Abstract
Homework 1 is related to OOPS concepts. The topics covered are Object Oriented Analysis,its history, how it is related to 530 and purpose of the Structured Methods. The second part concentrates on the system, subsystem, and system design and system analysis. It also helps us in understanding the SDLC and difference between Predictive and Adaptive Analysis. Also explains the Model, differences between methodology and technique. It also helps in understanding the Project Management, responsibilities of Project Manager, stakeholders and also covers the concept of PMBOK.
HomeWork1
Questions QUESTION 1: Consider that for much of this semester we will be talking “Object Oriented” (O-O) primarily in the form of “Object Oriented Analysis” and “Object Oriented Design”. To answer the following questions, use any available resource, including YouTube, Google, Google Scholar, Researchgate.net, HU Library resources or other selected sources. Research the topics of “Object Oriented Analysis” and “Object Oriented Design”. Answer the following specific questions:
1a. What is the definition of “Object Oriented (O-O)”?
Answer: Refers to programing language model organized around objects. It mainly involves in creation, utilization and manipulation of reusable objects to perform a specific task.
1b. How is “Object Oriented” related to (same, different?) the technique called “Structured Methods”?
Compare and contrast these two methods. (Hint: Structured Methods came first. It is possible that dissatisfaction with Structured Methods and the resulting software products led to some of the motivation for O-O).
Answer: In structured methods, programing is done in a top to down or step-by-step approach and is feasible for small designs but for the large designs, code is reused. Object Oriented helps in resolving the above problem by reusing the same code.
1c. What are the key characteristics / attributes of O-O? (Hint: Characteristics such as “Inheritance” and “Encapsulation” should be identified). Please
1.Identify each key characteristic / attribute that you find,
Answer O-O has these key characteristics – Object, Class, Encapsulation, Association, Abstraction, Interface, Inheritance and Polymorphism
2) Define each key characteristic, and
Answer
1- Inheritance: this is the process by which a class is derived from a base class with all features of the base class and some of its own. “It will Increase the code reusability”.
2- Encapsulation: it is for capturing data and keeping it safely and securely from outside interfaces.
3- Polymorphism: it means one name, many forms, which is the ability to exist in various forms. For example, an operator can be overloaded so as to add two integer numbers and two floats.
4- Abstraction: it is used to manage complexity. Software developers use abstraction to decompose complex systems into smaller components, however, it has the ability to represent data at a very conceptual level without any details.
Other characteristics of OOP are:
Answer
1- Class definition: Basic building blocks OOP and a single entity which has data and operations on data together
2- Objects: The instances of a class which is used in real functionality, its variables and operations
3- Generic classes: Class definitions for unspecified data which is known as container classes. They are flexible and reusable.
4- Class libraries: Built-in language specific classes
3) Explain each key characteristic.
Answer
Class – Basic building blocks OOP and a single entity which has data and operations on data together.
Objects – The instances of a class which are used in real functionality – its variables and operations.
Abstraction – Specifying what to do but not how to do ; a flexible feature for having a overall view of an object’s functionality.
Encapsulation – Binding data and operations of data together in a single unit – A class adhere this feature.
Inheritance and class hierarchy – Reusability and extension of existing classes.
Polymorphism – Multiple definitions for a single name – functions with same name with different functionality; saves time in investing many function names Operator and Function overloading.
Generic classes – Class definitions for unspecified data. They are known as container classes. They are flexible and reusable.
Class libraries – Built-in language specific classes
1d. What is the History of O-O?
How / where / when did it start?
Who were the original authors of the idea?
What was the original motivation for O-O?
How did an interest in Object-Oriented Programming lead to O-O Analysis and Design?
How did we get to O-O Analysis and O-O Design, which are the primary focus of the ISEM 530 course?
Answer:
How / where / when did it start?
It started early in late 1950’s and early 1960’s in MIT.
Who were the original authors of the idea?
Original Authors are Kristen Nygaard and Ole-Johan Dahl in Norway.
What was the original motivation for O-O?
The motivation behind object-oriented programming was originally to create a language that supported simulation of ships through cargo ports. The language was called Simula 67 and supported many object oriented concepts such as classes, instances and subclasses.
How did an interest in Object-Oriented Programming lead to O-O Analysis and Design? How did we get to O-O Analysis and O-O Design, which are the primary focus of the ISEM 530 course?
Object Oriented Program consists of a set of program objects that cooperate to accomplish a result. Each program object has program logic and any necessary attributes encapsulated into a single unit. Object Oriented analysis is the procedure of identifying and developing Object based programs and Object Oriented design involves implementation of model created from OOA.
QUESTION 2: Find a definition of “System” other than from your textbook and explain it in your own words. Provide a reference to the source of the definition.
Answer:
System: A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of units forming an integrated whole to perform set of operations.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System
QUESTION 3: What is the difference between a “System” and a “Subsystem”?
Answer:
A subsystem is a single, predefined operating environment through which the system coordinates the work flow and resource use. The system can contain several subsystems, all operating independently of each other.
QUESTION 4: Find a definition of “System Analysis” other than from your textbook and explain it in your own words. Provide a reference to the source of the definition.
Answer:
System Analysis: The act, technique, or profession of reading an activity (consisting of a method, a commercial enterprise, or a physiological feature) normally by mathematical way for you to define its dreams or purposes and to discover operations and processes for accomplishing them most efficiently.
Reference: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/systemsanalysis
QUESTION 5: Find a definition of “System Design” other than from your textbook and explain it in your own words. Provide a reference to the source of the definition.
Answer:
System Design: System design is the process of defining the elements of a system such as the architecture, modules and components, the different interfaces of those components and the data that goes through that system. It is meant to satisfy specific needs and requirements of a business or organization through the engineering of a coherent and well-running system.
Reference: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/systemdesign
QUESTION 6: What is a “System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)”?
Answer:
The system development life cycle (SDLC), also called the application development life-cycle, is a term utilized in systems engineering, statistics systems and software program engineering to explain a manner for making plans, developing, checking out, and deploying an information system. The systems improvement life cycle concept applies to a number of hardware and software configurations, as a device may be composed of hardware most effective, software program handiest, or a mixture of each.
QUESTION 7: Describe the similarities and differences between “Predictive” SDLC and an “Adaptive” SDLC. What do they have in common, and what are key differences?
Answer: Predictive planning provides a linear, specific development plan structured around generating a pre-decided end result within a specific timeframe and while Adaptive making plans entails breaking a task into small components over an undetermined timeline to permit closing flexibility in directing the route of the mission. Key distinction between them is shape and versatility.
QUESTION 8: Please “fill in the blanks” on the following table, summarizing in your own words the key definitions of Methodologies, Models, Tools and Technique. Please try to highlight the relationships and differences between each. Terminology Definition (Please put your answers table format like this) Methodology Model Tool Technique The difference between “Methodology” and Technique is: ISEM
Answer:
Terminology
Methodology A system of methods used in a particular area of study
Model A systematic description of an object
Tool A tool(equipment, software) is anything that helps to carry a particular task
Technique Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
The difference between “Methodology” and Technique is: Technique is the style in which something is done. Methodology is the ideology behind the methods.
QUESTION 9: Research “Work Breakdown Structure” (WBS), which is mentioned in Chapter 9. Please research and provide a formal definition for WBS. (Note: please provide your references).
Answer: A work breakdown shape (WBS) is a key undertaking deliverable that arranges the cooperation into practical regions. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) characterizes the work breakdown shape as a "deliverable arranged various leveled disintegration of the paintings to be done by way of the assignment institution." The work breakdown shape outwardly characterizes the extension into sensible portions that a challenge group can understand, as each level of the work breakdown shape gives facilitate definition and detail.
QUESTION 10: What is “Project Management”?
Answer:
Project Management: It is a practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.
QUESTION 11: What are the primary responsibilities of a “Project Manager”?
Answer:
Project Manager: Main responsibilities of a project manager are Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling.
QUESTION 12:
12a Who are the primary Stakeholders in a typical Project?
Answer:
Anyone affected by the projects are considered as stakeholders.
12b Find a sample project and then identify the stakeholders.
Answer:
Considering the sample project as Health Project. Here are the Stakeholders for Health Care:
1. Insurance Industry
2. Patients
3. Government
4. Physicians
5. Pharmaceutical Companies
QUESTION 13: Go online and find the “PMBOK”. What is the PMBOK? What are its primary contents?
Answer:
PMBOK: Is a set of standard or set of guidelines for Project Management. The primary contents are:
Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
Outputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
References:
Satzinger, Jackson, Burd, Systems Analysis & Design In A Changing World; Fifth Edition
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/systemsanalysis
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/systemdesign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Sixth Edition John W. Satzinger, Robert B. Jackson, Stephen D. Burd