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Essay: Dye solution

23 July 202416 June 2012 by Essay Sauce

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1. THE DYE

The tincture is “a liquid containing a dye in solution,” according to Salvat encyclopedia[1]

2. HISTORY OF DYES

The art of dyeing has its origins in antiquity. The Egyptians used indigo dyes over 5,000 years ago.

The Phoenicians also applied dyes fourteen centuries before Christ. Among the dyes was the famous Phoenician purple, which was used in the city of Tyre.

Before 1850 the only known use of natural dyes, but in that decade was used picric acid, the first artificial dye.

Other artificial dyes discovered in chronological order:

YEAR	DYE	DISCOVERER
1856	Malveína, derived from tar	Perkin
1863	Aniline black	Lightfoot
1864	Blue solid first acid dye	Expensive
1868	Synthetic alizarin	Graebe and Liebermann
1890	Synthesis of Indigo	Heummann
1893	Sulfur	Vidal

Today, natural dyes have been supplied by the artificial, to ensure easy application and get pale colors are achieved with the combination with other materials.

3. DYES

a. natural dyes

The most numerous known natural dyes come from the plant kingdom and among them are:

• Indigo
• Blonde
• Quercitron
• Oak bark
• Guts
• Aloe
• Turmeric
• Orchilla
• Clubs in Brazil
• Campeche
• Sandalwood
• Amaranth

The main dyestuffs in the animal kingdom are:

• Cochineal
• Purple
• Kermes

Also the mineral kingdom are coloring matter, which consisted of stones and sprayed land.

b. artificial dyes

Most artificial dyes used in textile industries are coal tar derivatives.

In 1856 WH Perkin was the first synthetic dye mauve, purple or malve�na aniline. This discovery was the basis for dyeing industry that took place in England, spread to France and then had a great development in Germany and the United States.

Among the derivatives of coal tar is benzene, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, and anthracene. These products are subjected to complicated procedures and chemical reactions that result in a long series of coloring materials.

Artificial dyes are divided into numerous chemical classes which in turn are divided into industrial classes that are used in dyeing. Among the industrial classes include basic dyes which can be directly dyed wool and silk. Acid dyes are used for dyeing fibers of animal origin. The azo dyes and sulfur are brightly colored cotton and permanent.

For nylon and rayon acetate dyes are used.

4. Dyeing AND CODE SAC

NO.	Dyestuff	CODE SAC
1	Corn oil	1806.20.10
2	Dried seaweed Alumina (dried aluminum hydroxide)	2818.30.00
3	henna	3203.00.00
4	Annatto (achiote) and water-soluble oil	32.04
5	azo	32.04
6	Campeche	3203.00.00
7	Candy Carmine (Cochineal Extract)	3203.00.00
8	Calcium carbonate (molluscs, corals, eggshell)	3203.00.00
9	copper	2603.00.00
10	Cochineal	3203.00.00
11	Bixin dye soluble acid (Achiote)	3204.13.00
12	Crocus, saffron	3203.00.00
13	Cromium-Cobalt-Aluminum Oxide	2818.20.00
14	Turmeric Titanium Dioxide	3206.11.00
15	tin	8007.00.20
16	Ferrocyanide	3206.49.20
17	Corn Grain	3203.00.00
18	Ground Cotton Sheet	3203.00.00
19	leucoantidanjdinas in plants of the genus irridigofera	3203.00.00
20	Chamomile	3203.00.00
21	naphthalene	2707.40.00
22	Carbon black	4402.90.00
23	Turmeric Oleoresin	3203.00.00
24	Paprika Oleoresin	3203.00.00
25	Paprika	3203.00.00
26	Pyrophyllite	3802.90.10
27	Silver Óxito	2616.10.00
28	lead	28.24
29	Beet powder	7.6
30	blonde	3203.00.00
31	Rhubarb	3203.00.00
32	Potassium or sodium salt (grapes)	2837.19.00
33	Sage	3203.00.00
34	Talc	2526.10.00
35	benzene	2707.10.00
36	toluene	2707.20.00
37	xylene	2707.30.00
38	Fluorescent dyes	3204.90.00
39	polyesters based dyes	3208.1
40	black printing inks	3215.11
41	printing inks for screen printing	3215.11.30
42	aluminum powder dispersed in nonaqueous medium	3212.90.20