4.7 Hypothesis Testing
Multiple regressions was run in order to test the proposed hypothesis of the research and to explore the relationship of bonuses, social rewards, economic rewards, program loyalty, non-financial rewards and openness with job satisfaction. Collins (2012) Hypothesis were accepted on criteria of p<0.05 (Hair et al., 1999; Sila, 2007; Spreitzer, 1995; Tari, Molina & Castejón, 2007; Ullman & Bentler, 2004). According to the values generated by path analysis, all the hypothesis are accepted because p<0.05 Collins (2012). All the dependent variables are significant as p>0.05. Hence, H1, H2, H3, H4 and H6 are accepted.
H1: Trust has a significant relationship with supply chain management.
Trust has p value of 0.34 which shows that there exists a relation among trust and the supply chain management. So the hypothesis 1 is accepted and this significant relationship is supported by Collins (2012) in his research.
H2: Commitment is significantly related to supply chain management.
Commitment has 0.02 significance level, this shows that hypothesis 2 is accepted as the benchmark of significance level is 0.05 (Hair et al., 1988). And it is accepted according to the previous research done by Collins (2012)
H3: Communication has a significant relationship with supply chain management
P value of communication is 0.02, which is significant at 0.05. Significance level so H3 is accepted. And it is supported by the previous researches done by Collins (2012) and Park (2012)
H4: Adaptation has a significant relationship with supply chain management
Adaptation is significant at 0.07, this indicates that adaptation has significant relation with dependent variable that is supply chain management. (Collins, 2012)
H5: Satisfaction has a significant relationship with supply chain management
Satisfaction is significant at 0.963 significance level with supply chain management. As the significance level for satisfaction is p>0.05, hence H5 is rejected. This means that there is insignificant relationship between satisfaction and supply chain management. Satisfaction is a broader term, which cannot be measured by personal opinions of individual so the respondent might not be qualified to answer the respective questions accurately regarding satisfaction
H6: Cooperation has a significant relationship with supply chain management
Cooperation has p value of ****, which shows there is as highly significant relation among supply chain management and cooperation. So, H6 is accepted. This significant relationship result is supported by Collins (2012) in his research.
4.8. Descriptive statistics
Total sample size was156 employees of supply chain department of Metro, Hyper Star, Faisal Spinning Mills, Nestle and Nish at Textile Mills. Out of them 70% were male and 30%were females. Mainly male employees were considered for this research, as their ratio is more compared to females in this field of retails. As far as age is concerned most of them around 44.1% were between the ranges of 20 to 30 who filled out the questionnaire. 34.6% of the respondent’s lies in the range of 30-40 and 21.2% of the employees were in the age of 40+. About 76.3% of the employees had their household income of about Rs.40000+, whereas 22% of the respondent’s income leaped in the range of Rs.20000-40000. Mostly the respondents had 4 dependents members in their house as presented by 40% , 28.2% had 3 dependent family members and 10.9% of the employees who filled the questionnaires had 6 dependent family members. Around 67% of the respondents were master’s graduates whereas only 3.2% of the respondents were matriculation graduates. And 34% had an intermediate degree to work in these retail business for the supply chain management department. Amongst the respondents, the ratio of being married or single was equal. Whereas, for analyzing the respondent’s experience, 47% the filled the questionnaires had a current experience of 2 years. Out of all, 19% had a 5 year experience and 25% of the employees working in the supply chain department had the experience of 10years that made these employees responses more reliable. A minor percentage i.e. 14% of the respondents had an experience of more than 10 years which shared their view about the respective company’s performance.(Refer to Appendix B Table 4.8)
4.9 Discussion
Supply chain management is influenced by various factors which include trust, adaptation, commitment, cooperation, satisfaction, and communication. According to the results of the conducted research it’s a positive relationship between trust and supply chain management. Trust is the certainty of one accomplice in the other accomplice's integrity. Trust produces relationship duties which prompt long haul relationships. In terms of supply chain management trust is vital elements, which additionally helps in the best possible correspondence of value data. In the wake of checking on different articles it can be said that the connection of supplier with client in setting of b2b is a relationship of marriage connection. The significance of trust in both cases is pretty much the same. More would be the trust stronger would be the holding in the middle of supplier and client. A comprehensive examination and investigation have done to figure out the connection of trust and supply chain connection in (Collins, Are supply-chain relationships more influenced by buyer-supplier, 2012). For this research the beta for trust came out to be negative this may be due to the fact Pakistan is a victim of institutional failure, co-ordination failure and corruption.
As indicated by (Arshinder, 2008) and Ballou et al. (2000), cooperation is a focal lever of SCM. The article essentially manages the components of coordination in supply chain management and gives a diagram with respect to it. The article uncovers that cooperation mix and cooperation are all terms which are connected together to structure supply chain coordination (SCC). In their studies they suggested there is a positive significant impact of cooperation on supply chain management which is also depicted in this research. Although, numerous B2B firms in Pakistan fall flat in keep up coordination among suppliers because of absence of learning and usage practices and regardless of the possibility that the organizations do know how to facilitate, they regularly linger behind because of inter organizational conflicts which dissuade the coordination angle.
A research by Collins (2012) is conducted to discover the connection and impact of commitment in supply chain networks. Concentrated on supply chain system of two separate nations, totally, having diverse society. Australian firms have more commitment in partners then in China. According to the results of this current research there exists a positive significant relation among the commitment and supply chain management. Firms here tend to have an association with their suppliers and clients, and facilitate them to what they are committed to.
The previous research conducted by Collins (2012) indicates that communication has a positive significant impact on supply chain management which is in accordance with the findings of current research.. After examination of the results it is depicted that viable communication is one of the fundamental variables which make supply chain rehearses compelling. Viable communication between two partners diminishes the exchange cost and fortifies the relationship.
For the relationship between satisfaction and the supply chain management the results of this study indicates that there exists significant negative relation of satisfaction with dependent variable which is against the previous researches done by Collins ( 2012) and Ballou et al. (2000). Satisfaction is extremely more extensive term, satisfaction in supply chain network happens after the procurement of craved administrations. Here firms might fails to fulfill in the event that it gets perfect measure of raw material or right detail of the due time. Essentially the inverse side of these exercises would make dissatisfaction for the firm. Also the essentials in the firms which may make satisfaction or dissatisfaction for the supplier may be postpone in installment of the raw materials, moving on different suppliers, depending on more suppliers, discounting the raw materials from suppliers and numerous others Hence the results of this research are showing significant negative relation.
The article (Collins, 2012) clarifies the relationship of adaptation with supply chain management as to be significant positive relation which is in accordance with the findings of current research. After the analysis of the results it can be established that here the majority firms tend to have adaptation in terms of new operations and technology etc which enhances the relationships between the entities involved in supply chain management
4.10 Conclusion
From last few years, because of absence of hindrances of exchange over the nations organizations have now begun exchanging and working universally in distinctive nations. Because of this, supply chain networks have a considerable measure of significance and organizations are ceaselessly attempting to make their supply chain networks effective as supply chain networks are the drivers of expense and quality which helps in attaining to operational magnificence. The exploration gives diverse variables, which influence supply chain management; then again, it causes distinctive organizations to assess their supply chain networks.
The research concludes that the adaptation, commitment, and communication are the crucial factors for keeping up buyer supplier relations. The study is essentially more versatile to business to business markets. These are the variables, which ought to be looked upon by changed organizations to make their supply chain networks effective and enhance their relations with their suppliers, which could help in lessening different expenses, and enhancing quality which would in the end enhance general execution
4.11 Limitations of Research and Future Research
The examination for this research was restricted to organizations in Lahore and the example size was less. For future prospects, the specimen size selected for the research can be more prominent. Examination of the data may take place on a worldwide level by focusing more on international organizations in order, to obtain a more extensive and more precise viewpoints of supply chain management. Along with that, future prospects may include additional variables and measurements for further exploration of the study. Like there are diverse variables apart from the variables taken for this study that influence supply chain management, for example, data imparting, IT, correspondence framework, data quality, information sharing and so forth.