Essay: American industrial history

Entry 1
History experts refer to the money-saving changes that happened on the 19th century as what?  Money-saving changes during the 19th century were referred to as the market revolution. The market revolution brought big changes to the U.S. There was forward movement with both communication and transportation. This was a big change to that of colonial times, where all manufacturing was done manually.
Entry 2
What replaced craft production in the industry? Factories were what were in replacement of mostly fabric industry. These factories would gather a group of laborers supervised centrally, and replace manual manufacturing devices with machine driven equipment. Samuel Slater was the first person to establish a factory in the U.S. This was done in 1790. Slater was English and built something completely from memory alone, called a “Spinning-Jenny”. This was done so that Slater did not have to be subject to breaking laws that prohibited the sending of industrial machinery plans. There would in time be factories built in the United States, but he made it a rushed process by going around the laws that were in place. The fist large scale factory was in Waltham, MA, where cotton was weaved back in 1814.
Entry 3
What was it that John Quincy Adams, who was at the time, a secretary for President Monroe, fear that Spain would accomplish?  John Quincy Adams had a fear of Spain regaining its prior groups.  What did John Quincy Adams accomplish for the president in 1823? Adams created a speech that was known as the Monroe Doctrine. The Idea/belief stated that the U.S. would argue against any future efforts by any European power in the the Americas, Completely avoid involvement in Europe’s wars and prevent European nations from interfering with the new Latin American nations. What did the Idea/belief say about the Old and New World? It was thought that there were different political and polite systems. It was also stated that the role of the most in control/most common power in the Americas for the U.S.
Entry 4
Did Caucasian families in the south own slaves? Because of the fact that planters had the greatest land, the answer is clearly no.  The majority of Caucasian small farmers resided in other locations than the plantation belt, in areas that weren’t optimal for cotton growth. They worked their lands in conjunction with members of their families as opposed to slaves or wageworkers. The majority was self-sufficient, in poverty, and many times illiterate as compared to that of the farmers of the North. The south did not develop industry because It was partly due to the fact that the southern farmers did not provide a market for manufactured goods. The small farms shared the same ideas as the planters.  Despite resenting the planters because of their economic and political power, the small farmers shared the planters’ racial identity, business ties, and common political culture and kinship ties. Many of the farmer also believed their economic and personal freedom rested on slavery
Entry 5
What was the meaning of slavery to the slaves themselves? Slavery was devastating.  It meant incessant toil, hard punishment, and constant fear for their families. They were legally the property, owned, and had very few rights. At any time, they could be purchased or put up for sale. This usually ended up in the families being torn apart for lack of caring on the owners behalf. Did slaves have a voice in political matters? Slaves has no say in any form of government matters. They were not allowed to testify in court against whites, sign contracts or buy any property.  They could not purchase or own firearms, have meetings with whites, or leave the farm or plantation without permission from their owner. Was it illegal for slaves to receive an education? During the 1830s, it became illegal to teach slaves how to read and write. These laws were not always enforced; however the entire southern legal and government system was designed to enforced the slave masters’ complete control over the slaves.
Entry 6
How many reform communities were established before the Civil War? About 100 were established. These communities varied in structure and motivation. Charismatic leader led some and others were democratic. Even though most were religiously motivated, some had secular origins in desires to reverse social and economic changes caused by the market revolution. Yet, nearly all of the communities wanted to make society cooperative, restoring social harmony in an individualistic society, and closing the widening gap between rich and poor. The communities’ efforts to own productive property communally rather than as individuals introduced socialism and communism to America’s political language. Most of the communities also attempted to transform the gender roles and marriage patterns during that time period.
Entry 7
What was the first region Mexico to be settled by large numbers of Americans? Texas was the first region of northern Mexico that was settled by Americans. Why did the Mexican Government accept Moses Austin’s offer? They were hoping to develop the area so they allowed the Americans to colonize the area. Moses Austin received a large land grant, and his son Stephen Austin sold it to the settlers. What events started to build tension between the settlers and Mexico?  The Americans outnumbered the Tejanos by 1830. When this happened, Mexico decided to prohibit any more American immigration into Texas. The American settlers demanded for self-government within Mexico. Another thing that built tensions was slavery. Mexico had already abolished slavery; however, the Texas local authorities had allowed Americans to bring their slaves with me. These events would causes Mexico to try to impose their laws on the settlers, which would lead to battle for Texas’ independence.
Entry 8
What was called the first modern war? The American Civil War has been dubbed the first modern war. It was the first time mass armies battled with weapons forged by the industrial revolution. The amount of casualties is unmatched in American history. As the distinction between military and civilian targets diminished, the war became a conflict between societies. What were the populations of both sides? The North, the Union, and the loyal border states had a population of 22 million. The South, the Confederacy, had only about 9 million, which of 3.5 million were slaves. What ere the advantages of the Union? The union had more manufacturing, railroad track and financial resources. However, they need to invade and conquer a huge area to beat the Confederacy. The Confederates could lose many battles but still win by exhausting the Union.
Entry 9
How did each side try to exploit its advantages? The South adopted a defensive strategy to wear down the North. The North used its better manpower and technology. Did the north always used its manpower to the fullest? The northern army started off as small at first. Its officers and leadership were poor and it was focused on capturing Richmond, which was the Confederacy’s capital. President Lincoln realized that capturing and occupying land would not be enough to win and that they would have to defeat the Southern army if they wanted to win. Lincoln’s embrace of emancipation acknowledged that slavery was the basis of the Confederacy, and to win the conflict, the union had to make the economic and social foundation of the South a military target.
Entry 10
Did the former slaves want the right to vote? Yes, it inevitable in a society where political in participation was central to freedom. After the war ended, the free blacks and former slaves forced themselves into the public sphere, meetings, petitioning, and demanding the right to vote and they also organized their own political groups and candidates. Blacks also started to celebrate the Fourth of July, while white southern began to shun the holiday. Why was landownership at the core of the former slaves’ sense of freedom? The freed slaves wanted to acquire land because they hoped to create a life and communities beyond the reach and the interference of the white Americans. Some former slaves thought that they had earned the rights to the land because of their unpaid labor.