1.) Soroka, S. N., Stecula, D. A., & Wlezien, C. (2014). It’s (Change in) the (Future) Economy, Stupid: Economic Indicators, the Media, and Public Opinion. American Journal of Political Science, 59(2), 457-474. doi:10.1111/ajps.12145
In Soroka, Stecula, and Wlezien’s article they were able to find and compare data points to see if the media focuses on the past present, or future. After reading this article, it is notable that the media, and public opinion play huge shaping the future of economies. The use of volume, media tone, and economic sentiment were used dictate how the media reacts to articles. The idea of rational choice theory is very noticeable in their experiment as well. It is noted that in their data there is a spike in media articles when there is a negative tone. Rational choice theory, assumes a person will make logical decisions that will yield them the most benefit from the decisions that they make. The media then, takes advantage of economic situations, especially during negatives times and uses it to capitalize on the public. Behaviorism is also a key research tradition in this article being that Soroka, Stecula, and Wlezien’s observed the media’s opinion, along with economic sentiment. This is a common trend in analyzing human perception.
2.) Kontogianni, A., Tourkolias, C., Skourtos, M., & Damigos, D. (2014). Planning globally, protesting locally: Patterns in community perceptions towards the installation of wind farms. Renewable Energy, 66, 170-177. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.11.074
This article primarily focuses on the installation of wind parks, and the publics view on how the feel about them aesthetically. NIMFY syndrome, also know as ‘Not-in-my-front-yard’ syndrome is a factor that has to be dealt with in dealing with solar energy. By differentiating self-reported ex-ante and ex-post-views of effects and benefits they highlighted the reception of wind parks installations. A behaviorists approach was taken seeking to quantify how people felt about having such objects near their residences. Empirical evidence was used by creating a data model, in which a multitude of questions were asked to find out how people really felt about wind parks near their homes. They’re claims backed by extensive data that is actually very straightforward.
3.) Mccarthy, K. J., & Dolfsma, W. (2013). Neutral Media? Evidence of Media Bias and its Economic Impact. Review of Social Economy, 72(1), 42-54. doi:10.1080/00346764.2013.806110
McCarthy and Dolfsma wrote this article to inform people that there is evidence of media bias in today’s culture. Indicators such as tone, and frequency are used to display how the media has a non-neutral impact on the economy. They were able to suggest that the media influences elections, public agenda, and public perception. The media also influences firm’s reputations, as well as business sentiment, and market-level performance. The article is heavily correlated to Soroka, , Stecula, and Wlezien’s article except for the fact that they McCarthy and Dolfsma focused more on the impact of the economy as opposed to using the economy to determine the tone and volume of the media.
4.) Pamment, J. (2015). Media Influence, Ontological Transformation, and Social Change: Conceptual Overlaps Between Development Communication and Public Diplomacy. Communication Theory (10503293), 25(2), 188-207. doi:10.1111/comt.12064
In this article, Pamment focuses on the emergence of modernization policy and how media channels change foreign countries opinions in a positive light. Paradigms in both fields attest that the media’s information propagates foreign populations. Persuasive facts are used to inform foreign citizens about policy, while ontological transformation caused an influential change in behavior, attitudes, ideas, and values amongst foreign citizens. Furthermore, it is very clear that a behaviorist approach was taken in this journal. The response to the stimulus of the media is a prime example of behaviorism. Interpretive theory is also prevalent through out this journal being that it is based on the foreign citizens perspective of media channels. Foreign populations are able to interpret the media and then formulate their opinions based on the propagated information that they are given.
5.) Mildenberger, M., Howe, P., Lachapelle, E., Stokes, L., Marlon, J., & Gravelle, T. (2016). The Distribution of Climate Change Public Opinion in Canada. Plos ONE, 11(8), 1-14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159774
In this journal local energy, and public climate opinion are examined in Canada. Multi-level regression and post-stratification, commonly known as MRP are used to estimate perception. MRP, which is a hierarchical regression model, uses statistical data to measure the public opinion at state-level. It was found that people in Canada believe that climate change is occurring at a much more rapid pace, and that pollution is a result of human activity in urban settings as opposed to rural areas. Results show, that the majority of Canadians believe that climate change is transpiring. From a research perspective, it seems that a behaviorist approach was taken in observing that Canadian populations opinion. In dealing with public perception it is very common for this approach to be taken being that one must objectively observe and identify and quantifiable events.
6.) Etchegary, H., Green, J., Parfrey, P., Street, C., & Pullman, D. (2015). Community engagement with genetics: public perceptions and expectations about genetics research. Health Expectations: An International Journal Of Public Participation In Health Care And Health Policy, 18(5), 1413-1425. doi:10.1111/hex.12122
The research contained in this journal, is used to explore public attitudes and expectations about genomics research. The research approach is interesting being that not many people have an idea as to what genomics research entails. Genomics research is the scientifically understanding your genetic code, and how cells are able to read this code. The majority of participants feel that genomics research is positive and that it will be beneficial for future generations to come. Thinking from a research perspective can allow one to assume that the main premise of this experiment came from an epistemological point of view along with interpretive theoretical model. The subjects in this experiment were asked to use the scientists in the research for a reference, and then interpret what they in regards to genomics experimentation. Additionally, behaviorism is also noticed being that researchers must weigh subjective points of view after the participants realize the negative and positive affects of the research.
7.) Iftikhar, I., Ullah, R., Naureen, N., & Ali, H. (2016). Deliberative Democracy: Effect of News Media and Interpersonal Conversation on Quality of Public Opinion. South Asian Studies (1026-678X), 31(1), 43.
The main objective of Iftikar, Ullahm Naureen, and Ali’s study is to analyze the effects of the media on quality of public opinion. 338 people were chosen, from all different divisions of society in Pakistan to partake in this study. It was found that the primary source of information came from talk shows, which then leads to people engaging conversations amongst themselves. In conclusion to the study, the amount of information from different perspectives causes a heightened quality of public opinion. Multiple research traditions are identifiable in this study. Interpretivism along with behaviorism are prominent research traditions that can be found. The different socioeconomic backgrounds of people reflect a change in idealism and along with quality. Once again, an objective observable approach of human behavior was taken, which correlates to behaviorism.
8.) Shaw, P., & Tan, Y. (2014). Feminism and social change: women’s place in Taiwanese newspapers and public opinion. Asian Journal Of Communication, 24(4), 351-369. doi:10.1080/01292986.2014.892145
This article focuses on the portrayal of women in Taiwanese newspapers from 1975 to 2009. Relevant themes and editorial structure, were used to focus on offensive actions, how women’s pages present political messages in terms of the topics talked about, style of argumentation, and approaches to challenging traditional gender roles. It is identified that earlier in the women’s movement in Taiwan, the pages primarily shaping an identity for females. Throughout post feminism times, the women’s pages focused more on self-developing guidance, and domestic issues. Furthermore from a research perspective this article focuses on feminism. The study of women from a political perspective is a main focus of the article. It is also noted how there was a change from a political point of view in writing to a more private on that occurred over time. Behaviorism can also be found as the articles touches on the psychological effects that women endure from the writing.
9.) Anderson, J. O., & Crook, S. T. (2016). Does the Media Have Some Explaining to Do? Distinguishing Between the Effects of Acquired and Applied Knowledget on Public Opinion of the National Debt. Global Media Journal: American Edition, (S1), 1-7.
This study seeks to understand the effects of political knowledge on public opinion, and what distinguishes what does, and does not provoke a change in opinion. Surface knowledge, and applied knowledge were the two categories of political knowledge that were used in this study. The amount of national debt was then used as a test issue to find out whether political knowledge is more likely to affect the opinions of individuals. It was then found that applied knowledge is the main basis for the change in opinion of political knowledge. It was also found that the media is necessary component in order to change public opinion. It is quite evident that in this study there is a behaviorist approach to gauging the public’s opinion along with interpretive theory in finding out how the public’s knowledge, along with media influence were then used to figure out why the public changed their perception.
10.) Parker-Stephen, E. (2013). Tides of Disagreement: How Reality Facilitates (and Inhibits) Partisan Public Opinion. Journal Of Politics, 75(4), 1077-1088. doi:10.1017/S0022381613000789
In this article, Parker-Stephen studied that mass behavior finds that people in specific political parties then discount policy-relevant facts and interpret the same facts in a different light. National survey data and a Bayesian multilevel model were used to study whether the distribution of economic facts diminishes partisan disagreement about the United States Economy. It was found after researching that when economics facts transfer in a positive and negative direction at the same time, difference about the economy grows. When the facts move in one direction disagreement then withdraws. It can be noted that through empirical research that this article has behaviorist approach. The behavior of the public is study to identify how political parties take a stance and how it affects the economy.