts, they may be run dry with somewhat higher friction is there. There is often a choice of nuts, and manufacturers will specify screw and nut combination as a set of tools.
The mechanical advantage of a lead screw is determined by the screw pitch and lead diameter. For multi-start screws the mechanical advantage is lower, but the traveling speed is higher in that.
Black lash can be reduced with the use of a second nut, or a tension spring, to create a static loading force known as preload mechanism; alternately, the nut can will be cut across to its diameter and preloaded by clamping that cut back in mechanism.
4.3.5 Liquid-Crystal Display
.
Figure 4.8: Liquid-Crystal Display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is electronic visual display, flat panel display, video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals does not emit light directly.
This displays are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as pre-set digits, words, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clocks. This displays are use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels in display, though other displays have larger elements in it.
Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters (parallel and perpendicular), the axes of transmission of which are perpendicular to each other in this type of display. Without the crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second polarizer
4.3.6 Drilling Machine
The machine for making holes with removing of chips. Drilling machines are used for drilling, milling, boring, countersinking, reaming, and tapping. Several types are used in metalworking industries: horizontal drilling machines, vertical drilling machines, center-drilling machines, gang drilling machines, multiple-spindle drilling machines, and special-purpose drilling machines.
Vertical drilling machines are the widely used in metalworking industries. They are used to make holes in relatively small work-pieces in individual and small-lot production; they are also used in maintenance shops. The tool, such as a drill, countersink, reamer, is fastened on a vertical spindle, and the work-piece is secured on the table of the drilling machine. The axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are aligned by moving the workpiece on the machine. Programmed control is also used to control the work piece and to automate the whole operation. Bench-mounted drill machines, usually of the single-spindle type, are used to make holes up to 13 mm in diameter, for instance, in instrument-making in factory.
Heavy and large work pieces and work pieces with holes located along a curved edge are worked on radial drilling machines in industry. Here the axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled in work piece are aligned by moving the spindle relative to the stationary work-piece on the machine.
Horizontal drilling machines are usually used to make deep holes, for instance, in axles, shafts, and .work pieces, gun barrels for firearms and artillery pieces.
Figure 4.9:Drilling machine
CHAPTER 5 : CONSRUCTION AND WORKING OF PROGRAMMABLE DRIILING MACHINE
5.1 Construction
Stepper motor is the heart of the machine and the microcontroller is the brain of the machine.
First of all there is a drilling machine fixed on the c shape structure which is bolted together. structure is having barrel who’s one end is closed and on other end there is a threaded nut which is provided for movement of lead screw through it. Lead screw’s one end is in the barrel and another is connected to the Lead screw is coupled to the stepper motor shaft with the help of rigid coupling.
The stepper motor is mounted on the rigidly fixed on platform which the stepper motor is bolted together. The stepper motor is connected to the circuit. The drill machine can move in forward and reverse direction with the help of two rollers provided on the structure which slides in channels provided on the structure. There is a fixture bolted at the bottom of the machine to rigidly hold the work piece during operation. There is power supply provided to drilling machine and circuit. The circuit is having microcontroller, keypad, integrated circuit, digital display, relay which are fitted on the board. There is two power provided to circuit for microcontroller and relay.
5.2 Working
In this mechanism, the drilling operation is carried out with the help of movement of lead screw which also called power screw which govern by the stepper motor connected with it by means of coupling. In this mechanism we gives command to stepper motor by keypad. When we gives command to the stepper motor it rotates the lead screw which converts the rotating motion of the shaft in the forward and reverse direction. There are two rollers provided on the barrel structure which slides on two channels for easy movement of the drilling machine. There is a fixture at the bottom of the machine to hold the work piece properly
There is two modes in this mechanism:
1. Manual mode: In this mode, we have to give command to the machine by keypad. On keypad there is a button by which we can control the feed rate and forward movement of the drilling machine. There is another button by which we can give command to the machine to move in the reverse direction. In this we have to press this button only one time. Drill will automatically comes to its starting position. There is a one button by which we can control the drilling tool.
2. Automatic mode : In this mode, we have to input the data of the job. In this we have to set job’s height, depth of drilling, number of jobs to be drill delay period between two jobs. Once we have gave data to the machine. The whole operation is carried out automatically. Suppose there is 100 number of jobs having height of 10 mm and drill depth having 2 mm. and we have set delay period 5 seconds between two drilling operation. After giving input data to the machine machine will automatically drill 2 mm hole in 100 jobs simultaneously at delay period of 5 second between two operation. In this 5 seconds we have to only change the job on the fixture.
5.3 Material Used in Programmable Drilling Machine
Table 5.1 List of Materials
Sr. No. Description Qty. Material
1 Drilling machine 1 M.S,S.S
2 Stepper motor 1 M.S,S.S
3 Fixture 1 M.S,S.S
4 Lead screw 1 S.S
5 Microcontroller 1 Electronic
6 Drill tool Asper requirement H.S.S
7 IC 1 electronic
8 Relay 2 Electronic
9 Coupling 1 M.S
10 Slide rollers 1 M.S, S.S
11 LCD display 1 Electronic
12 Keypad 1 M.S, S.S
13 Power adapters 1 Electronic
5.4 Detailed specification of equipments
1. Frame
Height: 80 cm
Width: 86 cm
Weight: 22 kg
Channel thickness: 2.3 cm
2. Drill machine
Rpm: 0-3000 rpm
Weight: 1.2 kg
Power supply: 240 volts AC
3. Circuit
Circuit diagram
Relay volts: 12 volts DC
Microcontroller volts: 9 volts DC
Stepper motor power supply: 12 volts DC
Figure 5.1 : Circuit Diagram
4. Sliding mechanism
Brass nut diameter : 18 mm
Lead screw length : 20 cm
Weight : 10 kg
Diameter of sliding rollers : 6.9 cm
Distance between two rollers: 46.5 cm
Height of the mechanism: 60 cm
Drill tool length: 2 cm
Distance between two slide channels: 47 cm
Width of slide channel: 7 cm
Height of fixture : 10 cm
Table 5.2 Cost Estimation
S. No. Description Cost
1 Drilling machine 1500
2 Stepper motor 4000
3 Fixture 3500
4 Lead screw 1200
5 Microcontroller 210
6 Drill tool 70
7 IC 250
8 Relay 70
9 Coupling 50
10 Slide rollers 200
11 LCD display 70
12 Keypad 40
13 Power adapters 450
CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION
6.1 Advantages
1. It is use in mass production.
2. Semi skill worker can operate this machine.
3. Time required for machining the job is very less due to automation.
4. Initial cost is moderate but production cost is very less.
5. It provides safety to the operator.
6.2 Applications
1. Use for special purpose drilling operations.
2. It can be improve for irregular shape job drilling.
3. It is also use for other operations by changing griper design.
4. Used in automobile workshops, fabrication works and wooden work industries for drilling holes Used in small scale industries
5. For performing the operations in huge numbers which cannot be done in ordinary machines. Since it is portable.
6. In such places where frequent change in operation is required.
CHAPTER: 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY
7.1 CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of small scale industries and automobile maintenance shops. As this machines are economical and beneficial so by the use of this PROGRAMMABLE DRILLING MACHINE the workers can carry out drilling operations on different work pieces easily by manual mode and mass drilling operation by automatic mode. So it reduces unproductive time and less fatigue to workers.
7.2 FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY
The project carried out by the students can work in limited number of axis.so if there would be improvement in project. The machine can drill in one or more axis. So this feature is similar to CNC machine. So it is helpful to the small scale industries like fabrication and wooden works who can not afford CNC machine. So as it is cost effective and should be used for mass drilling operation for same workpieces.
REFERENCE
(1)MICRO CONTROLLER
http://splashurl.com/mgss4t3
http://splashurl.com/mno6p2s
http://splashurl.com/m956rhc
(2)PENUMATICS, SOLENOID VALVE AND THEIR SPECIFICATION
Pneumatic hand book- R.H.Warrning
(3)ELECTRICAL MOTORS
W.BOLTON, ‘MECHATRONICS’
(4) M.P.groover, ‘automation and computer integrated manufacturing’
(5)Research paper: ‘composite automatic wing drilling machine’ by Stephen Williams,UK.