Coach-Athlete Communication: Coaching Style, Leadership Characteristics, and Psychological Outcomes:
The article, Coach-Athlete Communication: Coaching Style, Leadership Characteristics, and Psychological Outcomes, shows the importance of coaches to be able to form healthy relationships with their players. The reason as to why creating a healthy relationship is so that players feel a sense of closeness and improve their perception of the coach. Effective communication between all individuals involved can help the satisfaction of the training and much more just by achieving proper communication tactics. This article explains different theories such as Self-Determination Theory and the Multi-Dimensional Model of Leadership Theory, and how they relate to the art of coaching. When the theories are examined and explained, people are then put into categories of the models, which are then broken down to see who falls into which theory. Within the article the author explains to readers that however a message is received by players all depends on the open, and trustworthy relationship that the coach and player have formed. The author has clearly depicted ways to successfully achieve proper communication with players, and also includes examples of negative communication that can be detrimental to healthy relationships.
Analysis:
The article is beneficial in regards to learning as to what theories fall into the category of coaching and what communication strategies are most beneficial over others. The authors research is really great and gives the reader different examples that dive into the said theory that they are talking about, which helps the reader connect with the text.
Cited:
West, LaShell (2016), Coach-Athlete Communication: Coaching Style, Leadership Characteristics, and Psychological Outcomes, Scholar works @BGSU, 1-71, https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=hmsls_mastersprojects
Key Words: Multi-Dimensional Model, Self Determination Theory, Trustworthy, Effective Communication, Satisfaction
The Impact of Leadership Behavior on Satisfaction of College Tennis Players: A Test of the Leadership Behavior Congruency Hypothesis of the Multidimensional Model of Leadership:
The article focuses on the importance of a coaches behavior and the impact their behavior has on their players. The Multidimensional Model of Leadership alludes that the leaders behavior can influence group performance and member satisfaction. A certain way a coach presents him or herself to their players can have control on how the players will receive the information. The article talks about research that researches completed on 148 collegiate tennis players around the country but their findings were inconclusive. Researchers proceeded with the data that they knew and proceeded the research with DI, DII, and DIII coaches and their players. The total coaching tally was 1025 people which received surveys to complete to answer questions about their relationship with their coaches. The data showed different categories of people that responded more often and how many answered a certain way. The research found that preferred and perceived behavior from coaches impacted satisfaction and individual performance, personal treatment, team performance, and training and instruction. In addition, the study found that preferred, perceived training and instruction behavior predicted satisfaction with personal treatment.
Analysis:
The article was very interesting and I enjoyed learning about the impact collegiate tennis players thought that coaches had an affect on them. The studies were interesting and supported the fact that coaches have more of an impact on their players mental wellness and athletic ability than they know. Not only does this affect tennis players but it also affects every athlete that plays a sport with a coach. A critique that I have would be that it would be interesting if they did a article on the affect the multidimensional theory has on in the workplace because the leadership aspect affect the workforce the same amount if not more than those in athletics.
Cited:
Andrew, D. P. S. (2009). The impact of leadership behavior on satisfaction of college tennis players: A test of the leadership behavior congruency hypothesis of the multidimensional model of leadership. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(3), 261-277. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/215875034?accountid=100
Key Words: Performance, Satisfaction, Collegiate Tennis Players, Preferred, Perceived behavior
Athlete leadership dispersion and satisfaction in interactive sport teams
The article focuses on leadership within teams and what the leadership role means using the model of leadership theory model. Not all leaders within a team have to be the coach and this article talks more about the leaders of a team besides just the coaches. Researchers conducted a study to show the formal and informal roles within a team by giving their participants a survey. The participants included 218 intercollegiate athletes who were asked a series of questions before and after the end of their seasons to see who they thought were informal and formal leaders among their teams. The researchers findings were really interesting and concluded that people with all three leadership functions were satisfied with their teams balance, whereas teams that didn’t have people who portrayed all three leadership functions were not satisfied with the imbalance. This directly correlates with the multi-dimensional theory by explaining that the actions of one can directly impact the teams performance.
Analysis:
The article explains and correlates well with the Multi-dimensional theory with does explain that the actions of a leader can make or break a team’s success. I think that the research should have included specific athletes and what sport they were on. The impact of leaders could vary from team to team due to the fact that everyone needs something different from their leaders. Throughout the leadership model, it shows how important it is to have a positive relationship between the leaders and the rest of the team so that team satisfaction is as great as it can be.
Cited:
Eyes, Mark. A.(2007). Athlete leadership dispersion and satisfaction in interactive
sport teams, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Psychology of Sport and
Exercise 8,
281–296,https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1469029206000513/1-s2.0-S14690292060005
13-main.pdf?_tid=379e55da-75ef-4961-a5ca-3e37f0118be8&acdnat=155102931
5_a2a00206f6c6fd75c141c6419ab825eb
Key Words: Formal, Informal roles among a team, Correlation with multi-dimensional theory, 3 leadership functions, Coach
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CONGRUENCE OF REQUIRED AND PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND SATISFACTION IN ATHLETES.
This article did a study to explore the similarities of perceived and required leadership and the correlation between athlete satisfaction in a Chinese community. The article focuses on the Multi-Dimensional Theory, but mentions other common theories that fall into the art of coaching. Multi-Dimensional theory is most commonly used because it explains the three aspects of leadership behavior: actual leadership behavior, preferred leadership behavior, and required leadership behavior. Different aspects of the theory are prefered by different parts of a team which is explained into further depth within the article. Researchers conducted a study with men and women DI volleyball players at the collegiate level. The study asked the players a series of questions about their satisfaction with the team/sport, demographic variables, etc.. while their coaches and athletic directors were not present. The study found that similarities between the perceived and required positive feedback did indeed have correlation with an athletes satisfaction.
Analysis:
The research conducted in this experiment only included chinese individuals which was interesting but I would like to see if there would be a difference in their finding if they did a widespread search. The findings were similar to other research studies, but this study included other types of leadership theories which helps to better understand the Multi dimensional theory of leadership model.
Cited:
Psychology; data from national taipei university of education provide new insights into psychology (relationships between the congruence of required and perceived leadership behavior and satisfaction in athletes). (2016, Jan 16). Psychology & Psychiatry Journal Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1754164535?accountid=100
Key Words: Actual leadership behavior, preferred leadership behavior, required leadership behavior, DI Volleyball players, Study
The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure
This paper dives into what servant leadership is and how servant leadership supports the multidimensional leadership theory. Servant leadership is categorized as being more ethical and a people-centered theory. This theory puts an extra emphasis on having followers along with having a servant leader that is genuinely concerned for their followers. This relates to sports in many ways to having a servant leader among the team. The article focus on the servant leadership aspect and how servant leadership can have an impact on the individual and organizational aspect, which can have an impact on training and leadership development amongst individuals in everyday life as well as in a team setting.
Analysis:
I enjoyed the simplicity of the article and how easy it was to understand. This article makes complete sense in the way they delivered the content to their audience. I wish that they would have used specific sports in their research so that their audience can connect to the study better but other than that the content was really great.
Cited:
Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The Servant Leadership Survey: Development
and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. Journal of Business & Psychology, 26(3),
249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Key Words: Servant Leadership, people-centered, followers, individual and organizational aspect, impact training and leadership development
Employee Satisfaction in Sport: Development of a Multi-Dimensional Model in Coaching.
The article explains that satisfaction in the workplace directly correlates with the performance of the employee. Employee and players on a team have the same correlation because essentially both are employees for different employers. The article explains different theorist that have different opinions on the level of satisfaction and what a specific level means for the individuals performance. Understanding the sub culture of coaching helps to establish expectations for their profession, so that they can meet expectations and become satisfied with their jobs. The article talked about whether or not someone was satisfied with their career and if they were, there satisfaction would trickle down to others and help others satisfaction as well. This directly correlates to coaching with having the ability to determine whether or not their players are going to enjoy their experience on the team or not.
Analysis:
The article is similar to others in the sense of an individual’s satisfaction with their job has direct correlation on if others are going to enjoy their experience or not. This is really interesting regards satisfaction because that has never crossed my mind that one’s satisfaction can enhance or hurt someone else’s opinion.
Cited:
Dixon, M. A., & Warner, S. M. (2010). Employee satisfaction in sport: Development of a
multi-dimensional model in coaching. Journal of Sport Management, 24(2), 139. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/195555360?accountid=100
Key Words: Satisfaction, workplace, unsatisfaction, performance, career
Multidimensional Model of Sport Leadership
The article describes the multidimensional model of leadership (MML) and what this model does. The model focuses not only on the leader or the member, but also on the situation. MML adds a unique feature as it includes all three states of leader behaviors: Required behavior, preferred behavior and the actual behavior. An important feature of this model is that all three states must be congruent with each other in order to obtain the desired outcome; Hence, if there is a discrepancy between two of the models, that would diminish performance or satisfaction. Furthermore, if there is a continued discrepancy between actual leader behavior and the other two states of leader behavior, leadership at that point would become unattainable. On the other hand, the article also points out that if the leader feels like the performance was below expectations, the leader may begin to exhibit or lead in a task-oriented way whereas if the morale of the team is low, the leader must act more interpersonally. The article concludes by introducing what is known as the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). This model was developed by P. Chelladurai and it is used to measure the three forms of leader behavior contained in the model.
Analysis:
The article was interesting and gave the background of the different models and what each part of the model meant. I enjoyed how the author explained what the model was but also included the Leadership Scale for Sports or LSS to explain how they measure the three forms of leadership behavior inside the model.
Cited:
Rodrigues, V. d. M., & Saldanha, A. A. W. (2016). Leadership and satisfaction in young athletes: Testing the hypothesis of congruence of the multidimensional model of leadership. Psicologia : Ciencia e Profissao, 36(3), 653-667. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703001492014
Key Words: Performance, Satisfaction, Below Expectations, Leadership scale for sports, Multi-dimensional model of leadership
LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL ROLE AMBIGUITY PERCEPTIONS IN TEAM SPORTS
This article explains about role ambiguity and how it translates into any interdependent group including sport teams, military units, and medical teams. The article points out that even though role ambiguity has been extensively studied and developed across various fields, it has not been translated into the context of small groups or teams. According to the article, Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron recently developed a conceptual model for the study of role ambiguity within sports teams. The results are ambiguous as the research found that role ambiguity perceptions differ according to gender and starting status. The main purpose of the study was to dig into the relationship between coaching behaviors and athletes’ experiences. The research or study concludes pointing out that starters are provided with greater opportunities to practice their role responsibilities in comparison to nonstarters. As a result, nonstarters may attribute their experience to their coaches’ leadership behaviors rather than other causes. Thus, starting players may have higher degrees of role ambiguity regardless of the amount of time the coach spends working with them by the simple fact that they are provided with real opportunities to practice their role responsibilities.
Analysis:
The article is all about role ambiguity and how role ambiguity can relate to sports and playing time. The article explains that the starters on a team are provided with greater opportunities to practice their responsibilities rather than those who do not start. This is really interesting and explains why starting players tend to have a higher degree of role ambiguity or self belonging just for the mere fact that they are able to practice their responsibilities.
Cited:
Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., Eys, M. A., & Carron, A. V. (2005). Leadership
behaviors and multidimensional role ambiguity perceptions in team sports.Small Group Research, 36(1), 5-20. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496404266684
Key Words: Interdependent groups, role ambiguity, conceptual model for the study of role ambiguity within sports teams, greater opportunities, sports teams