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The first most significant application of mechatronics is in medicine. To begin with, robots using in medicine are in a day-to-day evolution from the past to the future. One of the valuable parts of this evolution is the history dating back to the present. The thought of using robots in medicine for the soldiers which are injured frontline in war is to begin to be shaped by The United States Department of Defense. Therefore in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, researchers have begun to work extensively in order to allow usage of robotic in medicine. After NASA’s initiative, many research centers have contributed to the overall development of robots. Today, there are a lot of devices which are created to enhance the conditions in medicine. Therefore robots must be reprogrammed, renew or rebuilt according to technology and requirements. For example, Soleimani, Moll, Wallace, Bismuth, and Gersak asserted that trans-urethral resection of the prostate was accomplished by using a unique PUMA in 1988 at Imperial College, London. After developments, PUMA transformed to SARP (Surgeon Assistant Robot for Prostatectomy) and it was used successfully in -maybe the first- robotic prostate surgery in 1991 in Shaftesbury Hospital, Institute of Urology, London, UK (2011, p.617). Ideally, the rapid evolution of robotic provide patients and doctors with the opportunity to faster return to normal activities, shorter hospital stay, smaller incision, quicker resolution of pain, minimal blood loss and little scarring and these are only some advantages of using of robotic in medicine, also robots in medicine are in constant development. Another chapter that needs to be examined is future of these robots. There are projects that can shape the future in many subjects such as overcoming mechanical constraints, long-distance surgery, and robotic surgery advancing diagnostics, informatics surgery and simulation. Different methods are being tried to put these robotic processes in view. Experiments are made to the doctors and patients to find out what will change in the future correspondingly with an evolution of robotic in medicine. For instance, Soleimani, et al. found that remarkable effects of the simulation system on the behavior of interfering performance in a dangerous a carotid artery stenting (CAS) indicated by researchers according to an experiment in which 33 endovascular doctors attended in different degrees of CAS experience; unpracticed, partially or highly practiced. Particularly on the choosing of catheters and guiding to reach the common carotid artery beside the selective fluoroscopy angles (2011, p.628). It is clear that with the technological improvements and new learning techniques, abilities of doctors and medical care system make a progress.
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Besides rapid evolution of robotic in medicine, robots are useful in treatments. One of the ways of using robots in medicine is rehabilitation. Preising, Hsia, and Mittelstadt defined that, “Rehabilitation is the restoration of normal form and function after injury or illness, and rehabilitation engineering is dedicated to providing assistive equipment for the disabled” (1991, p.14). Therefore, these disabled people need to be helped for satisfying their daily requirements and mobility. These individuals are confronting different obstacles such as nursing home, home care expenses, and also taking a lot of time of family members who have to look after them. Preising, Hsia, and Mittelstadt explained that the opportunity to diminish these expenses and also to work all the more productively in the public is offered by assistive gadgets for the disabled persons. Defective people with these issues are helped by some created robot frameworks as a modified HERO 2000 mobile robot (1991, p.14). According to a study by Preising, Hsia, and Mittelstadt (1991), in 1980, money that spent on study and improvement identified with innovation that would enable handicapped to look after themselves was there thousand fold more than cash that spent on individuals and equipment who cared for the handicapped people ($ 210 billion versus $ 66 million) (p.14). Considering the information above, it can be said that researchers who try to solve disabled’s problems with using technology are more interesting in rehabilitation methods than people cared for disabled. This makes us look more hopeful for the future. Another way to profit by robots in medicine is surgery. There are two classes of robots defined in the surgical area: surgical assistive robots and actually robots performed the surgery. Surgical assistive robots are programmed to locate the target coordinates in the robot’s reference frame. The robot can be controlled by a surgeon with using the arm of the robot. Before the robots are experienced in real treatment, different sort of tests are applied. Preising, Hsia, and Mittelstadt stated that 52-year-old man’s brain biopsy is taken by using a surgical assistive robot in April of 1985. It is the verification of the first example of correct biopsy (1991, p.17). Preising, Hsia, and Mittelstadt clarified that Arthobor that can be controlled by voice (20 commands have been pre-programmed) or a control panel was created and experimented at the University of British Columbia Health Sciences hospital in Vancouver, Canada. A patient’s limb is held at an exact distance and should stay for a long time in this position. A robot system that used in more than 200 surgical operations prevents undesirable motions of a limb which surgeon is not able to endure (1991, 18). In view of all this information, it can be deduced that assistive robot system is useful in the diverse area such as actual surgical procedure, and help the surgeon by keeping the tools the exact position, clenching, and also drive wanted the location. The robots also are designed in order to perform challenging and length surgeries.