ID’s
Anne Hutchison
Anne Hutchison was an activist who questioned Puritan beliefs in Massachusetts. Hutchinson argued that many clergy members part of the Puritan religion were not elected and challenged stereotypes about women’s roles in Puritan society. As a result of her beliefs, she began organizing meetings at her home to discuss both religion and women’s issues. By the early 1600’s her meetings were becoming very popular and began to attract both sexes. Yet, the Puritans saw her as a threat and sent her to court. Unfortunately, she was found guilty for heresy against Puritan religion and was removed from the colony. Nevertheless, Anne Hutchison is still remembered today for being one of the earliest feminist to take a stand up for what she believed in. Additionally, Hutchinson is remembered as a courageous woman who was a key component in the advancement of religious toleration in the American colonies and provided a change in ideology regarding women’s roles in society.
Juan De Onate
Juan De Onate was a Spanish conquistador that came to the New World in the late 1500’s with 600 to 700 people with two goals in mind: the expansion of religion, specifically Catholicism, and to locate new untapped resources that could be used by Spain. During Onate’s voyage, he established his headquarters near the Rio Grande and founded a church. He then continued his voyage and established New Mexico for Spain which can still be viewed today including cities such as Santa Fe, New Mexico. Shortly after, Onate invaded the Acoma Pueblo, expecting to be worshiped by the native people, however, the Acoma’s refused and stood their ground. As a result, Onate destroyed the Acoma Pueblo by killing nearly 90 percent of the population while the remaining 10 percent were enslaved and had a foot chopped off to demonstrate the power the Spanish had over these native people. Today, Onate is seen as a controversial figure who had both good and bad attributes. Yet, he is a significant figure because Onate brought Hispanic culture, language, and religion to the Southwest region of the United States. Onate is also known as the founder of the first European settlements in the upper Rio Grande valley of New Mexico. However, his act of brutally killing many people is remembered in great detail and serves as a lesson that should never reoccur.
Pueblo Revolt
In the late 1600s, the Indian leader “Pope,” organized an attack against the Spanish who took his peoples land, forced the Natives to convert to Catholicism, and separated families. During this time, the Spanish were short on supplies, therefore, Pueblo joined forces with other natives and set a blockade around the city for nine days. The Pueblo as a whole killed 400 Spaniards, destroyed missionary churches and cut off the Spaniards water supply. As a result, the Spaniards left the town alone for 12 years. The revolt is very significant due to the fact that it was the first time natives successfully rebelled against the Spanish. Although the Spaniards did return in 1692, the lesson had already been learned and they were less presumptuous towards the Indians. The Spanish understood that they could not treat the Indians like they had in the past.
King Philips; War
In the early 1670s, the fifty-year peaceful pact between the Wampanoag Indians and the Plymouth colony began to fall apart when the colony began to grow, finding the need to expand. The Wampanoag were seen as threat and were ordered by the English to give up their weapons. To try to keep peace, the Indians obeyed and did as the English asked. Shortly after, an incident arose where three Wampanoag were convicted of crimes against the colonists by the English and as a result were executed. This incident angered “King Philip” and he ordered a raid against the English and destroyed some of the settlements, killing English colonists. The English then fought back and destroyed several Indian villages and resulted in the death of King Philip. Both sides had numerous massacres and for this reason this is known as one of the bloodiest war’s in United States history. The war was significant because it ended in annihilation of many families and communities from both Indians and American colonist. The devastation took decades to recuperate from the death, land damage, and money lost due to military expenditures.