Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks
The Future, Technology and Challenges of the 5th Generation Mobile Networks
Han Bao
Data Communications
Dr. Raed Omar Sbeit
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Introduction
3
The Concept of 5G and its application context
4
Key technologies of 5G
Small cell
high spectrum transmission
multi-antenna transmission
point-to-point communication
Challenges of 5G
Conclusion
References
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
Introduction
Introduction
With the popularity of services such as online banking, education and healthcare and development of internet, there will be a tremendous increase in mobile and wireless traffic. Which means by 2020, data volume will increase 1000 times compare to the data volume of 2010. Besides, the hybrid communication among people will also demand high speed mobile data communication. It will be extremely vital to have an efficient, convenient and safety visiting and data sharing. Internet of things and the emergence a series of other new applications will generate the demand of millions of network devices, which create unprecedented demand on diversity, and wireless network related application context.
In this paper, I first introduced the concept, and explored the future application of 5g, then I discussed some key technologies of 5G network, including small cells, high spectrum transmission, multi-antenna transmission, point-to-point communication. There are also some analysis on the challenges faced in the development of 5G in the end.
The Concept of 5G and Features
Concept & Definition of 5G
5G is a new concept, as a term, it has emerged many years, but when it comes to definition, there is no commonly, widely agreed definition. But there are some definitions given by scholars based on the traditional way of define mobile network communications. One of the such popular definition states that 5G is the next generation mobile network which could offer a data rates of tens of megabits per second.1 Based on my read of the book and research on internet, I think 5G is the next generation mobile networks following the 4th generation that serves the information demand of human society of 2020 and afterwards. It is a hybrid network that require a lot of technological progress and creation, that integrate multiple businesses and multi-technologies, and that could satisfy the demand of many future new businesses and services. And its activeness will bring the user experience to a whole new level.
5G major features
In terms of the future of 5G context and applications, there are a lot of descriptions from both the academy and industry. From all these descriptions we can infer the technical needs for the future 5G, which including the following features.
1000x data volume increase. The industry forecasts that the global mobile network data volume will be 1000 times that of 2010. So the data transmission speed of 5G in unit area, especial during peak time, will need to increase 1000 times accordingly, up to at least 100Gb/s/km2.
100x number of mobile devices. With the development of internet of things and intelligence terminals, it is predicted that the total mobile devices will be between 5-10 million. Which means that the devices supported by a 5G network will increase exponentially, up to 100 times compared to 4G network. For some applications and/or special events that may require extremely large data transmission, the number of devices to be supported may reach 1m/km2.
At least 10Gb/s peak speed. The peak speed of 5G data transmission of 2020, when compare to that of 4G, should increase at least 10 times, to 10Gb/s. In some special context, the consumer needs will reach 10 Gb/s.
Significantly reduced latency, increased reliability. The 5G network in 2020 is set to satisfy the high quality needs of consumer experience in any time and places, and some high value context such as emergency communication and industry information system. So it is important to further reduce and control consumer latency, to 5 to 10 times shorter than that of 4G. And for the businesses concerning human life and/or property safety, the reliability of service should higher than 99.999%.
Increased spectral efficiency. Due to the fact that the consumer base, data traffic, and volume will be huge, the need for spectrum will also increase. So new technologies must be utilized in order to improve utility rate of the spectrum. And it is predicted that a 5 to 10 times increase is needed to solve the problem of spectrum shortage.
Low energy consumption. Green communications, energy and cost-per-bit reduction are the trend of future communications. The future 5G network will need to utilize energy saving technology to increase energy efficacy 1000 times in order to meet the 1000x traffic need.
The key technologies of 5G
New heterogeneous dense network deployments
One of the solution to address the challenge of the future ongoing demand for data traffic is the deployments of high dense heterogeneous network. It could solve challenges such as 1000x data transmission speed, increased spectral efficiency and enhanced indoor coverage.
The 5G network architecture will move from traditional cellular network to distributed, heterogeneous network where there may have many different types of network. The deployment of high density heterogeneous network will lead to both the density of base station, macro cells as well as the small/femto cells. All the cells can share the burden of base or macro station effectively, providing a low latency, high reliability user experience. But a series of unwanted consequence will be brought in: inter-cell interference. There are many causes for inter-cell interference, custom deployment and transmit power difference of different devices are possible causes.
Inner and inter layer interferences become more and more complicated, there is a need for effective interferences cancellation and management. 3GPP proposed a ICIC (intercell interference coordination) standard, where they hope to eliminate the interferences through transmit power control, time domain and frequency domain. 18-20 fr
Device to device(D2D) communications
The popularity of social networks and all other applications increased the demand for short distance data communication. However, current cellular network has many problems: coverage, volume and power consumptions. In addition to a lack of flexibility, makes it hard to meet the needs of real time and reliability for variety of businesses. Thus, it is very important to study device to device communication. As one of the key technologies for 5g, D2D will serve as an indispensable support and supplement for the cellular network. The chance for largely increased wireless data traffic, low power consumption, real time and reliability can all be greatly increased.
D2D communication has great advantage in resource saving, eliminating interference, increasing transmission efficiency and decreasing transmission cost, etc. Motorola discussed D2D communication technology on a 2008 conference held by 3GPP. Companies like Huawei and NOKIA did lots of researches on D2D as well, posted many papers.
Current industry research on D2D communication mainly focused on aspects like transmit power control and resource allocation. Others focused on mobile network and resource allocation of D2D hybrid communication system. There are also many scholars presented effective algorisms for interference control. Their algorisms really address the problems of resource allocation and interference coordination, but these solutions can not solve problems such as inter base station coordination cost too much and hard to operate. Utilizing multiple antenna to control interference is another possible solution. But although all the above solutions could solve
Small cell
high spectrum transmission
multi-antenna transmission
point-to-point communication
Challenges of 5G
Reference:
(n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G