Essay: Ebola virus

The Ebola virus was first detected in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
What are the symptoms of Ebola virus?
The disease by the Ebola virus is a severe acute viral disease that usually manifests clinically initially with fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. Later it evolves with vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, kidney and liver failure and bleeding symptoms.
In patients develop end-stage organ failure that can progress to death or recovery from the second week of evolution.
What is the mortality rate of Ebola virus?
The mortality rate of the Ebola virus is between 50 and 90%.
What is the incubation period of Ebola virus?
Inclubación period of Ebola virus interval from infection to onset of symptoms)
It is between 2 and 21 days after exposure.
How is Ebola virus spread?
Ebola virus, ebola, ebola prevention, symptoms of Ebola virus, Ebola symptomsThe  Ebola virus  is initially transmitted by wild animals and spreads in human populations by transmission from person to person.
direct contact with blood, secretions or body fluids (urine, semen, saliva, breast milk, sweat, feces), tissues or organs of infected persons living or dead. The start of the transmissibility is related viremia (amount of virus in blood) and the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease. Transmissibility increases as the disease progresses.
Direct contact with objects that have become contaminated with body fluids of patients (needles, syringes, clothing).
Transmission through sexual contact. Infection may occur up to 7 weeks after clinical recovery.
Contact with live or dead infected animals. In Africa they have documented cases associated with the handling of chimpanzees, gorillas, bats, monkeys, antelopes and porcupines infected infection.
Burial ceremonies in which they have direct contact with the body can also cause transmission.
Infection of health workers to treat patients with Ebola virus disease has been prevalent when there has been close contact and have not been strictly observed precautions for infection control.
How long is contagious infected by the Ebola virus patient?
While a patient is infectious Ebola virus is present in blood and secretions. Semen virus can persist up to 7 weeks after being asymptomatic.
Asymptomatic patients do not transmit the disease.
What are the geographic areas affected by the ebola virus?
Geographical areas affected by the ebola virus are:
Guinea Conakry
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Ecuador Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Lakes and Rivers states in Nigeria
When should you suspect a case of Ebola virus disease?
It should be suspected in a patient with fever> 37,7º who has visited the affected areas in the 21 days prior to onset of symptoms or have been in contact with a confirmed case or investigation or their body fluids or biological samples. They have to meet the epidemiological and clinical criteria.
Epidemiological criteria of Ebola virus:
Have at least one of the following history of possible exposure in the 21 days prior to onset of symptoms:
Stay in one of the affected areas where there has been transmission of Ebola virus disease.
Contact with a case (in research or confirmed) or their body fluids or biological samples.
Clinical criteria of Ebola virus:
Patient with fever> 37,7º and any of the following symptoms; severe headache, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, any form of hemorrhagic manifestation unexplained or multiple organ failure.
How to survive the Ebola virus in the environment?
The Ebola virus can survive in dried fluids or materials for several days. Inactivated with ultraviolet radiation and gamma, heating for 60 minutes at 60 ° or boiling for 5 minutes. They are sensitive to bleach and disinfectant. Refrigeration or freezing does not inactivate these viruses.
Ebola virus, Ebola prevention of Ebola virus Ebola virus Ebola symptoms, symptoms of EbolaCan there be asymptomatic cases of Ebola virus?
In Africa there have been several cases of asymptomatic infection in workers who have had contact with infected pigs or monkeys but have been in healthy male adults and so can not be extrapolated to all population groups as immunosuppressed, pregnant women, children …
How the diagnosis of Ebola virus is done?
Before diagnosis be ruled out that the patient has malaria, typhoid, leptospirosis, plague, rickettsial diseases, meningitis, hepatitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers.
The disease caused by Ebola virus can only be definitively diagnosed by laboratory tests such as PCR, ELISA, antigen detection or virus isolation.
How the Ebola virus prevented?
There is still no vaccine for Ebola virus or for people or animals so that disinfection and cleaning are very important. It is considered that the bleach and other detergent are effective to inactivate the virus. If it is suspected that there has been an outbreak premises where animals have been infected should be quarantined.
To reduce the risk of transmission to humans may be necessary to slaughter infected animals, closely monitoring the burial or cremation of the dead.
In Africa when outbreaks occur sick of Ebola virus is recommended wearing gloves and other protective clothing when handling animals and also to serve patients. You need to wash your hands regularly.
Health workers who care for patients with suspected or confirmed by the Ebola virus must have other precautions to avoid any exposure to blood or body fluids contaminated. When you have close contact (within 1 meter) with sick should use personal protective equipment consisting of surgical masks, double gloves, disposable long – sleeved robe covering clothing and impervious in case there is contact with blood or fluids and preferably with rear opening, pants that are waterproof knee, eye protection if risk of exposure to blood or fluids with glasses or facial mask and cap if risk of exposure to fluids.
What is the treatment of Ebola virus?
No specific treatment or vaccine for people or animals. Several are being tested but no curative or preventive treatment has yet demonstrated clear effectiveness.
Severe cases require intensive care. The patients are frequently dehydrated and require oral rehydration and intravenous.