INSTITUTE OF ACCOUNTANCY ARUSHA
IN COLLABORATION WITH
COVENTRY UNIVERSITY (UK)
A CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT
Student Name: KAVISHE, FIONA DOMINIC
Student ID: MBA-ITM/0273/T.2015
Course Title: MBA-ITM
Module: MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Date: 27th November, 2015
Coursework cover sheet – be sure to keep a copy of all work submitted
Submit via the coursework at Room No. 20 Administration Building
Section A – To be completed by the student – PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY
Family Name(s)
Kavishe Module Code
ARUM85EKM
First name(s)
Fiona Kavishe
IAA Student Registration Number
MBA -ITM/0273/T.2015
Lecturer
Dr. Idinga & Ms Nnko
Module Title
Marketing Management Due date:
27th November 2015
Assignment No. / Title
Case study-Individual assignment
Extensions & late submissions allowed:
No
Estimated Time (hrs)
Assignment type:
Individual % of Module Mark
70 Hand out date:
Penalties: Marks will be reduced by 10% of the original mark for every week late. No work will be accepted that is more than two weeks
Declaration: I the undersigned confirm that I have read and agree to abide by the Coventry University and Institute of Accountancy Arusha regulations on plagiarism and cheating. I confirm that this piece of work is my own. I consent to appropriate storage of our work for checking to ensure that there is no plagiarism/ academic cheating.
Signature(s): ———————————————————————————————–
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. BACKGROUND OF M-PESA SERVICE IN INDIA 1
1.2. SWOC ANALYSIS 1
2.0. MARKET SEGMENTATION ON CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOR 3
2.1. MARKET SEGMENTATION 3
2.1.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION BASED ON CONSUMER MARKET 3
2.1.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION BASED ON BUSINESS MARKET 4
2.2 RELEVANCE OF CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOR TO VODAFONE IN INDIA 4
3 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING TO BUSINESS COMPANY 5
3.1 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING 5
3.1.1 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING TO VODAFONE IN INDIA 5
3.1.2 MARKET CONTRIBUTION TO VODAFONE USING M-PESA EXPERIENCE 6
4 CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO MARKETING 7
4.1 CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7
4.1.1 MARKETING PRACTICE FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MARKETING 7
4.1.2 EVALUATION OF IT CONTRIBUTION TO THE MARKETING ACTIVITIES 8
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 9
5.1 CONCLUSION 9
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 10
6. LIST OF REFERENCES 11
ABSTRACTS
The case study develop a critical analysis on “CAN M-PESA SERVICE SUCCEED IN INDIA?: Inclusion by mobile”. The concept of money transfer over mobile phones arises due to interest solution to rural areas in India. Based on excellent performance of M-PESA in Kenya as referred to case study that the business exchange process major a big hit.
Generally, the report will look at performance of M-PESA in India associate the product and services offered by analyzing the internal and external factors using SWOC analysis tool. Similarly the report will elaborate on market segmentation based on consumer and business market by associate the relevance of consumer buyer behavior.
However the report will explain on market contribution of M-PESA in India and pursue the above idea in relation to M-PESA in Tanzania.
And finally the report will evaluate the usage of IT in marketing by looking at the change of traditional to modern technology and asses the use of IT in marketing. Conclusion and recommendation will be driven after analyze, elaborate, discuss, evaluate and assess the case study.
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
DTH Direct To Home
ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Cooperation of India
IAA Institute of Accountancy Arusha
IT Information Technology
ICT Information and Communication Technology
JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana
KM Kilometers
M Mobile
MNREG Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
NRHM National Rural Health Mission
SIM Subscriber Identification Module
USSD Unstructured Supplementary Services Data
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF M-PESA SERVICE IN INDIA
With reference to the case study, M-PESA stated in Kenya, 2007 with the aim of money transfer over the mobile phones using Vodafone subsidiary due to high crime rate that it was unsecure to carry cash physically. The idea was to implement in India by 2010 using Vodafone platform. The intension was to pursue millions of subscribers to increase the number of money-transfer users.
1.1.1. Growth of Vodafone Company in India
Based on the case study, Indian has 100,000 bank branches of which 5% are in rural areas. Sending Money via banks becomes impossible due to the fact that many people migrate to rural area for green pasture.
But the Vodafone did another pilot by disburse wages of MNREGA workers through M-PESA in the Hinjilicut and Chikiti blocks in Ganjam district which reduce delay in payment for customer with local cooperate banks and post offices as described in the case study.
Therefore market growth of Vodafone in India undergo intensive growth through market penetration by accommodate 900 million subscribers, 40% of which are rural consumers.
1.1.2. Performance of the Vodafone Company
According to the case study, the platform brought by Vodafone to India in 2012 as a pilot in Rajasthan was executed in April 2013. The launching of this service was expected to increase large number of subscribers by using several product and services offered. The service performs at excel level in such a way that only 1.5 million of Vodafone’s 170 millions subscriber’s use the service.
1.2. SWOC ANALYSIS
According to the lecture delivered as a part of Module 85EKM, SWOC ANALYSIS is a structured approach to evaluate the strategic position of a business by identifying its strength, weakness, opportunity and Challenges. (Nnko 2015)
1.2.1. Internal Analysis
This analysis focus on strength and weakness of the organization, when evaluate strength and weakness only those resources or capabilities that would be used by customers should be included. (Jobber 2010)
1.2.2. External Analysis
This analysis focuses on external factors influence and affects every organization directly or indirectly connected to an opportunity and challenge. (Punch 2015)
Below Chart shows a SWOC analysis of Vodafone in India
STRENGHT WEAKNESS
1. Indian’s second-largest mobile operator by customer base.
2. High Brand Loyalty in terms of Mobile Money service.
3. Reliable and secure network over bill payments and recharge voucher service
4. Wide Coverage & International Operation over metropolitan cities.
5. Spans network distribution about 1.7 millions touch points 1. Re tape effect upon disburse money to beneficiaries.
2. Market Competition in terms of price that cost Rs 100 per enrollment.
3. The Vodafone lack of scalable platform imposed due to regulatory environment
4. Poor Market Strategy that require being revamp to retain market leadership.
5. Lack of awareness and ICT as demonstrate in the study that education is primary concern for vendors
OPPORTUNITY CHALLENGE
1. The Vodafone Merger ICIC Bank to allow cash outs options.
2. Diversification of the Vodafone portfolio.
3. Mobile penetration to urban areas
4. Uses 5% of the bank that are found in rural areas to penetrate the services.
5. Change of technology allow introduction of M-Pesa service for mobile app. 1. Competitor from Other Mobile Operator such as Bharti (Airtel) and Idea Cellular
2. Limited product life cycle that operate under 30KM from parent bank
3. Government Intervention on Licensing to Operator.
4. Limited infrastructure facility with Vodafone in India.
5. Traditional marketing that people transfer money using post office system
2.0. MARKET SEGMENTATION ON CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOR
2.1. MARKET SEGMENTATION
Market segmentation is a crucial market strategy. Aim is to identify and delineate market segments or ‘set of buyer’ which would then become targets for the company’s market plans. (Tynan C. and Drayton J. 2010)
2.1.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION BASED ON CONSUMER MARKET
Jobber D. (2010:262) Emphasize the concept of market segmentation using consumer market by grouping potential customer with similar characteristics through broad groups of criteria which are; behavioral, psychographic and profile variables.
Through the use of purchase behavioral, The Vodafone maintains and enrolls number of the new user by charge reasonable cost upon registration which is Rs 100. With this onetime payment the customers becomes loyalty to their brand as demonstrated in the case study.
The case study shows that the people of NAMKUM have a tendency of providing due money to the poor women whom were giving birth. Through psychographic segmentation, the lifestyle is practiced in this scheme in such a way that every poor woman is given Rs 1,400 on the birth for every child.
The Vodafone has segmented the profile variable through Geographic location by covering and disseminate the services into rural areas. As refer to case study that 900million subscribers, 40% are rural consumers.
2.1.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION BASED ON BUSINESS MARKET
Evans et al. explain the concept of market segmentation based on business market that depends on geographic, psychological and demographical.
With geographic location, the Vodafone has segmented the market in term low income earners and level of education for rural and urban areas as shown on the case study.
Based on the case study, the Vodafone has segment its market on demographical as focus on level of education. For tier 1 refer to educated people and tier 2 & 3 refer to uneducated people
With reference to the case study, the low income earners believe that goes to urban, they will use M- PESA to send money securely to their relatives as a psychological factor which enhances reliability over mobile transfer.
2.2 RELEVANCE OF CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOR TO VODAFONE IN INDIA
According to the lecture delivered as a part of Module 85EKM, a consumer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumer (individuals & households) that buy products for personal consumption. (Idinga 2015).
Despite the fact that India has 100,000 bank branches it nearly impossible to send money over the bank due millions of villages migrate to developed cities for work. Therefore they develop a culture of send money (cash) through traveling relatives or acquaintance as demonstrated in the case study.
Social Class, Kotler (2012:162) argues that social class can be divided into upper, middle, working and lower classes by marketers whose members shares similar values, interests and behavior. Consider the case study the NRHM with financial assistance plan JSY develop a scheme which promotes institutional delivery among poor women whom are waiting for due money after giving birth.
At the buyer decision making, the personal influential factors based on the following characteristics age, life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyles, personality and self concept. Based on the case study most of the people are uneducated and do not understand the concept of M Wallet and its core functionality.
Consider the case study that majority of an Indian do not have the digital knowledge on M-Pesa. The organization must change the perception of user by educate in order to capture the new platform because motivated person are ready to act with reference to psychological factor.
According to the lecture delivered as a part of Module 85EKM, a buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of all types of buyer. (Idinga 2015)
Consider the case study, people takes sometimes to mind-shift from particular service; the adoption process has been affected by awareness and lack of ICT networks.
Vodafone came up with advertising strategy that put up camps in NAMKUM so that they acquire more customers on the M-Pesa service and other product line such as Vodafone SIM.
3 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING TO BUSINESS COMPANY
3.1 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING
Kottler et al. suggest that the marketing refer to the value of a product or services to consumer for the purpose of promoting the specific service or product.
3.1.1 CONTRIBUTION OF MARKETING TO VODAFONE IN INDIA
With reference to Kottler, P. and Keller K, L. (2012), Marketing has a large contribution on operating the business and enhances profit at large.
Based on the case study, the presence of competitor service such as Bharti Airtel with Airtel money and Idea Cellular with M-Wallet contribute towards the improvement of M-Pesa service for Vodacom in India by providing reliable service and maintain loyalty to the customers.
Consider the case study; the marketing stimuli contribute towards customer delighted with the reduction of price over the service.
The Vodafone improve its M-Pesa services by adding new features such as Mobile app which regulate customer value and satisfaction.
Similarly the Vodafone set camps to promote the M-Pesa service and SIMs cards. Finally influence the service through the word of the mouth from the consumer.
With Product and Services as elaborated on the case study, the M- Pesa service that is implemented in India via Vodafone provide customer need and satisfaction as shown on the study that customer are able to perform money transfer though send and receive, paying their bill and recharge.
With reference to the case study, the Vodafone uses integrative growth market strategy through customer acquisition. The Vodafone has selected the duplicate Kenyan Model in India by splitting into several agents about 75,000 across the country and it has already pursued million of customers.
According to the case study, the Vodafone has segment its customer based on the profile in such a way that the implementation took place in rural areas Through this segment the Vodafone were able to acquire 900 million mobile subscribers of which 40% are rural consumers.
3.1.2 MARKET CONTRIBUTION TO VODAFONE USING M-PESA EXPERIENCE
The Vodacom in Tanzania uses cost- based approach and competitive pricing strategy that the lower cost recharge through M-Pesa is 100 and the highest is unlimited. With this strategy the M-PESA in India could adopt this strategy and delight its customers.
The Vodacom in Tanzania have number of product line, these are M-Pesa services, Devices (Modems & Cellular Phones), Data, Prepaid, Value added and International Services. The presence of this product mix has enabled the company to provide the customer needs and satisfaction by increase profit therefore the Vodafone in India could establish other product line so as to capture more customers on various services.
Unlike Vodafone in India, Vodacom uses extensive distribution channel to distribute its product and services to the customer. These distributions include online, wholesale and informal channel, direct sales and Vodacom direct. In order to meet customer needs, wants and attain level of satisfaction Vodacom uses kiosk, ward and global distribution channel.
The Vodacom has wide coverage in its network mainly in United Republic of Tanzania but also perform roaming in East Africa, South Africa, India, Germany, China, Mozambique, USA and UK. With this coverage the Vodacom meets various customers and retain brand equity unlike Vodafone in India
4 CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO MARKETING
4.1 CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology contribute to business excel, create relationship, strengthen and effectiveness of the business. Technologies such as Mobile phones, internet, social media and customer relationship management.(Gabbott, M and Colgate, M )
4.1.1 MARKETING PRACTICE FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MARKETING
Traditional over Modern Marketing
Ranjan et al. explain that the traditional marketing is a local form of marketing using advertising that incur cost and time which includes telemarketing, broadcasting media, direct mail and print media while modern marketing refer to marketing using internet for tool such as social networks, website, email and video marketing.
As demonstrated in the case study, The JHARKHAND government provides a list beneficiary to the Vodafone. The company compiles the list and transfer money through M-Pesa. The government use direct marketing through communicates with the beneficiary.
Relationship Marketing: Focus on the case study, the beneficiary collect money via Vodafone’s agent with this customer based relationship which eradicates delay and bureaucracy by deliver the money to beneficiary to attain customer value and satisfaction.
Societal Marketing: As seen on the case study the M-Banking should result into cash out but at the time the service was not available. Therefore the Vodafone decide to collaborate with ICIC bank which allow cash out hence accomplish consumer, societal and company long run interest.
4.1.2 EVALUATION OF IT CONTRIBUTION TO THE MARKETING ACTIVITIES
However the case study demonstrate that the USSD technology that uses network coverage without internet connection increase the market share by customer perform several transactions with recharge voucher and pay various bills.
With reference to the case study, the Vodafone will introduce the mobile app for M-PESA. This application will contribute towards advertising several product and services that offered under the company.
According to the case study the promotion of the M-Pesa uses integration direct marketing by spreading large number of agents about 75,00 across the country. The use of Vodafone network contributes to communicate to the various agents.
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
As observed from the case study, The M-Pesa service for Vodafone in India undergoes intensive growth through market penetration in such a way that the company fulfills customer needs and satisfaction. The Vodafone improves its product and services based on the demand of the customers by apply major interoperability of Vodafone and ICIC bank that merger to provide cash out to the customer through M-Pesa.
With reference to the case study the organization segment the market based on the urban demography which attain customer need and wants. The Vodafone uses integrative growth market strategies to segment its customers through acquisition, which delight customers demand. The performance of M-Pesa endorsed competitor to be market follower in such a way that Bharti Airtel and Idea Cellular adopts the M-Pesa service through Airtel Money and M-Wallet respectively.
The Vodafone in India continue to be loyalty with the brand through reliable service and network coverage to the extent that people were migrate from rural areas to urban to search for jobs. The marketing contribute highly on the distribution of services though customer influence on the word of mouth. The presence of IT contributes high performance of M-Pesa services for Vodafone in India through direct marketing.
Finally, with above analysis, contribution and evaluation of M-Pesa Services in India .The M-Pesa service succeed in India depend on the inclusion of Mobile Money.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The Vodafone must abide with the changing technology by innovate existing products and services and various marketing technique to cope with the competition and maintain leadership in market.
Below a listed recommendation;
(i) Develop different market strategy to accomplish a certain level of customer satisfaction.
(ii) Promote the offered products and services by explore various ways of distribution channel apart from vendor or agents.
(iii) Widen the network coverage to international level to maintain the brand equity.
(iv) Observe consumer buyer behavior by segmenting the market with respect to their needs.
6. LIST OF REFERENCES
Evans, M, Jamal, A and Foxall, G (2009) Consumer Behavior, 2nd ed. John Wiley
Gabbott, M and Colgate, M (1990) ‘Information Technology and Relationship Marketing.’ Australasian Marketing Journal 7, (1) 102-108
Idinga, G. (2015) Buyer Behavior. Lecture delivered for module 85EKM on 22rd October 2015 at IAA Arusha Campus.
Nnko, E. (2015) Marketing Environment. Lecture delivered for module 85EKM on 12th October 2015 at IAA Arusha Campus.
Ranjan, A, Sangya, Pooja and Nisha (2015) Traditional Marketing vs e-Marketing available from <http://www.slideshare.net/jackherousa/traditional-marketing-vs-emarketing> [25/11/2015]
Jobber, D (2010) Principles and Practice of Marketing, 6th ed. New-York: MacGraw-Hill
Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius. (2007) Marketing: The Core. 2nd ed. New-York: MacGraw-Hill/Irwin
Kottler, P. and Keller K, L (2009) A Framework for Marketing Management, 4th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall
Kottler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2014) Principles of Marketing, 15th ed. Harlow Pearson
Kottler, P and Keller K, L. (2012) Market Management, 14th ed. Pearson Education Limited, Essey, England
Kumar A. and Neenakshi N. (2006) Marketing Management, 1st ed. New Delhi: India
Tynan, C., and Dryton, J. (2010) ‘Market Segmentation.’ Journal of Market Management 2, (2) 301-335
Punch (2015) SWOT Analysis [online] available from <http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4245-swotanalysis.html> [18 October 2015]
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