S
cotland is know for there
beuatiful landscapes, castles,
rivers and killts. But how
are those subjects created
and what is the history and
geography behind them?
Scotland is known for there veried
countryside. So you’re able to see rural lowlands, large cities and barren uplands. Also, with there 790 islands, most of them are uninhabited.[1]
The name ‘Scotland’ comes from the Latin word ‘Scotia’ wich means ‘ land of the Scots’. The Scots are a group of people who came from Ireland and settles on the west coast of GB.[2]
Nowadays, the land area of Scotland is 30.414 square miles (about 78.770 square km)[3]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland#Geography_and_natural_history
[2] https://www.britannica.com/place/Scotland
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland
[4] http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/sysm/scots/teachers/background.shtml
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scotland
[6] http://www.britroyals.com/scots.asp?id=kenneth1
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland#Early_Viking_incursions
The land was around eight to nine millenia inhabited before we’re able to talk about the Scottish Intentity. This identity existed after the long period of independency as United Kingdom. The first writing of the history of Scotland was found on a dairy of a Roman historywriter Tactitus. He wrote about two lost wars with the Romans and the stringness from large rocks called Picts.[4]
Towards the end of the 8th century, the well famous Vikins invasions began. Scotland was able to defeats the Norths using the Picsts and Gaels. In this way, there well known historic hostility ceases around the 9th century
Resulting in the forming of the Kingdom of Scotland.[5]
The king who was responsible for the creation of the Kingdom of Scotland in 843 is King Kenneth I. From historically perspective, he was since 840 the prince of Dalriada, Scottish principality in the western highlands. In 843 he was able to claim the throne of Picts what settles the base of the Kingdom of Scotland. His claim to the Pictish throne would be based on the fact that his father had married a Pictish princess, and inheritance of the Picts in the female line was quite common. He followed the Pictish kingdom of Dalriada Eóganan, who was killed in 839 in the battle against the Danish Vikings. But because after Kenneth there were still some independent Pictish kings, it can not be said that he has established a united Scotland. [6]
Norse contacts with Scotland certainly predate the first written records in the 8th century, although their nature and frequency are unknown. Excavations at Norwick on the island of Unst in Shetland indicate that Scandinavian settlers had reached there, perhaps as early as the mid 7th century, consistent with dates produced for Viking levels at Old Scatness. [7]
The Wars of Scottish Independence
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English-supported invasion by Edward Balliol and the “Disinherited” in 1332, and ended in 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a great crisis for Scotland and the period became one of the most defining times in its history. At the end of both wars, Scotland retained its status as an independent state. The wars were important for other reasons, such as the emergence of the longbow as a key weapon in medieval warfare.[1]
Revolution
Nowadays, Scotland is one of the most commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Thanks to the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. Its industrial decline following the Second World War was particularly acute. In recent decades Scotland has enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance, fuelled in part by a resurgent financial services sector and the proceeds of North Sea oil and gas. Nationalism has been a major political force in
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scotland
Culture
T
here are very few people who are so proud of their roots as the Scots. The Scots are very nationalistic. This comes from their centuries-long struggle against the British rule. Partly because the Scots attach great importance to their traditions. Scotland may is part of the UK, but has it’s own independent parliament and they have their own images on the pounds. During a visit to Scotland, you are confronted several times with the turbulent history of the country. Historical figures such as William Wallace, Mary Stuart and Rob Roy MacGregor
play an important role in Scottish history.[1]
[1] http://www.scotlandinfo.eu/scottish-culture-and-traditions/
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Scotland
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people
Music
Scotland is worldwide known for there typical and traditional music. Altough there are many more genres discovered in the past years with an huge pop and top records industry, the Scottish music, may whatlet you think about castles and mountains by rivers, is still making there way though the 20th and 21st century and kept there traditional aspects.
Kilts & Tartan
Kilt is a garment that is specially meant for men. The Tartan or the pattern of the kilt indicate those clan belongs to the carrier. For those who do not own clan, kilts for sale are also having a general pattern and may therefore be borne by everyone. There are two traditional types of kilts: Scottish and Irish but in Ireland they are called Leine instead of kilt. Scottish kilt is characterized by the tartan and the Sporran, a small pouch that is worn on the front of the kilt. This case
belongs to the standard equipment of a kilt because there are no pockets found in a kilt. It also serves as a kind of belt. The socks will be a sgain Dudh carried a small dagger. Traditionally, there is no underwear worn under a kilt except during hihglandgames or during the Scottish dancing as if your husband being then perhaps reveal a bit too much of yourself. The socks are constructed on official occasions but afgestropt during unofficial occasions. [1]
Bagpipe
Bagpipe is a typical Scottish instrument, yet there are only three kinds of bagpipes made in Scotland. These are the Highland Pipes, small pipes and Northumbrian pipes. The best known are the Highland pipes. These large bagpipe owes its fame to the fact that the instrument is used in the
British Army. For this Highland pipes are also provided, as it is a very loud instrument but has a very limited range. Small pipes and the Northumbrian pipes are much more musical therein against and may also be used in combination with other instruments. [1]
Celebrities
Calvin Harris
Calvin Harris also known as Adam Richard Wiles was born in Scotland on 17 january 1984. He is a singer, songwriter, Dj and model. His first studio album is called “I Created a Disco” and was launched in june 2007. After his first album Calvin Harris released his second album called “ Ready for the Weekend”. Some of his well known songs are Need your love, Feel so close, Thinking about you, We found love and not to forget This is what you came for.
Calvin Harris first began recording demos in 1999. At the age of 18 Calvin released two songs called “Da Bongos” and “Brighter Days”. Calvin decided to move to Londen in hopes te learn more of the music scene. Calvin Harris is currenty living in the United States.
Calvin Harris was nominated for 4 Grammy Awards including We found love, Let’s go, “Sweet Nothing, 18 Months. And won 1 Grammy (We found love ft. Rihanna). [2]
Shirley Manson
Known for her singing and Acting Shirley Manson was born on 26 august 1966. She is the lead singer in the rock band Garbage. Her musical career began in her teens when she was asked to perform as backing vocals for a band called Goodbye Mr.Mackenzie, Shirley Manson created an album with her band called the Angelfish. after that the rock band Garbage asked her to audition and record some vocals. Eventually Manson co-wrote an entire album with the band.
In 2006 Shirley Manson began to write and record solo, in 2008 she started her professional acting career in the second and also the final season of the serie Terminator: The Sara Connor Chronicles. In 2010 Shirley Manson returned to the studio to write and produce songs for the groups fifth album called Not your Kind of People. [2]
[1] https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Harris
[2] https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Manson
cotland claims to be the birthplace of many diffrent sport that we now know as golf, shinty and curling. One of the most Scottish sport events is the highlandgames.
Golf: golf was invented by the Scottish as a way of keeping the English from entering their country. This way was invented because if they had no more arrows thay had to fall back to stones wich they hit with clubs made from wood this is what we now days call golf.[1]
Shinty: shinty is very similar to hockey in a fashion that you play it with a ball and a stick. There are some major differences between shinty and hockey one of those is that the ball used in shinty can also be passed trough the air. Shinty is also the game that was the base for hockey and ice hockey as it spread around the world.[2]
Curling: curling is like bowling but then on ice and rather trieing to make the ball roll over the ice you are ment to make it slide across the ice and land in a diffrent array of circles that are placed inside eatchother.[3]The largest diffence is that the object you throw is amde from sotne and not plastic like many other sports.
The Highland Games: The Highland Games was a 19th century continuation of
traditional clan play from the highlands of Scotland. Thew event is once a year and features many diffrent
activeties. The names of tose activeties are:[4]
Caber toss: this is a game where you trie to throw a logg as high as possible whilst making a flip forward other wise the throw is invallid. also the throw has to be performed with the largest end of the log on top [4]
Stone put: is a game in wich you trie and throw a rock wich weighs about 7,25KG as far away as possible. [4]
Hammer throw: the game is about who can throw a stick with a heavy ball attached to it as far away as [4]
Weight throw: is a game in wich there is a heavy weight attahced to a short cable and has to be thrown as far away as possible. the weight is only allowed to be held by one hand. [4]
Weight over the bar: in this game you are supposed to throw a weight with a handle attahced to it backward over a cord as high as possible. the cord is gradually higherd every throw so in the end there will only be one person left. [4]
Sheaf toss: a filled jute bag that weighs about 9KG has to be thrown with a pitchfork onto a beam wich can be higher then 10M. [4]
Sport
S
[1] http://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/sport/golf
[2] http://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/sport/shinty
[3] https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling
[4] https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Games
Whisky
Whisky is a national drink in Scotland. There are some rare bottles of whisky that could sell for thousands of pounds. so you could say that whisky is very important for Scotland. There are five whisky regions scattered all over Scotland, and each one of them has their own unique whiskey to choose from. one has sweet and fruity flavor. while the other has some salty notes from the sea. There are even some that are steeped in smoke. So as you can see there are lots of different whiskey’s to choose from you just have to find it1
Scottish Whiskey is originally made from malted barley and it must be made in a certain manner that is specified by law. Scottish Whisky is aged in oak barrels for at least three years.
the average of whisky is 60 to 85 percent grain. some of them are high quality grain. Blended scotch whiskey contains malt whisky and grain whiskey.2
Food
The french cuisine played a huge role in the late middle ages. there are alot of different traditional recipies in scotland for example, Cullen skink and Haggis. Beef and seafood are also very important in the scottish cookery.3
Haggis is a pudding and a traditional recipe in scotland. It is made from sheep’s pluck (the heart, liver and lungs.) mixed with minced onions, oatmeal and some spices. Scottish whiskey is seen as a good combination with haggis. A fun trivia about haggis is that there is a sport called haggis hurling. the game is about throwing a haggis as far as possible.4
Cullen skink is a scottish soup and is made from smoked haddock, potatoes and onions. this soup is speciality in the town of Cullen located in Moray. on the north-east coast of scotland. it is served as and everyday dish in the north of scotland.5
Burnt Cream also known as Créme Brûlée is a dessert in scotland made of a custard base mixed with hard caramel. It’s a traditionall dish in Scotland. Burnt Cream is originally from the french cuisine and is served at room temperature.6
Porridge is made from boiling ground, crushed and chopped starchy plant. its cooked and served with sugar, honey and much more. It’s a hot savoury dish served in a hot bowl. Porridge is also called a Oat Porridge. and is a traditional breakfast recipe.7
1 https://www.visitscotland.com/see-do/food-drink/whisky/
2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_whisky
3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_cuisine
4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggis
5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullen_skink
6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_br%C3%BBl%C3%A9e
7 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porridge
Food & Drinks
Extra Politiek
cotland is part of the UK parlement and makes up a smal part of it. This was not always the case since Schotland used to have its own parliament wich was abolished in 1707.[1]
S
Schotlands old parliament: Schotland used to have its own parliament wich excisted from 1140 to 1707. In 1707 the Scottish parliament was abolished. [2]
Scottland and the BREXIT: Scottland wanted to be independed in 2014 because they didn’t want to exit the EU. so they voted about if they wanted to stay in the UK and in that aspect leaving the EU. To most it was a suprise when the results came in and 55,3% of people voted for not leaving the UK and 45,7% did want to leave the UK. [3]
Parliamentary seats: Scotland is part of the United Kingdom en makes up about 9% procent of the parliamentary seats in London. This number is reasonably high seeing that Scottland only makes up 14-15% of the UK population. [4]
[1]