Boyle, Drumm
October 29, 2018
Language Arts Periods 3 and 4
Background Research
Music and the heart are two things that can affect one another. The heart is an important
organ in the body, and music is the study of sound created by vibrations. These two subjects may not seem alike, but they have certain components that affect overall heart rate. Music may affect one’s heart rate, while heart rate can affect the way humans breathe, or in other words, live.
The heart is a pear-sized muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
(“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). It lies between the lungs and weighs about 9 to 11 ounces (Crawford, 2018).The heart is the first organ to form in the body and starts beating about 2 months before birth (“The Heart: Our First Organ”, 2018). The heart is an important organ in the body. It functions in a very specific way.
The different sides of the heart perform different actions. The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. The heart has four chambers, which are blood-filled parts. The two upper chambers of the heart are the atria(singular: atrium). The two lower parts of the heart are ventricles. The atria fill up with blood, then they release it into the ventricles. Blood relies on four special valves of the heart. The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve let blood flow from the atria to the ventricles. The aortic valve and the pulmonary valve control the blood flow as blood leaves the heart (Downshen, 2018). A material called the epicardium surrounds the heart. Another material called the pericardium covers the epicardium. The three types of muscle are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle. Skeletal muscles are in arms and legs and they are under the body’s control. Smooth muscles form the walls of many internal organs. Heart muscle is different from the other types of muscle in the body. It has striations, which are long fibers with alternate dark and light bonds in muscles. Also, heart muscle contracts and relaxes. Heart muscle cells work together so that a wave of contraction travels through the heart (Crawford, 2018). The heart needs blood to function.
Blood is a connective tissue that provides the body with oxygen and nutrients (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). When the heart relaxes, blood flow stops (Kamaroff, 2015). Blood is made up of platelets, white blood cells, plasma, and red blood cells. Platelets are pieces of large cells in bone marrow. White blood cells keep the body healthy by killing pathogens and cleaning wounds. Pathogens often meet white blood cells when they get inside the body. So white blood cells squeeze out and search for pathogens. When they find a pathogen, they destroy it. White blood cells can also release chemicals that identify and destroy pathogens. These chemicals are called antibodies. The fluid part of blood is called plasma. Plasma is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and other substances. Most blood cells are red blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an energy-carrying protein. Blood travels through the body throughout blood vessels. The three types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body’s organs (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). They are the thickest of all blood vessels and have muscular walls (Crawford, 2018). Capillaries allow an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue. Veins carry blood back to the heart (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). Blood vessels are important to multiple systems throughout the body.
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). Its purpose is to provide nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. The cardiovascular system is necessary for life (“Cardiovascular System”, 2018). The heart is always beating to keep blood circulating (Retseck, January 2014). The most sophisticated circulatory systems contain hearts, arteries, capillaries, capillary beds, and veins. In an open circulatory system, blood is pumped throughout the body but is not confined to only blood vessels. In a closed circulatory system, blood flows continuously through the body under pressure from the heart (Freeman, 2008). Heartbeat is an important component to these systems.
Heartbeat is caused by alternating contractions and relaxations of the myocardium (“Heart(anatomy)”, 2018). The heart beats all the time (Downshen, 2018). It rests only about 0.4 seconds between beats (“Cardiovascular System”, 2018). Pulse is heart rate, or the amount of times the heart beats in a minute (“Pulse and Heart Rate”, 2018). Pulse is caused by the rhythmic changes in blood pressure (“Human Body Systems and Health, 2018”). It can be found by measuring the amount of heart beats in 10 seconds and multiplying that by 6. A normal child’s heart rate at rest is 70-100 beats per minute. A normal adult’s heart rate at rest is 60-100 beats per minute (“Pulse and Heart Rate”, 2018). Resting heart rate is heart rate when the body is most relaxed. A maximum heart rate is an estimate of the highest heart rate a person could be when partaking in an intense exercise. Target heart rate is 65 to 80% of maximum heart rate (Komaroff, 2015). Over an average lifetime the human heart beats over 2.5 billion times. Exercise brings heart rate up. The American Heart Association recommends a person gets at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise on most days of the week. Moderately intense exercises bring an initial jump in heart rate, then they slowly increase. Intense exercises have a higher initial jump in heart rate then it stays the same. Doing a more strenuous exercise generally raises a person's heart rate faster compared to doing an exercise that is moderately intense (Retseck, February 2014). Blood pressure is the pressure of each heartbeat.
The pressure of each heartbeat pumping blood into arteries is blood
pressure (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). Blood pressure is determined by five elements: the strength of heartbeat, the volume of blood, the viscosity of the blood, the resistance of the arterioles, and the elasticity of the arterial walls. If any of the five elements is abnormal, blood pressure could be too high or too low. Exercise and stress can both cause pulse and blood pressure to rise. Blood pressure is measured by wrapping the cuff of a sphygmomanometer around the arm (“Cardiovascular System”, 2018). Systolic pressure is the top number in a blood pressure reading. Diastolic pressure is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading (“Using Music to Tune the Heart”, 2009). There are multiple points of the body where pulse can be measured. These pulse points include the groin, the top of the foot over the ankle, the back of the knee, side of the neck, and the temple. If blood pressure or heartbeat is disturbed, the heart could be affected.
Cardiology is the medical field that deals with diseases of the heart and blood
vessels. Disease can find any place in the heart (Crawford, 2018). Two heart problems are heart attack and heart failure. Heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs (“Human Body Systems and Health”, 2010). If the heart does not receive enough oxygen, it might work poorly or die. When the heart stops beating, the body dies unless an artificial method circulates and adds oxygen to its blood. Abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias can range from being harmless to being deadly (Crawford, 2018). The best ways to keep the heart healthy are to avoid smoking, have a healthy diet, and exercise regularly (Retseck, January 2014). Another component in this study that should be considered is music.
Music is a very important variable in this experiment because it gives the experimenters results. Music is the study of sound created by vibrations. It is known to be the science of the heart. Music is both an art and a science. They are closely related. Both science and music use formulas and theories to solve problems and to explore the mysteries of life. Music’s composition is basically a mathematical exercise. To make these sounds, tempos and pitches are added together. The art of music and the science of math are related. Science teaches us that sound is vibration. So have said music is the father of mathematics. The frequency of vibration is what makes different sounds. Mathematicians view mathematics as music for the intellect. Rhythms and tempos can be produced. Music also may relieve pain, as studies have shown. Music is based off of mathematics. In music, vibrations get put into patterns the elicit emotions. The pitch of the note depends of the frequency of the sound waves (Arts Edge, 2018). Sound also varies with its volume. Music is a common human denominator. It is emotion. If only a few soundwaves pass in the sa second, the frequency is slow. But science can explain music. The lower the frequency, the lower the pitch. If many sound waves pass in one second, then the frequency is high. The number of high points per second is called frequency. Different sounds have different wavelengths. The higher the frequency the higher the pitch. Sound also varies for how loud or soft it is. Researchers agreed that the style of the music is not as important as its pace. They thought it could be used as an alternative technique of relaxation or ditation. (Arts of Columbia, 2018). Humans have been making music for an extremely long ti. Sound happens when an object vibrates. A wavelength is the distance of the high point of the wave to the second point of the wave. (Erica Roth, 2017). The history of music can affect the experinters regarding sounds, vibrations and pitches that can affect one’s heart rate.
The ancient human also made instruments as said by archaeologists. There
is an equation to music. Ancient humans were playing music up to about 40,000 years ago. Since the middle of the 20th century music psychologists have been carrying out a wide range of information about music. Ancient humans made the flute as well. (Penn State, 2015). Researchers agreed that the style of the music is not as important as its pace. They thought it could be used as an alternative technique of relaxation or meditation. Humans have been making music for a really long time. (Arts of Columbia, 2018). Music is not only about singing though, instruments are also a key fundamental to music.
Instruments are a big part of music today. There are tons of instruments today
that all make different sounds and rhythms. A single vibrating string can make sound! Many vibrating strings can make loud music. (Brainwaves, 2015). The sound of different types of instruments can create a boisterous sound, but in so cases an exquisite and graceful. So of this music can create benefits to the heart.
Music therapy is most commonly used for people going through a cardiac
procedure. Music can help ease recovery from heart surgery, help get the body back to normal after a heart attack or stroke, lower blood pressure a small amount, and relieve stress. In ancient Greece, music was used to ease stress, promote sleep, and soothe pain. Mayo Clinic’s Healing Enhancement Program offers music for people having heart surgery. “We encourage patients to listen to music before, during, and after surgery,” says Suzanne Cutshall, a clinical nurse specialist who heads the program. Studies have shown that music can help patients suffering from heart disease recover faster and that music can strengthen the heart (Donnelly, 2013). Several trials have found that music had an effect on heart rate or blood pressure. A nurse-led team at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee found that heart attack survivors that listened to music for 20 minutes were less anxious than those who did not listen to music. In Hong Kong, older volunteers who listened to music for 25 minutes a day for four weeks lowered their systolic pressure by 12 points and their diastolic pressure by 5 points. Others who did not listen to music had no change in blood pressure. At Abbott Northwestern Hospital in Minneapolis, people who listened to music soon after undergoing heart surgery were less anxious and had less pain than people who rested silently. At the University of Maryland Center in Baltimore, scientists measured blood flow through the forearm as healthy people listened to music. Blood flow increased while listening to joyful music and relaxation tapes. Blood flow decreased while listening to music that mentioned anxiety. At Massachusetts General Hospital, a nurse-led team found that heart patients confined in bed who had listened to music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure (“Using Music to Tune the Heart”, 2009). Studies have shown that some types of music make a worse impact than other types. Opera, classical, and other “joyful” types of music are more likely to stimulate endorphins. Heavy metal music is more likely to raise stress levels (Donnelly, 2013).
Happy or sad music can affect the way humans look at a person's face. It also affects the brain as well. (Music Lessons, 2016). Music is a force that unites humans and it affects the body chemistry. (Roth, Erica, 2017). Music can make a change in the cardiovascular system. (Scientific American, 2018). Studies have shown musicians sotis breath faster. It affects the blood pressure of one person as well. (Surprising Science, 2013). Slower music causes declines in the heart rate, with loudest music influencing the largest decline. Music has also been known to reduce stress, benefit athletic performance and enhance motor functions in people with neurological impairments. When music is paused, ventilations, heart rate and blood pressure decreased, sotis decrease the beginning rate. Music pumps blood to the rest of the body rhythmic expansion and relaxation. The researchers found that music with faster tempos resulted in increased ventilation, heart rate and blood pressure. Recent research suggests, slow music influences a person's relaxation. Musical pauses modulate heart rhythms in a good way. Listening to faster music with a more upbeat tempo causes a more faster respiration and heart rate. The heart rate tends to increase with response to a wide variety of conditions like vigorous physical activity or according to this lab experiments hypothesis, music. Earlier studies have shown music with quicker tempos makes someone breath faster. Music has a big effect which is related to its frequency and tempo. Slow or meditative music can induce a realizing affect. Louder music can cause a person to breath faster. Slower music causes someone to breathe slower and deeper. Blood pressure can lower with this. Furthermore louder music causes aggression. (Science of Music, 2011). It is better to listen to slower music. It is unhealthy to listen to fast music and a high volume. Listening to music doesn't damage heart rate but it does damage one’s hearing. It is very unhealthy to listen to fast and loud music at the sa ti. (Mind Blowing Facts, 2018). Listen to slow music has a relaxing effect and slowed the heart rate. Listening to fast music accelerates the heart rate. Music may increase one's person heart rate but not the other. Music makes us human. Music brings so much joy to many people. (Science and Music, 2018). Music can make a change in the many different parts of the body.
The heart is a very important organ in humans’ bodies. If humans and other organisms similar to humans not have this critical body part, they would cease to exist. Music is the study of sound created by vibrations. It can affect how the body functions work or operate. There are many different types of music. Music can affect how the heart operates. For example, it can elevate blood pressure. Also, studies have shown that music can help a cardiac procedure patient recover faster. These studies help scientists to discover how organisms function and how humanity is still thriving in the present day.