Abstract
This paper provides an overview of different routing protocols designed for WiMAX and also the review of comparative performance analysis of different routing protocols named AODV, DSDV and DSR. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a wireless dissemination technology based on the IEEE 802.16 standards. WiMAX works as an alternative to cable and DSL to provide wireless data over long distances in various ways using point-to-point links. NS2 (Network Simulator Version-2) is used to simulate the network scenario and performance analysis has been done on the basis of performance matrix, which includes packet delivery fraction (PDF), throughput, end-to-end delay and the number of packets have been dropped.
Keywords – WiMAX; AODV; DSDV; DSR; NS2
I. Introduction
Nowadays wire-line infrastructure uses DSL, T1 or cable-modem based connections to provide broadband Internet connections. As compared to wireless, wire-line infrastructures are most costly and time dominating to set up. To provide broadband services in rural areas and developing countries, installation of necessary equipment such as optical fibers, copper-wires or other infrastructures results in low profit [5].
WiMAX is an acronym for “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access”. WiMAX is a wireless dissemination system that is designed for wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), is also known as IEEE 802.16 [1]. WiMAX is a standard based wireless broadband technology that provides high throughput and high bandwidth up to 30 to 40 megabit per second data rates broadband connections over a long distance but with 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbits per second for fixed networks. WiMAX has many advantages in transmission speed and coverage area as compared to WLAN. WiMAX was constructed by the WiMAX forum, which was developed in June 2011 to avail observance and interoperability of the standard. The forum narrates WiMAX as “a standard based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband accesses as an alternative to cable and DSL” [2]. The earliest version of WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 and is optimized for fixed and roaming access, which is further extended to support portability and mobility based on IEEE 802.16e, also known as Mobile WiMAX [5]. WiMAX can be set up for various applications such as Cellular Backhaul, Last Mile, Broadband ‘On-Demand’, residential broadband, hotspots, and high-speed internet access for networks users and underserved areas. WiMAX has many advantages like full support for WMAN services, improved user connectivity, longer range, higher throughput, ensures interoperability, easy installation, higher quality of services (QoS) and no requirement for line-of-sight (LOS). WiMAX also has some disadvantages like some environmental conditions (weather, Terrain, and large buildings) can reduce maximum range of communication, reduction in data throughput by interfering other wireless electronics in WiMAX connections, for long distance communication (5-30 mile) line-of-sight (LOS) is required [2].
The paper is organized as the literature review considered in this paper is given in Section 2 and section 3 gives the overview of different routing protocols. Research methodology is given in Section 4. The conclusion of work is given in Section 5.
II. Literature Review
This section gives a brief review of the literature on the performance analysis of different reactive and proactive routing protocols in WiMAX scenario.
Madhusrhee B et al. [3] investigated the performance of three routing protocols (AODV, DSDV and AOMDV) for a wired-cum-wireless WiMAX scenario and also implement the structures of physical and MAC layer including 802.16e mobility extension. The performance analysis for each routing is based on throughput with a different number of mobile nodes or subscriber stations. The author used IEEE 802.16 standard (802.16-2004) and 8012e-2005 mobile extension to implement the prototype. The front-end language of NS2 is Tool Command Language (TCL) which is used to create the wired-cum-wireless scenario for WiMAX environment or network. In the TCL script, TCP and CBR links are defined between wired and wireless mobile nodes. In the first scenario; there is one wired node (sink) which is connected to the five mobile nodes in the wireless domain and in the second scenario; ten mobile nodes are connected to the base station node (BS). These base stations permit packets to be transmitted between the nodes and also works as a gateway between wired and wireless spheres. The throughput of the WiMAX network is analyzed by implementing AODV, DSDV