Davidsona is a small french colony in Central America that has recently gained its independence from France. The country’s independence movement was led by Sister Sophie a nun, that today at her age of 75 has no political aspirations. In relation to the new political atmosphere of the country there is a division between the two main political parties that have emerged after the independence that are almost dividing the vote, and this political parties are the Fisher Party, lead by Pierre Pike and the People’s Party, lead by Camila Citoyen. There are also two small political parties that own 20% of the popular vote, which are the La Ville Party and the Green Party. Most of Davidsona’s citizens are fisherman and the country’s GDP per capita is of $6000, which is considerably low. Looking on to the future the country’s main resource in the fishing industry is a fish named surgeonfish that recently got famous due to a Disney cartoon, creating high demand for the fish. Also the country should start gaining money with the gold mine that is now owned by the country. Recent gathering of information shows the country and its people are open to industrialization, but do not have enough money to invest on it. The country’s demographics are homogenous which means most of the people have the same ethnic background, and the main religion is catholicism.
In constitutional design there are two main systems of government used in all countries around the world, the Unitary system or the Federal system. The unitary system gives the power to the central government, where the central government has the authority over the subnational governments. The federal system divides the power between the central and subnational governments, where the subnational government has more authority in the government and can make decisions for their state without interference from the central government. Davidsona is a small country that does not have a big division between regions and has recently gained it’s independence, so I believe the country should have a Unitary system of government. Davidsona is a small country with it’s largest city being La Ville, normally we see federal systems of government in countries like the US and Germany were the countries are big and have large divisions in relation to the economy, politics, education and even historical background. But when you have a country like Davidsona which is relatively small, homogenous and most of it’s population work in the same industry there is no clear reason for division since it has also recently gained it’s independence, a central government with full authority over the country should be what is best for Davidsona.
Constitutions separate powers among three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial branch. The judicial is in charge of handling the law, in relation to it’s application and how is it going to be funded. In some countries the constitution allows for judicial review. Judicial review allows a specific court in the judicial branch to check on the executive and legislative branches. There are three types of judicial review, concrete where it is required a specific case to conclude if that certain law is constitutional, abstract where every law passed by the parliament is examined before being put into effect, and finally there is parliamentary sovereignty where if the parliament passes a law it is automatically considered constitutional. I believe judicial review is good, because it gives power to the judicial branch whom takes care of the law, so I recommend for Davidsona to have an abstract judicial review. Abstract judicial review makes the process of passing a law faster than the concrete judicial review and it also gives a good amount of power to the judicial branch. Abstract judicial review in my opinion is also better than parliamentary sovereignty for Davidsona, because in parliamentary sovereignty there is an absence of examination of the law before being accepted and put into effect in society.
One of the basis of a country’s constitution is it’s executive-legislative relations, and most democratic countries around the world have one of these three systems which are presidential, parliamentary or semi-presidential. A presidential system has a president as the leader of the executive branch, and this president is elected by the people and combines the functions of head of government and head of state. In the parliamentary system a prime minister is elected by the parliament and serves as head of the executive branch. The semi-presidential system is a hybrid system, where the President is chosen by the people and the Prime minister is chosen by the President, where both work side by side but the President has more authority over government, is head of state and also head of the executive branch. Also in semi-presidentialism the president focuses on foreign policy, while the prime minister focuses on domestic policy. This system is most known for it being the one used in France. I believe that for Davidsona the best executive system would be the semi-presidential system. I recommend this system for Davidsona, because I believe that in a democratic system the leader of a nation should be chosen by the people, but division of power is not bad in relation to a president concentrating on foreign policy and a prime minister concentrating on domestic policy. Besides adopting a form of political system related to the one their colonizers had, it makes it easier for the understanding on the people and the division of government. This is crucial in my opinion for Davidsona, because I believe this new independent country should open it’s doors to the global economy, but also at the same time concentrate on how to control and distribute what the country now has and how it will use this to grow and prosper as a nation in the future.
In every democratic country politicians and their political parties are chosen mostly by the people using one of two types of electoral systems. Electoral systems are the rules settled by the people and the government to choose candidates to represent the people. One of the types of electoral systems is district electoral system and the other type is proportional representation electoral system. In the district electoral system the candidate with the most votes in the certain district gains 100% of the votes of that district, and it does not matter if the candidate won by a difference of less than 1% of the vote, which has happened. In district electoral systems there is also two types of systems inside this electoral system in regards to the counting of votes, one is plurality and the other is majority. In plurality the candidate with the majority of votes wins, while in majority there would be a second round of voting were only the two top candidates participate, and the winner with majority voting over the 50% of voters wins. In the proportional representation electoral system the votes are given to the candidates proportionally as an example, if candidate A won 47% of the votes and candidate B won 45% of the votes, candidate A will get only 47% of the votes and candidate B will get 45% of the votes, this way it is distributed proportionally. There is also two types of systems of voting inside this electoral system, open list or closed list PR. In the open list system the voter chooses a certain candidate, while in the closed list PR the voter chooses a certain political party and seats are distributed according to the percentage the party obtained from the election. There is also mixed electoral systems like it is now in Germany were politicians are chosen by different types of electoral systems, depending on the position they are being elected for. For Davidsona I recommend that the best type of electoral system for the country would be the proportional representation electoral system. The proportional representation electoral system in my opinion is the most democratic one, because candidates are given the amount of votes they receive and the votes by that are not divided by region where the rules is winner takes all. Also inside the proportional representation electoral system for Davidsona I recommend for their to be a mixed electoral system between the presidential election and the parliamentary election. For the presidential election I recommend for the electoral system to be a runoff majority system, since in my opinion I believe that the president in a democratic society should win the election by majority voting of the population. But in regards to the Parliament, due to the division between the Fisher Party and the People’s Party and also the small but active presence of the Green Party and La Ville Party, the voting should be done by closed list so there can be participation from all of this parties inside the Parliament, even if one party get’s only 15% of the vote for participation in the Parliament, at least they will be able to represent their small amount of voters with a few legislators in the Parliament. I believe that the most fit political party to rule over Davidsona is the People’s Party do to these party having as its main priority the country’s development. By doing a runoff majority voting, on the second round of voting the voters of the La Ville Party that have 15% of the vote will fill more closer to the views of the People’s Party and vote for them due to both having the development of the country as the number one priority in government. By this happening the People’s party will gain at least 55% of the vote in the second round, making them the winners of the election.
In relation to Economic governance and policy making there are three main development models that Davidsona could use to benefit its economy. Market-Led development is an approach by the government were the state tries to control the economic behavior of the market as little as possible. In market-led development there are also policy ideas like the Washing Consensus that advocates free trade, floating exchange rates, free markets and macroeconomic stability, and there is also the policy of export-led growth which is a strategy for achieving economic growth dependent on sending natural resources or industrial products for sale in foreign markets. Another development model is state-led development, which is an approach to economic management where the state plays a prominent role in coordinating the behavior of economic actors and intervening in the economy. In state-led development there is also the presence of policy ideas like ISI that advocates for import substituting industrialization. The last type of development model is Socialism were policy mostly focus on industrialization inside the country closing it’s borders from the foreign market and globalization, with the goal of achieving economic equality for all the citizens of the country. I would recommend that the best development model for Davidsona would be market-led development focusing mostly on export led growth. We can see from other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean that had used this models how opening up to the global economy can help the country develop it’s economy like Brazil did, and how when Brazil was deprived of global markets it affected it’s economy. By using this development model Davidsona would open it’s market to the world and be able to grow faster and become more stable economically and the country can do this by industrializing the coasts, which is something it’s citizens not only approve of but also want, and start selling it’s gold into the foreign market so it can build the funds to be able to start investing in it’s own country. Also by using market-led development Davidsona would be focused towards concentrating in export led growth to expand foreign investment in the country and by this achieve economic stability for the country and it’s citizens.
Finally, Davidsona is a new and small country that has the economic resources and the political aspirations to become a nation that works for it’s citizens and can have an important representation in both the political and economic world. By using the political structure and the development model recommended in the text above, Davidsona should be able to grow and prosper in not a long time. If Davidsona follows democratically and accordingly the political structure and economic plans the country has it would be creating a safe, important and economically stable society for it’s citizens.
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