Executive summary:
Over a decade the management in organisation put most important part in running an organisation. Recently few years’ project management have highlighted the concept and effect of management in 21st century and there are no ways some one can deny that, because as an advance technology spread all over the world, the need of management has been expands in the organisation. Every entity in the management provides value to the stake holder. Management deal with the risk and involves those entire factors which take an active part in running the organisation smoothly in this competitive environment. Management always set values among the gaol, growth and risk. There are many factors which involve in running an organisation, in some way can say that they correlate each other and cannot separate each other. The first part of this case study refers to project management and effective management, along with the important of human resource department in the organisation. The organisation cannot achieve its goal, if he has no leader who can drive and motive the people in achieving the project, therefore second part of this case study is about a leadership and motivation, a very important part in an organisation. Third and last part of this case study emphasis on the employees, and their team work, and many those aspects which bring cultural effect in running a project around the world.
1-Project Management:
In the organisation Project Management is a part of management which methodology approach to planning guiding in project, from start to end. In simple way can say for facing a project and during wind up the project, all kind of process which gone through a system is called project management. During this project how many activities will occur, from begging to end will become part of management and they called project management. There are many factors involves describing the importance of the project.
1.1Project Management Life Cycle in an organisation:
Basically project management life cycle base on four phases:
a- Project initiation:
This is the first phase in the project management, basically involve in starting of the project. Initiate a project can be defining by its purpose and scope, first justification and then the solution to implementation. In the first phase need to recruit a suitably skilled project team, this team set up a project Post office and then perform phase review end. There are basically six phase who are involves in the project initiation.
B-Project Planning:
After define the team in first phase need to identify the planning, which mean identify each and every single person task and responsibilities through paper work. The phase involove in ten different phase.
C-Project Execution:
After define the task among worker and following the ten steps in the project planning, this project enters another phase which call Project Execution. While each deliverable is being constructed, a team of management process monitor control and make sure all deliverable are carrying through the project.
The basic part in project execution is responsible about the cost, quality, change, risk, issues, management, suppliers, customers and communication. After project execution start another phase but before starting the last phase, always make sure that all deliverable has been final and customer has made its final decision. All steps occurred in the project Execution can be identify by the below graphic.
D-Project colure:
This phase involve in handling the project and final deliverables to the customers, terminate supplier contract, release the unnecessary equipment, communication project closure to all stakeholder. This last phase is responsible to implementation all basic rules from begging to end.
2-Effective Management Part:
The effective management is the basic needs in a business to deal with specific challenge and problem in any organisation and also rapid change of technology and environment in global competitive atmosphere. The theme of new technology, training and development in organisation over the world today such kind of effective skills deal with specific challenge in the organisation to access their own mission and objective in the new organisation.
The main motive of effective management to help organisation in improving their effectiveness and efficiency because if considering regarding globally, shows that today organisations are in intense competitions because of rapid development. In these complex environments effective management is proper management. Many things in organisation can be measure by quality and effective management and cultural organisation can be determined by these kind of management like as ultimately, productivity of the organisation staffs and also can say success or failure, every little thing in organisation depends on effective management. In any organisation these points are keen impact if manager have the ability to direct, encourage, supervise, inspired and co-ordinate with employees. Managers always develop their own lead ship quality and those of others. Management basically put following steps, planning, organising and communication to utilise. These skill are not important for management rather should be fund in leadership but even more qualities like, integrity, honesty, nerve, loyalty, authenticity, passion, determination, consideration and compassion.
3-Human Resource Management:
Human Resource is very important part of all organisation none of any organisation work wit out human resource because this pert of organisation know about the legal issues, time schedule, employee benefits, promotion, recruitment, training and many more, if this part will driven from the organisation there are hardly any chances that any organisation could survive.
3.1-Does HR technologies define HR strategy?
The fact is HR technology leads more than not, like if discuss in this was strategy does not open new way but technology always open new way or work for enforcement.
When in 80’s and 90’s HRM was infantry, employee performance and promotion was determine through personal likeness, and that time there were hardly not system to identify the job description or not thought important to new employee need training so later he could develop himself, and there were many more issues on which that time need to work. Unfortunately it took ages like years for HR to identify its roles in organisation, because without HR, it is very difficult to create equity among everything.
Then in 90’s century HR came in the organisation with new tools and technique, which were very effective for employees and employers. HR introduces new system like performance, recruitment, training and development.
3.2-Human Resource in 21st Century:
In 21st century human resource and business leadership are redefine their strategy because as past in 90’centruy they need someone who can control their empowerment same like now in 21st century to bring more changes so they can face new technology and matter with passage of times. Some of the reader wants to take an active part in resolving this conflict when technology become more advance and become part of global village them it become very difficult to introduce new policies and procedure rather this is better that bring new policies slowly according to the evolution of new technology.
3.3-Internal or external factors on Human Resource:
During the past several decades the change in the global economy has because of rapid globalization; there are many believe about the facts that trade liberalisation, ease to cheaper labour and resources, consumer demand all over the world, advance technology, market consumption has been winded because of communication. All these factors create new challenges and competition for business around the world, even many companies decided to expand their business across the world. If a company start business in other one country called multinational cooperation. In 1998 Claus defines the two different between national and multination company. The multinational companies spread faster ever that today we can see many companies around the world and run their business, like McDonald, Toyota, Nike, Microsoft and many others.
Tayeb, (2005) these days multinational companies are spreading very rapidly in ordered to gain more business and competitor, but these companies take another part in expose the culture, environment.
3.4-Strategic HRM recruitment and selection:
Stone 2002 attempt to describe the strategic HRM model, in ordered to assist the prediction and prevention of possible problems. This approach encourages to HR manager to consider the internal and external environment of the strategic HR.
The strategic HRM environment effect on the internal and external environment of the HR. In words can be described that the organisation recruitment process might be different because of the environment and cultural are different from the other place. But at the same time it will influence the internal process environment, hence strategic alignment.
One major influence may be the political environment, it may possible that political in any state many effect on organisation in recruitment and selection process. Like as Mellahi & Wood, (1996) political instability has had a dramatic influence on the practices of employee recruitment.
4-Recruitment selection and training in organisation:
Recruitment abs selection of the employee should be:
There are many factor due to which organisation get help HR to recruit people because organisational HRM in this matter can perform very well and HR select the right person on the right job; for this process selector must know that what physical and mental characteristics are require in applicant and also know that what kind of qualities and attitude the most important on this part, and Hr know what those characteristics which are disadvantage.
What are the main sources of recruitment?
Internal induction and promotion
Career officers
University appointment board
Unemployment agency
Use the other local media advertising, like radio, newspaper, and local jobcentres.
Interview can be an individual or can by panel, but the most important things depend on the requirement. In interview person will ask different form of series questions by different experts. But the thing is personnel skill are most important which are always must consider during the interview. The main focus on following points
Aptitude
Attainment
Intelligence
5-Selection in an organisation:
The process through which an individual can be assess in the pool against the needs of the job.
Selection process in many organisation normally same, first of all organisation publish the job inside the organisation in case can say HR try to find someone internally, because HR know this is the easy and best way because going through this way if organisation will be find individual for the job, they will save money, time and for new individual they don’t need to worry about concentrate on the training. Perhaps this is very important for any employee but appoint someone internally make a lot different, because individual already know the organisation objective and somehow he/ she aware the job nature.
5.1-External way:
This is second way, if HR in the organisation fail to find suitable for the job. Then HR prefers to hire someone/individual outside the organisation in other term call external way of selection. Although this is not an easy task for the HR because on this way organisation need to spend money and time. The fact is selection itself is not easy process. New candidate will be select through define parameter, now they need to find out extra time among their routine work, thus HRM start searching for the individual, who will be suitable for this post. In external source use different way like advertisement in local newspaper on radio or TV and local jobcentre will prefer the best place. But some time its depend the, according the requirement of the job HRM advertisement country wise so that highly qualified and experience person will come for the interview. Such kind of advertisement happen in occur, when HR needs company CEO, Deputy manager, Line manager, means highly profession people.
There are few others facts which actually become parts of the selection:
Interview structure
Interview environment
6-Training:
Training is the importance part of HR. When candidate successfully clear that all round in the interview and his selection has been done. Hr strart the most important part of the job, candidate pass through a training process, so he can understand the company rules and regulation and nature of the job, there are certain question for this part suck as, why he select for this job and how he need to perform the responsibilities. Training cannot be easy but Hr already define its parameter and slowly introduce the individual new parts, as other parts this part take time and only the time is reason which help the individual to find his roots, that is the reason , HR hire new individual on proportion period.
7-Leader ship in 21st Century:
The basic meaning and task of leader over all has not change, in all of recorded history but can say that if come some change that are task, might be in past leadership task was not effective as compare to today because today in 21 century because of advance technology and their easy assessment in every person hand, leadership act must have faster and keen impact on assessment. Being a leadership this is always consider, a person having power on people and also have authority to make decision for the group. Leadership in 21st century in no perform some sort of certain task; mean he is not longer to perform just some sort of tasks or responsibilities. Showing leader ship means convincing other to change direction. Today now the time is to upgrade management for getting the best out of our people.
7.1-Leadership and motivation;
According to the dictionary definition one who lead the group is called leader, whereas the fact is leader does not go first, his work is to lead them , put to passion and courage with his philosophy that people in a group only listen him and don’t ask the question. There are many theories about leadership and motivation and some time it becomes very difficicult to separate them. A person being his role as leader knows how he can motivate the people. Many researcher found that this issue have develop at the end of second world war, as people have develop attitude towards leadership and motivation and management have development more intelligence level.
7.2-Maslow Hierarchy:
According to Maslow hierarchy people exist because of need, and sometime this need lead them psychological to safety, and social esteem to self actualization. Person start moves to up level as need satisfy him. Thus there is certain reason because of that people can be motive towards needs, but not only the needs rather, some Spiritual and Nobel causes. The best can be drive from warfare and now it has become very important in motivate the army use of the propaganda indeed. This also perdition according to some leader, this is important for motivation to threat or give pain to the people but other consider this is dullest side of the motivation, to motivate the people in other can be use positive way like food, promotion, excitement and appreciation.
7.3-What changes come over into 21st century?
First it was consider that the physical strength on the top dog. Then force of personality was counted, fact is if view to getting in to top slop of the leadership hierarchy. Leadership has always been bases on power. These forms of power can be regarded as the triumph of form over substance. Some time it doesn’t matter what you say as how you say. For example a person having “sex appeal” could get elected or a political candidate with charisma. Fact is today, we are moving towards the effectiveness of a person. Because time learn everything and as human has been entered in 21st century so every person has basic leadership quality, but among them only few are who are the best.
The world is more dynamic and change is much more rapid than last century. So it make harder for one person to say that he is best among other and effect on other and put decision among group because he will have face many questions. Whereas it much easier in small organisations but in big company like CEOs of high tech organisation base on rapid technology and innovation, have much harder than others.
8-Employee empowerment:
There are many theories and articles describing the employee empowerment to describe the empowerment. Employee empowerment as from it word simply means, is the process of authorise an individual, to behave, think, take action and control on work in different way.
This is not a goal or not a tool as practise in many organisations, rather it about management and philosophy, about new people to take an active part in ongoing project and work.
Always try to think something in different term, if thinking about empowerment relation with human relation. Because this is one the big problem which most organisation have experienced with empowerment. Usually people imagine that manger only the bestow, who report to him. The fact is that organisation is the responsibility to create environment that help the individual to act and control desire in empowerment way.
Like as Human resource department added weeks to the process of hiring new employees by requiring his supposedly staff member to obtain his signature on every document related to the hiring of a new employee.
Employees are very important stakeholder and they take active part in any kind of business, therefore with the passage of time there are not any changes that the importance of empowerment will be end or might be co me any decrease. Might be in future machinery will take over the human empowerment but that fact is for running machines still need human empowerment, so in this scenario there are directly or indirectly impact of employee empowerment.
8.1-Methodology of empowerment:
The methods, through which this study is conduct, based on internet report which high light the impact of empowerment in 20th century. The case study is:
The impact of employee empowerment on service quality and customer satisfaction in service organizations:
http://www.essays.se/essay/62150e6489/
This case study basically relates with two points, first is employee empowerment quality and customer satisfaction and secondly is the impact in human resource management because empowerment has become very important issue in producing the quality to the customer service.
9-Team work:
Sugarman K. (2004), “Understanding the Importance of Teamwork”, Brian Mackenzie’s Successful Coaching. Teamwork is something that must be a high priority and given constant attention. Every player needs to understand how important it is for them to work smoothly together if they want to be successful. Each player must be dedicated to the whole team and be willing to act unselfishly. When challenges arise (as they always do), the team needs to have the resources, accountability and commitment to deal with them in a constructive and positive manner. A sense of teamwork will play an integral part in this.
Team work can say group of people, in which each and every single individual will take part and place his own opinion. Which mean team work in not effective if every person will put his/her opinion them it very difficult to collaborate all these things. But the fact is team is more efficiently and effectively beyond any task.
Team work contributes very important part in all part of organisation, even most companies prefer team work because according to their experience and past analysis; suggest them to achieve a goal positively and efficient manner is possible only in team work. The most important part of team work it produce much solution on problem and because of many people opinion, it is to use alternative methods, when task look difficult to the end.
9.1-Effective team:
There are normally few pots to be considered for the effective team.
a-Clear Goal:
Team would be work more effectively if it work on define goal. In any organisation the basic target are to achieve the goal. An effective team virtue is they produce clear goal.
b-Result Oriented:
Effective team first define its goal and then each and every single individual who part of the team put his opinion, because in team all individuals opinion are consider, due to which every person try to put more effort in achieving the goal and at the end team get a fruit full result.
9.2-External source:
Effective team not comprise only old data or that data which already available in different form rather effective team get new idea and opinion with external source and link.
9.3-Importance for successful organisation:
This article is drive from the Derek Stockley, who actually is a training and performance consultant in Melbourne. His emphases few important points in his article regarding the project management can say very effective in according to management point of view.
Teams and teamwork is still an important concept for successful organisations
Most of people consider team is very important part of any organisation and also big part of a business, because business depends on it.
The nature of team may be changing time to time but the benefits of the team are not. Team are become more complex with one person although one person team is never called because team mean set of people who put their opinion. In his article he highlights many points:
In another company staff fined themselves working in multiple teams at the same time.
This is also possible like in Technology Company, for product and system implementation for different clients require for different service.
In an organisation reaching to its goal is not an individual part, rather team work. The main reason is to understanding this situation that an individual in an organisation cannot take responsibilities on his own shoulder because this is not possible in any way. That is the reason team is considering an effect part of the organisation.
9.4-Team work in non profitable organisation:
In normal organisation mean profitable organisation team effect could be understand because their part of the team member get remuneration or promotion but in non profit organisation team work without any profit or financial points of the view. Hence, it is important to analysis each and every single individual performance.
This is normally found that in non profitable organisation normally between 18- 35 years old person take. There are normally two reason either they are already doing job or they want to as a volunteer because they are leisure. These kinds of people personally don’t have any goal or emission but first part of the people work because they want dual experience and want to move another stage. This normally can say they want to become part of leadership. Hence there are also two part either they regret from their profitable organisation was to become part of leadership or secondly they have mentally some intonation to better than other.
10-Cross culture issues facing the organisation:
In starting 2007, An International Journal has brought together academics throughout the world and provided a forum for the exchange of ideas and advancement of knowledge with regards to cross cultural management. The journal’s new Editorial Board has assembled leading scholars throughout the world. This new addition to Cross Cultural Management: an International Journal will bring expertise and visibility to the journal.
Multination and international companies have great opportunity to work with environment and culture, te reason is to this approach they make their product far available.
But the fact is when multinational develops there come an assumption that everyone who works with this company has the same goals and values, so they will communicate automatically. When multinational companies start work in other country they found many things that the people from other country are not skill well or not good enough to deal with effectively this because they had never deal such issues before.
10.1-Contemporary issues and challenges in cross culture:
Everybody talking about the impact of globalization management, but the issues involved in managing the cross culture is still a puzzle.