Research School Project
War Refugees
Africa and the Middle East
Khaydey Syri
Julian Vreeling
Havo 4 and Havo 5
2015 – 2016
Coach: Mrs Brinkman
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements Page 3
Biography Page 4
Introduction Page 5
What is a refugee? Page 6
Why does people have to flee their country? Page
Who are coming to Europe? Page
What are the consequences for the flow of refugees to Europe? Page
Is there a solution for the refugees? Page
Page
Afterword Page
Index Page
Attachments Page
Planning Page
Acknowledgements
During this project there were are a lot of people who were willing to help us. We want to thank all these people and institutions for their help:
– UNHCR Netherlands, The Hague
– Windesheim Honours College
– University of Wageningen
– Vluchtelingenwerk Netherlands
– Community Steenwijkerland
Biography
We, Khaydey Syri and Julian Vreeling are two students from the RSG Tromp Meesters High School in Steenwijk. This year Julian will finish his fith year of education and Khaydey has only one year to go then. We both follow the profile Economy and Society. We both have got the subjects French. Only Khaydey has got BSM and Julian has got Geography.
After this education Julian (17) will study something with international development. He probably wants to study Global Project and Change Management at Windesheim University. Khaydey (16) probably wants to do something with media and entertainment. He is not sure what he wants to study but he also has one more year on high school.
It’s difficult to tell what we want to do after finishing our education. Julian wants to travel all around the world and work in development countries as an international project manager with organisations like UNICEF or UNHCR. Khaydey is not sure what he wants to do after his education, but he probably wants to do something with media and entertainment, working with games, movies or music.
Introduction
Our projects is about war refugees from Africa and the Middle East. We chose for this subject because we are interested in the current events taking place in our world. We think it is terrible what is happening in the war zones in the Middle East and parts of Africa and peoply because of that have to flee from their country. In Europe there is a lot of criticism about refugees. We want to know more about the consequences of and for refugees and what the future will look like for these people.
Main-question:
What does the future looks like for war refugees from Africa and the Middle East?
Sub-questions:
What is a refugee?
Why does people have to flee their country?
Who are coming to Europe?
What are the consequenses for the flow or refugees to Europe?
Is there a solution for the refugees?
What is a refugee?
According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is someone who "because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, because of such fear, is unwilling to avail of the protection of that country … "
In the Netherlands, a refugee is someone who has gone through the asylum procedure and has successfully obtained asylum (and refugee status).
Difference between a refugee, asylum seeker and migrant
By unrest in various places in the world Europe in the autumn of 2015 stormed by hundreds of thousands of people, mostly from Africa, Syria and other countries in the Middle East. They stabbing parts of the Mediterranean Sea in often rickety boats, with all the risks and consequences, to then continue their way on the European continent. Such a stream of people leads to great tension in various places on the continent, for example in Calais and the Serbian-Hungarian border.
Many of these people are fleeing war, violence and other troubles in Europe and hope to find a safe haven. You can argue about whether or not these people have somewhere to go (and can be), but it is important to realize that the one person to the other is not here; People come for all sorts of different reasons for 'fortress Europe' and that makes it so not everyone can be grouped under the same term. On the Internet, the journal and any other source of news flying the terms refugee, asylum seeker and (to a lesser extent) migrant your ears. But what exactly is what and who is who; if someone is a refugee, an immigrant, and so on.
The asylum seeker
In the Ancient history, people in Greece flights to a temple or shrine. There are they under the protection of divine powers, who are dedicated to the temples and altars. Such a retreat is called in those days a asulon. That is Greek for sanctuary or refuge. The word asylum has been derived from asulon, meaning protection. An asylum seeker is someone who applies for asylum in another country. He left home and hearth and asks another country to take him. This can happen for various reasons; often someone asks for asylum because he is in the country of origin is no longer safe because of eg race, religion or political convictions. Many people also ask for asylum for economic reasons; They hope to build because of poverty in the country of origin of a better life elsewhere.
Someone who makes a request for asylum request to be recognized as refugees – this is for that person to the desired outcome of the asylum procedure because the applicant in this case will first receive a temporary asylum permit; the country where asylum is requested acknowledges that the person in question cannot safely return to their country of origin and, if asylum to the refugees. When someone applies for asylum for economic reasons is the country of application is not obliged to grant asylum, it is finally not that the person is not living in the home country is sure.
Review of the application shall include reference to the situation in the country of origin (by specially trained teams). Be it is checked whether somebody violated rights under the Geneva Convention (also known as the Refugee Convention) and the European Convention on Human Rights.
The refugee
A refugee is someone who has fled his country of origin for fear of violence or his life. In the Convention belonging to the Geneva Convention, a refugee is defined as "a person who is well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or because of his political opinion, is outside the country of which he is a national, and not the protection of that country or, owing to such fear, unwilling to avail himself or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence, is not can or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return. "
Note: The term well-founded fear means that the asylum application of the person in question must be approved by a country that has signed the Convention of the Geneva Convention. The refugees then will be getting asylum in the country where they apply for it.
After approval of the request (and receive temporary asylum permit) so someone can stay in a country, but only after five years the possibility exists for the applicant to receive a permanent asylum permit. Where applicants submit an application are a lot of strict rules apply and according to various personal circumstances (including the situation in one's own family), whether a refugee permanently in the 'new' country can stay.
Another kind of refugee is displaced; This is someone who is on the run in their own country, and this therefore has to leave his house. Think in this case, for example, to the large tent camps that you sometimes see on the news.
The migrant
The migrant is easiest to define the term in the row; Strictly speaking, a migrant is someone who (temporarily or not) moves from one place to another. Over the years, migrant become the term for someone with his move one or more borders to cross, think of terms such as emigration and immigration in which this word is conjugated. A person can migrate for many reasons; job, a relationship, simply because it can, you name it. When migrants do not therefore necessarily have to be poignant reasons for migrating to another from one place.
History of refugees
Why does people have to flee their country?
Wereldwijd zijn er mensen op de vlucht. Hun aantal verandert voortdurend omdat mensen terugkeren naar hun land of gebied van herkomst en andere mensen uit woongebied vluchten. Ook is vaak moeilijk n ate gaan hoeveel vluchtelingen er in een gebied zijn. Maar het gaat hier al snel om miljoenen. In
Who are coming to Europe?
What are the consequenses for the flow of refugees to
Europe?
Is there a solution for the refugees?
Afterword
Index
Attachments
Planning
UNHCR Netherlands
1) http://www.unhcr.org/2014trends/#_ga=1.150978358.1610303355.1443531918
Het Global Trends Report 2014 van UNHCR.
2) http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=&comid=4148094d4&cid=49aea93aba
Sinds 2002 is er ieder jaar een Global Trends Report uitgebracht door UNHCR, die op deze pagina te vinden zijn. Cijfers over eerdere jaren zullen te vinden zijn in deze rapporten. Op deze pagina zijn ook andere rapporten te vinden die inzicht zullen bieden in statistieken, zoals de ‘Asylum Levels Reports’ en de ‘Statistical Yearbooks’.
3) http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/time_series
Via deze website over ‘population statistics’ is te vinden welke mensen, in welke jaren, van welke landen, naar welke landen gingen. Door middel van het aanvinken van categorieen kan de zoektocht worden gespecifieerd.
4) http://data.unhcr.org
Op deze website is door middel van ‘information sharing portals’ per regio te vinden hoeveel vluchtelingen er zijn, welke routes ze nemen, hoeveel er sterven, waar UNHCR aanwezig is, wat UNHCR doet etc. etc.
5) http://reporting.unhcr.org/
Global Focus is UNHCR’s main operational reporting portal for donors and other key partners. This site provides an overview of the protection risks that refugees and other populations of concern to UNHCR face across the world, as well as regularly updated information about the organization’s programmes, operations, financial requirements, funding levels and donor contributions.