ANURAG
15BCL0150
EVS DIGITAL ASSINGMENT 3
HIV STATISCIS AND IT'S ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT
EMPIRICAL VIEW
The 1990s saw a massive increase in number of people infected with HIV or dying of AIDS. At the peak of the AIDS crisis around 3.7 million people were diagnosed with HIV per year. But after 1997 the new diagnoses of HIV started to reduce and eventually by 2005 the number of deaths due to AIDS also reduced. Since the number of cases and deaths have slowed down and reduced .
HIV / AIDS STATISTICS
As of the end of year 2003 , around 37.8 million people worldwide – 35.7 million adult and 2.1 million children below 15 were suffering from HIV . And most of these were from Sub -Saharan Africa.
All over the world 11 out of 1000 adult between the age of 15-49 suffer from this virus. Woman account with half of the people suffering from HIV
an estimated 4.8 million new infections were discovered in 2003. More than 93% of this occurred in developing countries.
In 2003 approximately 13,000 children under the age of 15 suffered from this virus . 7000 of the people in age group of 15-24 were infected with this virus.
More than 20 million people have since the discovery of this virus since 1981.
In 2003 only it caused the death of nearly 2.9 people worldwide. Which included 4,90,000 children
GLOBAL STATISTICS
Today 36.9 million people are living with HIV globally .
2 million people got infected to the virus recently by the end of 2015.
around 1.2 million people died due to AIDS related disease by end of 2015
15.8 million people are undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
In 2014 there were 36.9 million people infected with HIV.
since 2000 around 38 million people have been infected with HIV and 25.3 million people have died due to disease caused due to AIDS.
NEW HIV INFECTIONS
The symptoms of new HIV infections have fallen by 35% since 2000.
Globally 2 million people got infected with HIV in 2014 , against 3.1 million in 2000.
The symptoms of new HIV infections in children have fallen by 58% since 2000.
Globally 220000 children got infected with HIV in 2014 , against 520000 million in 2000.
There are 700,000 fewer new HIV infections across the world in 2011 than in 2001
AIDS RELATED DEATHS
AIDS related deaths began to decline from mid 2000s because of new technology and treatment . The death rates have reduced at different levels in different countries.
AIDS related death have fallen by 42 % since peak in 2004
In 2014 1.2 million people died due to AIDS related disease instead of 2 million in 2005
HIV/TUBERCULOSIS
tuberculosis related deaths have reduced by 32% since 2004.
This remains the leading reason for the death of people suffering from HIV, compared to other disease.
In 2014 the number of patients undergoing treatments have raised to 77%
PEOPLE ACCESSING ANTIRETROVIAL THERAPY
As of April 2016 , 15.8 million people are undergoing this therapy.
In 2014 the number of patients undergoing treatments have raised to 77%
41% of adults are undergoing the treatment now , instead of 23% in 2010.
32% of children are undergoing the treatment now , instead of 14% in 2010.
73% of pregnant women have accesses to medicine and treatment to prevent the transmission of virus to the offspring. New infection in new born child has reduced by 53% since 2010.
HIV / AIDS STATISTICS OF DIFFRENT REGION
World region Adults & children
living with
HIV Adults & children
newly infected
with HIV Adult prevalence rate Adult &
child deaths due to AIDS
Sub-Saharan Africa
2010 21.6–24.1 million 1.7–2.1 million 4.7–5.2% 1.1–1.4 million
2008 20.5–23.6 million 1.6–2.1 million 4.6–5.4 1.3–1.7 million
2001 19.7–23.6 million 1.7–2.7 million 5.5–6.6 1.3–1.9 million
North Africa & Middle East
2010 350,000–570,000 40,000–73,000 0.2–0.3 25,000–42,000
2008 280,000–510,000 20,000–66,000 0.2–0.4 20,000–35,000
2001 220,000–400,000 17,000–58,000 0.2–0.4 11,000–39,000
South and South-East Asia
2010 3.6–4.5 million 230,000–340,000 0.3–0.3 210,000–280,000
2008 3.5–5.3 million 150,000–590,000 0.2–0.4 230,000–450,000
2001 2.9–4.5 million 150,000–180,000 0.2–0.4 120,000–220,000
East Asia
2010 580,000–1.1 million 48,000–160,000 0.1 40,000–76,000
2008 480,000–1.1 million 29,000–84,000 <0.2 24,000–63,000
2001 350,000–510,000 4,900–130,000 <0.2 8200–17,000
Oceania
2010 48,000–62,000 2,400–4,200 0.2–0.3 1,200–2,000
2008 66,000–193,000 12,000–15,000 0.3–0.5 <1000-1400
2001 19,000–39,000 3,000–5,600 0.1–0.3 1,100
Latin America
2010 1.2–1.7 million 73,000–140,000 0.3–0.5 45,000–92,000
2008 1.5–2.1 million 88,000–190,000 0.4–0.6 49,000–98,000
2001 1.2–1.6 million 56,000–220,000 0.3–0.5 44,000–100,000
Caribbean
2010 170,000–220,000 9,400–17,000 0.8–1.0 6,900–12,000
2008 210,000–270,000 16,000–25,000 1.0–1.2 11,000–16,000
2001 180,000–250,000 17,000–25,000 0.9–1.2 13,000–21,000
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
2010 1.3–1.7 million 110,000–200,000 0.8–1.1 74,000–110,000
2008 1.1–1.9 million 67,000–180,000 0.6–1.1 41,000–88,000
2001 490,000–1.1 million 98,000–340,000 0.3–0.6 5,500–14,000
Western & Central Europe
2010 770,000–930,000 22,000–39,000 0.2–0.2 8,900–11,000
2008 580,000–1 million 14,000–49,000 0.2–0.4 4,800-17,000
2001 500,000–870,000 19,000–76,000 0.1–0.3 <15,000
North America
2010 1.0–1.9 million 24,000–130,000 0.5–0.9 16,000–27,000
2008 760,000–2 million 9,600–130,000 0.4-1.0 9,100-55,000
2001 390,000–1.6 million 40,000–63,000 0.4–0.8 18,000–31,000
IS THERE A CURE FOR HIV
Till now there is no cure for HIV but the death sentence of HIV has changed into a manageable disease. Major steps have been taken to control the virus. The focus now has ,mainly shifted on blocking the affect of virus . They are using two of the methods to find a cure.
• either flush out and kill the dormant HIV hiding in the cells.
• or allow the patients body to resist HIV by altering their DNA.
VARIOUS METHODS TO PREVENT HIV
1) CONDOMS
Till now they are the best methods to protect a person from getting infected via HIV virus .Correct use of HIV can reduce the spread of HIV
2) PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
It is used with other methods , it can be effective in preventing from an infected partner. It consists of taking a fixed dose combination of two drug as a pill every day by HIV negative partner .
3) POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
Antiretrivol drug is taken after a single high-risk event within 72 hrs of exposure in order to reduce a chance of infection. A 28 day routine is followed to prevent any case of infection.
4) MODIFIED HIV VIRUS TO PREVENT AIDS
A scientist developed a way to use HIV against HIV . He invented a protein 'NULLBASIC' by mutating an HIV virus. This is not a cure to virus but it can stop virus and wouldn't let it develop into AIDS.
5) PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY
It involves periodical administration on HIV antibodies in the infected person to control the multiplication of virus. This method according to research is better than use of other drugs.
6) MX2 GENE
This inhibit the HIV virus from spreading once it has entered the body .
7) GENETICALLY MODIFIED CELLS
This new gene therapy is a huge success and have raised hopes for a cure of HIV. Patients defences against HIV were raised once their natural cells are replaced with modified cells.
8) MELITTIN FROM BEE VENOM
A toxin from bees venom called MELITTIN have a potency to kill HIV virus. This is used to make a gel which can be used to stop transmission of HIV virus.
9) RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY
RIT uses monoclonal antibodies – cloned cells to identify and neutralise antiagents . In RIT antibodies bind to virus and kill them via radiation. When HAART and RIT are used together they kill virus and cells both.
10) NeF PROTEIN
These are next generation HIV- resistant protein. It hijacks host protein and is essential to HIV's lethality.
11) TENASCIN -C PROTEIN
The protein in breast milk binds to and neutralizes the HIV virus, protecting exposed infants who might otherwise become infected from repeated exposures to the virus. The discovery could lead to potential new HIV-prevention strategies.