Chapter 3
3.1 Introduction
This research methodology being purpose to gather the current relevant information about late payment in Klang area that lead the delay in construction project that being use for this paper work. Research methodology may being define as the chapter that show the guideline or procedures or methods that usually being used for researcher to achieve aims and objectives in this field of research.
Usually there are two methods that popular and being used by researcher in order to achieve or to gather all the necessary data and information that needed to systematically collected and need to being analyzed. The two methods are the primary data and secondary data that may obtained a raw data from the respondent. This raw data need to being analyzed one by one and being studied deeply before conclusion being made.
This is the one of the important phases for researchers in order to achieve essential data to achieve aim and objectives of this research. This research using methods that might be researcher used is quantitative which questionnaires survey for obtaining the primary data is. Furthermore, literature reviews from books, journals and past researcher being used for the secondary data.
To achieving the objectives of this dissertation, the well planned is needed for ease the process in data collection these four essential stages of research methodology required:
1) Literature review
2) Main survey (Questionnaire survey)
3) Analysis data
4) Conclusion
3.2 Research Method
3.3 Primary Data
The primary data is the data being observed or collected straight away from the respondent and it is called as raw data. It is can from the various ways like questionnaires, interview, focus group of interview, case study and observation. The analyzed of the primary data is based on the survey result that used as the evidence from the data collection.
The advantages of this primary data is all the data is new and unrevealed yet, so the researcher can control and use accordingly to the study. The researcher able to control the data that being achieve and decide the method that suitable to use for obtaining the data collection. For this study the primary data will specified the respondent of the questionnaire to the three main stakeholders in construction industry which is clients, consultants and contractor.
3.3.1 Questionnaire
Questionnaire that determine as is one set of questions are prepared for ask several questions and gather answer from respondents related to research topic. The a few simple question that being printed form or electronic need to be answered by individuals. Forms of questionnaire often have empty space where answer may be written. The form set distributed to group and answer gathered related to research topics. Questionnaire is a catechism asked to individuals to get statistical information that is useful on topic given.
When right built and governed by responsible, questionnaire which become important instrument with statement that can be done on certain groups or people or entire population. Question that is unsuitable, question incorrect message, scaly incorrect, or format questionnaire that is bad can make worthless study, because it may not be accurate reflect
a) Questionnaire Design
The questionnaires are design based on the research objectives and literature review from journal, book and other sources. The data collected also can be more accurate because the respondent is from experienced parties. The questionnaire comprise of four part which are:
i. Part A: Demographic background
ii. Part B: Project background information
iii. Part C: The factors that lead the abandonment of the project
iv. Part D: The importance to revive abandoned project
From this result, the data analysis can be done certainly since the group of respondents answering similar questions and identified respondents therefore; statistic can be made to shown the response from different parties.
b) Types
Generally, questionnaires come in three basic types which are closed-ended, open ended, and combination of both. In this research, the questions are asked in variety types of questionnaires. The closed-ended questions include all possible answers pre-written response categories. The respondents are asked to choose among the answers provided. For this questionnaire, there is no closed-ended.
Apart from closed-ended and open-ended questions, there are questions, which employ the combination of both questions in the research questionnaires. The questions normally begin with a series of closed-ended questions, with boxes to tick of scale to rank, and then finish with a section of open-ended questions or more details responses.
c) Analysis of Questionnaire
The data were collected from the questionnaire will be analyse based on the three objectives. The method used is by distributing the questionnaire directly and digitally. A total amount of 75 questionnaires are handed to the respondents. The analysis and findings of the questionnaire are explained later in Chapter Five.
The data obtained from the questionnaire are processed and analysed using the Microsoft Excel. According to (Puspasari, 2006) the analysis of the data from the receivable feedback from the questionnaire quantitative stimulation is in average index calculation. Average index is calculated to present the effectiveness of the criteria mentioned. This index was calculated as follows:
The analysis carried out according to scale that represents:
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly
Disagree Disagree
Moderately Agree Agree
Strongly
Agree
Table 3.1: Sample of Scale
The average Index Formula:
Average Index = Σ ( μ x n)
N
μ = Weighting given to each factor by respondents (1 to 5);
n = Frequency of the respondents;
N = Total number of respondents
With the rating scale as below:
Rating Scale Indication
1 Strongly Disagree (1.00 > Average Index < 1.50)
2 Disagree (1.50 > Average Index < 2.50)
3 Moderately Agree (2.50 > Average Index < 3.50)
4 Agree (3.50 > Average Index < 4.50)
5 Strongly Agree (4.50 > Average Index < 5.00)
d) Sample Size
Sampling refers to any systematic process of selection of a small number of people or groups out of larger grouping of persons (called population or universe). To carry out questionnaire, determination size of sample is important. The sample size can be determined by using few types of sample selection methods.
Sample used is non probability sample (convenience sample). The method use for this research is questionnaire distribution. A total amount of 75 questionnaires are handed to Contractor Company in Klang, Selangor. The questionnaires are given directly and using electronic medium.
3.4 Secondary Data
Secondary information refers to information that was not compiled by the researcher for their own study. Rather they are data collected for a different problem from the one currently under analysis. It is information that is already collected and organised in forms usable by other parties.
The secondary sources of data can be subdivided into two-classes, which are internal record and external records. The internal records are such as sales result, marketing activities, cost information, distributor report and feedback, sickness or absenteeism statistics, production figures and other data.
However, the information from internal records is not very available for this research currently but there still have little information from the internal record that can be used in this research. The information regarding this research can be found more easily from external records. External records itself, can be sub-divided into two broad classes, which are published data and the internet. The example of information available from both internet and published data are newspaper, book, annual reports, periodical and other types of data.
3.5 Data Collection
The data analysis involves the process of analyzing the judgment of court cases and feedbacks received through the questionnaire survey. The data from the questionnaire survey was tabulated and compiled. The detail findings from the judgment and questionnaire survey are further explained in chapter 4.
3.6 Summary
In this chapter, explanation given is about the research method and how to obtain the sources to complete this final project / dissertation. This chapter explains very a detail on the theory of data collection and the application that have been applied to complete this final project. Method to analyses data are explained in Chapter Four and the results to be presented in the form of illustrated figure and table. Thus, as a conclusion, the research methodologies play an important part upon carrying a research as acts as the guidelines that indicate the type, methods and process of obtaining reliable data for the research.