Wireless Mobile & Communications Coursework.
As an alternative to programming in addition to the lab functionality program for higher marks you will need to provide an essay detailing the current and future trends in the 4G/5G mobile network technologies and what it would mean for the future of mobile networking.
Typically, able to relate facts/ concepts together with some ability to apply to known / taught contexts
The essay should concentrate on the technical side of the recent developments – what are the technical parameters of the new generation of mobile technologies are and what do they mean for a new generation of applications.
What is 4G?
4G is the current technology used in mobile network technology it is the latest and fastest available it succeeds the 3G network. 4G LTE aims to offer users faster, more reliable mobile broadband internet for devices like smartphones, tablets and laptops. It is said to be around up to 5 times faster than its predecessor 3G and can in theory provide speeds of up to 100Mbps which is unlikely to be reached by any device.
More demanding tasks such as video streaming require an average speed of 3.5 Mbps and 3G standards included up to 3 Mbps in the UK. 4G allows for a home broadband type of experience allowing up to 12 Mbps and 8 at minimum. Also, pictures and videos will improve in upload speeds significantly compared to 3G.
The main reason for this includes 4G having OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) technology like that of which is found in Wi-Fi, ADSL technology. And the use of multiple input and output (MiMO) this is simply the use of multiple antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance.
MIMO allows for more data to be transferred without requiring additional bandwidth or drawing more power. 2×2 MIMO is found in most smartphones and some tablets.
4G's showcase download speed is 100Mbps and a cool 50Mbps for upload. This makes 4G is more than twice as fast as the latest 3G technology and many more times faster than previous versions.
When 4G first rolled out its services were exclusive to EE till other networks were allowed to use its service later on as EE bought its services to become a monopoly service to its customers and new interests alike.
Ofcom allowed EE 4G access ahead of other networks because EE owned 1800MHz spectrum which it could use for 4G services and also to simply have 4G launched in the UK as soon as possible for people to benefit from the faster speeds.
What is 5G and what to expect?
5G is a term used to describe the forthcoming fifth generation of mobile network technology. Not much is known about the next generation of mobile networks but instantly assumed 5G technology will be quicker than the current 4G standard as 3G was. Claims of speeds of up to 10Gbps from Nokia and 7.5Gbps from Samsung boasting low latency and high capacity.
This means not only will there be quicker download and upload speeds. The biggest issue now with 3G and 4G standards includes the lack of bandwidth available as these mobile networks are currently over crowded with users.
5G can be expected to roll out in 2020 with limited capabilities in London and offers enormous potential for both consumers and industry as well as being considerably faster too, it’s not new technology that is completely new and out of the blue, plans have been put in place to have this technology out and ready in time for when it is needed, plans have been in motion for years to upgrade the mobile network with Huawei introducing plans for 2018 to have a working standard up and running but that doesn’t necessarily mean this will be released in the year stated.
There are currently two definitions of how 5G can be led one which consists of the current technology in 2G, 3G and Wi-Fi technologies all interlinked into one new technology that offers a more efficient service, greater coverage and always-on reliability, and the other being a second view driven by a change in direction and opting for speed and order of magnitude and reduction in end to end latency. These can often be contradictory though.
Current and future trends in the 4G/5G mobile network technologies?
Wireless communication technologies started in the early 1970s, currently 4th generation is the most commonly used mobile network technology with plans in place for the next generation being paved along the way for 5g.
Fifth generation wireless mobile communication systems offer very high bandwidth that user never experienced before and it gives new advanced features which makes it most powerful and in huge demand in the future.
‘The current trends of different wireless and mobile communications technologies are present such as third generation mobile networks
shows the evolution of mobile communication systems with more services, data, use and benefits to the upcoming generation over 4G.5G will be smarter technology with no limits and to interconnect the whole world without limits’
What it would mean for the future of mobile networking?
It would mean further growth for 4G technologies and an increase in the adaptation of 4G in many countries and account for $1.7 trillion the world’s mobile operators will invest between now and 2020. Mobile network operators will continue to focus on generating a return on investment from their 4G (and 3G) networks by developing new services and tariffing models that make most efficient use of them.
‘Technologies such as NFV/SDN and HetNets are already being deployed by operators and will continue to enable the move towards the hyper-connected society alongside
developments in 5G’
The hope for wireless mobile networks can be completely wireless communication without limitation. 5g is based on 4G technologies and will be supported by Large area synchronized code-division multiple access. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) other technologies of similar nature and IPv6. Unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcasts together are one of the things advertised in promoting 5g.
In the fifth generation expected requirements are increased maximum throughput and other includes:
Very low battery power consumption.
Worldwide wireless web (WWWW).
Cheaper traffic fees due to low infra structure deployment costs.
High data rate
Better coverage at cell end.
Multiple data transfer paths.
Every mobile in a 5G technology will have an IP (IPV6) address (IPV6) according to the location and network being used.
Continuing development of mobile network technologies
4G will continue to develop its mobile experience for its customers, LTE technologies are continuing to develop through 4G. Fourth generation technology may provide peak data rate of 1Gbps for downlink and 500Mbps for Uplink.
5G is used to hold these technologies. However it is important to clarify that these will continue independently on their own and not coinciding with 4G technologies.
All services of 5G are going to be accessed by a single IP as telephones, gaming and other applications.
5G will use technology from multiple carriers LTE-A, NFV/SDN, HetNets and LPLT networks
will form to be an integral part of mobile networking.
LTE has a great potential for future growth, it currently accounts for 5% of the worlds
mobile network connections. Data speeds continue to grow and LTE will most likely adopt
multi carrier technologies. This will allow the technology to progress with the current 5G
technology.
The GSMA will continue to work with its members to shape the future of 5G
Whichever form 5G eventually takes, the GSMA, as the association representing the mobile
industry, looks forward to contributing to the development of a 5G ecosystem through
co
llaboration and thought leadership. The GSMA’s focus is on:
applications’
definition of 5G technologies by industry groups such as 3GPP, NGMN and ITU-R, and
contributing to the various working groups in these areas’
•’ identifying requirements around roaming and interconnect’
spectrum bands for its operation, and working with governments around the world to
ensure international alignment within those bands’
committees, industry workshops, Mobile World Congress etc’
The gradual shift to next generation networks can only be achieved through excellent
industry-wide collaboration. The GSMA will continue communicating through subsequent
papers to influence the strategic direction of 5G development, as the business case and
technical requirements for 5G become clearer. In order to realise the immense opportunity
that 5G represents for the industry, the GSMA will do all it can to ensure that the next
generation of telecommunications deliver innovation and consumer benefits in an
economically viable way.
GSMA Intelligence Understanding 5G
Conclusion
Examining the current and previous performance of the wireless mobile communication system, it was discovered that they are still unable to solve the unending problems of poor coverage, bad interconnectivity, flexibility and poor quality of service. The main advantage of fifth generation will revolutionizes the field of wireless communications domain to a completely new features and services making the world a smaller place to live. For the future generation the 5G technology helps to promote stronger links between people working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile communications, nanotechnology, cloud computing and internet service. In 5G technology expecting more bandwidth would not be the answer but utilizing the existing bandwidth through innovative network design is need of the hour. In 5G expecting the network management modules need to more intelligent i.e., cognitive software will make the task of radio resource scheduling simpler.
References:
http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/feature/mobile-phone/what-is-4g-complete-guide-4g-3403880/
http://www.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-5g-a-rough-guide-to-the-next-generation-of-mobile-networks
http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jece/papers/Vol.%2010%20Issue%202/Version-2/D010221620.pdf
https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=141208-5g.pdf&download