this paper investigates the feasibility of a standalone
hybrid energy system to meet out electric load
requirements of JK Lakshmipat University, Jaipur. In order to
maintain continuity of electricity supply, a single energy source is
not a good option. In Jaipur, Rajasthan annual average solar
radiation is around 5.65 (kWh/m2/day). According to the various
investigation reports wind energy system installation will not
provide satisfactory amount of electricity in Jaipur. So, author
considered a hybrid system having, rooftop solar PV system and
diesel generator with the integration of battery bank. Technoeconomic
analysis for proposed system model has been
performed using HOMER software. Discussion of electrical
equipment/components and machines (generator, Xmer)
connected with the substation of the University is also done in
this paper.
Keywords— solar system, battery bank, standalone system,
energy audit.
List of Acronyms-
KW: Kilo watt
KVA: Kilo volt ampere
KV: Kilo volt
V: Volt
A: Ampere
D.B: Distribution board
D.P: Distribution Panel
F & L: Fan and light
DC: Direct current
AC: Alternating current
I. INTRODUCTION
In India, challenges for renewable energy are land
consumption, cost, efficiency and reliability. In case of a
standalone hybrid energy system challenges are development
of very low speed wind turbines, efficient integration circuits
and coordination with grid network. Renewable energy sources
provide an efficient and long lasting solution to meet increased
electricity demand. As renewable sources are connected near to
load center which raise reliability and reduce transmission &
distribution loss. Intermittent nature of renewable sources has
led the path for hybrid energy system.
The principle of energy audit is when the object of study is
an occupied building then reducing energy consumption while
maintaining or improving human comfort, health and safety are
of primary concern. Beyond simply identifying the sources of
energy use, an energy audit seeks to prioritize the energy uses
according to the greatest to least cost effective opportunities for
energy savings.
Sincere efforts are being made by the researchers around
the globe to prove the standalone hybrid energy systems to be
cost effective. Other main disadvantage of renewable energy is
land consumption which may lead to food crises but using
rooftop solar system and wind energy system will help to
reduce the load on the power grid without creating any issue
related to land consumption.The objective of this paper is to
simulate a standalone hybrid energy system for JK Lakshmipat
University, which is currently connected to grid on 33kV.
II. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
The following table shows the actual KW consumed in
each blokes. Total 26 blokes of University are mentioned in the
table with the actual consumption along with date and time.
Table No.-1
Date Time IET-2
(F & L)
IET-2
(HVAC)
Mess MBA
(sub panel)
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 867 300 29 23
11-4-15 7:00 AM 174 8 21 9
12-4-15 7:00 AM 384 17 68 16
13-4-15 7:00 AM 351 18 69 16
14-4-15 7:00 AM 992 254 75 33
15-4-15 7:00 AM 1069 270 37 33
Table No.-2
Date Time LRC
(HVAC)
LRC
(D.B)
Cafe New lab
block
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 56 116 0 1
11-4-15 7:00 AM 20 80 0 4
12-4-15 7:00 AM 50 128 0 4
13-4-15 7:00 AM 51 126 41 5
14-4-15 7:00 AM 83 203 12 7
15-4-15 7:00 AM 89 209 0 4
91
Table No.-3
Date Time IET-1
(D.P)
IET-1
(HVAC)
2 BHK-1 2 BHK-2
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 29 53 36 21
11-4-15 7:00 AM 9 0 53 37
12-4-15 7:00 AM 9 0 103 71
13-4-15 7:00 AM 12 1 107 72
14-4-15 7:00 AM 33 44 103 73
15-4-15 7:00 AM 24 49 98 73
Table No.-4
Date Time AIRTEL Shop Gym Admin
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 0 3 5 195
11-4-15 7:00 AM 0 1 7 57
12-4-15 7:00 AM 0 4 12 126
13-4-15 7:00 AM 106 3 11 127
14-4-15 7:00 AM 56 7 12 263
15-4-15 7:00 AM 53 3 12 229
Table No.-5
Date Time MDC MBA
(Main Floor)
Street
Light- I
Street
Light- II
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 14 16 0 29
11-4-15 7:00 AM 10 11 59 57
12-4-15 7:00 AM 28 14 56 70
13-4-15 7:00 AM 31 14 62 121
14-4-15 7:00 AM 53 23 1 104
15-4-15 7:00 AM 65 21 51 87
Table No.-6
Date Time Fire water
meter
Boy’s
hostel-I
Boy’s
hostel-II
1-BHK
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 15 10 27 25
11-4-15 7:00 AM 10 15 45 35
12-4-15 7:00 AM 24 33 47 81
13-4-15 7:00 AM 17 13 136 53
14-4-15 7:00 AM 33 32 84 47
15-4-15 7:00 AM 25 33 86 61
Table No.-7
Date Time 3-BHK BSNL
10-4-15 7:00 AM S S
10-4-15 7:00 PM 15 19
11-4-15 7:00 AM 16 17
12-4-15 7:00 AM 19 37
13-4-15 7:00 AM 70 45
14-4-15 7:00 AM 46 43
15-4-15 7:00 AM 41 40
Analysis of basic components:-
In JKLU except from LRC in all the rooms having mainly
two type of tube light Long tube which is of 36 watt and small
tubes which is of 18 watt. In the library resource center long
tubes are of 28 watt and small tubes of 16 watt. In the all the
blocks 60 watt fan is used.
Classrooms:- In the classrooms total 16 boxes are installed
containing 2 tubes each of 18 watt in every box. So, total 32
tube lights are available in each classrooms, 8 numbers of
electric fans and 1 projector is available in every classrooms. 5-
7 sockets and 16 switches are installed in the classrooms.
Library:- In the LRC total 67 boxes are installed containing 2
tubes each of 28 watt in every box. So, total 134 tube lights are
available, 21 boxes are installed containing 2 tubes each of 16
watt in every box. So, total 42 small tubes and 11 electric fans
are available.
Hostels:- In the both boy’s hostel (1 & 2) building having total
103 rooms and 1 hall. In each room 2 long tube lights of 36
watt each and 2 fans of 60 watt each is available and 1 CFL in
each balcony. Total 13 bathrooms are available in both hostels
buildings. In each bathroom 6 long tubes are available and 2
small CFL. So, total 286 long tubes and 208 electric fans are
available in both the boy’s hostel buildings. 4 sockets and 8
switches are installed for each room in the hostel.
III. MODELING OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
Generator:-
In the JKLU two diesel generators are available. The generator
details are given below.
Generator 1(250 KVA):-
S.No. – 25766954
Manufacturing date- 08/03/2011
Oil consumption- 25 to 30 liters/hour
Generator 2(600 KVA):-
S.No. – 25359810
Manufacturing date- 08/03/2011
Oil consumption- 70 t0 75 liters/hour
Transformer:-
A three phase 50 Hz transformer of 33/0.440 KV, Vector group
D-Y-N 11 having 6290 Kg weight is installed in JKLU
substation . In this Xmer ONAN type of cooling and 1645
liters Oil is provided.
Table No.-8
No Load Voltage HV (KV) 34.65/33.825/33/32.17/31.35/30.525/29.70
No Load Voltage LV (KV) 0.433
Current HV (Amps) 33.32/34.14/34.99/35.89/36.8/37.83/38.88
Current LV (Amps) 2666.75
Project modeling:-
Using all the information collected through energy audit new
model can be prepared for electricity in the JKLU. All the
calculations are done on the Software named “HOMER”. Cost
analysis and other facts related to the new model is described
below.
92 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT)
Fig. 1. Solar irradiation in jaipur, Rajasthan
To reduce the electricity charges it is required to install the
rooftop solar cells. Total 460 solar panels can be installed in
JKLU including the entire building’s roof. The quantity of
solar panels is decided on the survey basis. On the boy’s hostel
1 and 2 building roofs total 80-80 solar panels can easily be
installed. On the girls hostel building roof 40 panels can be
installed. On the roof of IET block (i.e. IET 1 & 2) and IM
block 100-100 panels can easily installed and on new lab block
building 60 panels can be installed.
Fig. 2. Hybrid energy model
Figure 2 shows the hybrid energy model. In which two
generators are connected and PV system is connected. Battery
is connected as storage device. As we know solar PV generates
DC but we consume the energy in form AC. So, to covert DC
to AC a Converter is used in this model.
IV. CALCULATION & RESULT
For rooftop solar system if we make sub system in which
15 modules are connected then it will give 324V output and
when this output is supplied as an input to single phase PWM
inverter then we will get 230V.
Table No.-9
S.N. Parameters Value
1 Length of a module 80 C.m
2 Width of a module 80 C.m
3 Number of cells in a module 36
4 Total voltage in a module of 36 cells 21.6 V
5 Number of module in a sub system 15
6 Total voltage of a sub system 21.6*15=324V
Fig. 3. Single phase inverter circuit
Simulation results-
Fig. 4. Output waveform of inverter (MATLAB)
Fig. 5. Overall simulation result of model (HOMAR)
International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT) 93
Fig. 6. Optimization result of model on categorized mode (HOMAR)
If the generators are used with rooftop solar system, then
the optimized supply system is required. Optimized supply
system has some requirement i.e. for two hours we need to
switch off the supply of air conditioning system during
working hours and hostel; mess and gym supply must be
disconnected during the Class hours (9:30 Am to 5:30 PM).
Use of electricity according to optimized way will help the
JKLU with the 40% less electricity charge according to the
current data.
V. CONCLUSION
In JKLU 33 KV supply comes from the Grid substation.
Electricity bill of the University is very high to reduce the
monthly bill this model will be useful. In India approximate
65% electricity is generated with the help of caloric power
plant. If we see environment point of view then it is very
harmful. If this hybrid model is used then the load on the grid
can be reduced and less amount of carbon is produce as
compare to other system. If everyone will start using this type
of standalone system for personal loads (House, Small industry
and Academic Institution) then this will help a lot in all the
fields related to environment, agriculture, Human health and
Electrical System.
PV-diesel system gives an opportunity for renewable
energy to supply 14% of the energy demand. Wind-diesel
system has ability for reducing the proportion of energy
supplied by diesel genset to 80%. And the PV/wind diesel
system has the highest renewable energy penetration by
supplying 24% of the energy demand. These hybrid system
topologies need higher initial capital cost but it has less total
net present cost as a result of less fuel consumption and higher
efficiency operation for the diesel genset. Reducing fuel
consumption also means less emission from the system as
shown by the PV/wind-diesel system which has the lowest
emission of CO2, PM and NOx.
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