3.1 Introduction
Bandar Klang known as the Royal City is a thriving city with a growing business sector, industrial and residential. It is located about 40 kilometers to the southwest of the City of Kuala Lumpur. The administration is under the Klang Municipal Council (MPK). Klang district also includes a 10 block planning and Bandar Klang are located in Klang City Block Design 3. It is located on the north side of the Klang River and is located in the center of Klang district. At present, the federal highway and Klang Valley Expressway is the main road that connects the town of Klang with both cities. Jalan Kapar and Jalan Meru is a major road connecting the city with the satellite city of Klang, Klang city center is divided into two regions, namely North Klang and Klang South. For the North Klang area it covers an area of new businesses, the banks, the industrial park located in the suburbs. For the North Klang Road is also including the business district, the area of institutional and government lands, recreational areas and border areas of the palace. This South Klang Road West, Jalan Sultan and Jalan Raya Timur.
3.2 Background Of Study Area
3.2.1 The History of Study Area
Klang is one of the oldest cities in Malaysia. Historically, Klang was occupied for 2,000 years ago. Note that the first written about Klang began during the Majapahit Empire about 600 years ago. This is the beginning moments of awakening when Klang which were not bound by any area. Even at that time Klang is a great power under the administration of Sultan Suleiman. However, due to the disagreement took place between Raja Mahadi civil war with the heirs of Sultan Abdullah Sultan Suleiman. At that time, Klang in chaos overshadowed by the war to size power. Kota Raja Mahadi located near the Klang Municipal Council building was among the relics of the civil war that broke out in a long time ago. Klang Municipal Council building site that is now the site of former Kota Raja Mahadi who had been a bulwark of importance to curb the advance of the enemy during the war itself. However, due to changes in time and structure that is not strong, the city built in 1860 has partly broken down. What remains is a gateway landmark Raja Mahadi imperial power. But a lot of history buried by the current and future changes. One of them is no source said Kota Raja Mahadi situated on a hilltop with a tunnel that can penetrate into the Klang River. But the hall has now been buried. Klang district is one of the areas located in the Klang Valley region and other districts of Petaling, Kuala Lumpur. Klang District is an area of 57.380 hectares. This development in this area is seen more compact than other areas in Selangor. Development of built-up involving residential, business, infrastructure and utilities as well as institutions and community facilities in the area has grown rapidly from time to time.
(Source: Klang Municipal Council)
3.3 Development of Klang
Klang is a city that is increasingly emerging as his location in the heart of the business focus. Therefore, the design of an efficient traffic system should be given serious consideration for future development. Bandar Klang was initially started by 'ad-hoc' and more patterned 'piece meal'. Previous development without thorough planning and growth occurs in stages. Spillover effects from the Shah Alam City has a variety of effects from the pressure of an increasingly vigorous development. Bandar Klang is also one of the central region has made it increasingly developing emerging as a result of spillover development of Kuala Lumpur and Shah Alam. Based on the review of the Local Plan Klang (Amendment 1) the development trend nowadays is more focused on development corridors in the Klang City Center. The Bandar Klang Utara area is more developed area and more advanced compared to the Bandar Klang Selatan. This is so because the Klang City South has been in the business a long time and a lot of the old pre-war building.
(Source: Klang Municipal Council)
3.4 Current Land use of Study Area.
The figure 3.5 shows that the land use is located near at old shop house. Most of the area around the study area is covered with commercial area and public facilities The study area is faced with row of shop house offering business and service to the public. The development of the surrounding is gazetted as a heritage zone. The design of the row of the shop house area suggest as a towards making City Klang with the image of the Royal City. The development of the area is located near with the public facilities such as school, field and residential. It shows that their area is a zoning of the land use in the study area. With the proper planning it will help to increase the economic and social in that area.
Bandar Klang Selatan is a focus area businesses such as the retail sector and processing activities such as creating banners, fax, photostat, tailors and so on. Some of the buildings around the shop are still bleak and lonely circumstances because there are stores that are empty and uninhabited. In fact, some buildings have been burning conditions, old and empty. Architectural style building in the Bandar Klang Selatan is divided into 2 types. Consisting of early Shophouse style, the style of neoclassical and traditional style. Building in the vicinity of Bandar Klang Selatan was interesting with features like facade (facade), carvings on the windows and doors as well as balustrade (the balusters) beautifully shaped dome. Most of the old buildings found in the city's southern Klang is built around 1880 until 1930 in during this emerging area. Most these buildings have beautiful architecture and nature the facade of the building has a special and interesting. Among the highlights is the physical exterior detailing on the roof of the building and wall figures that are on the pillar
3.5 Physical Characteristics Town Centre, Klang
3.5.1 Landform
Overall, the physicality of the landform in City of South Klang is flat and the sloping area. City of South Klang is located nearly at the river downstream and near the costal areas. The surface area is flat make the City of South Klang is a less experienced flooding problem because it has a good drainage during the rainy seasons. It gives a benefit to make a good development regions, in part, of economic, residential and community.
3.5.2 Surrounding Landuse
The development aspect is also taken in determining the development near the study area. The area is surrounded storey shop-houses that provide a wide array of goods offered to the local community center to buy things like clothes, wet and dry goods. But also dealing with Railway Station, Klang which is the main focus of population about using alternatives to road use.
3.5.3 Analysis of Building Physics
Information analysis of the physical aspects of the building gathered from observation. Its obtained through the architectural features of the building, building age and so on. In the same environment elements are emphasized.
3.5.4 Less Attractive Environment
The Area does not have elements that attract attention, such as the absence of plants and decorative elements. In addition beautification aspect around the site dingy and unattractive. In fact, there are buildings that are not occupied and left broken, There are some owners modify the condition of the building and build a new architectural style that changed the structure of the old building.
3.6. Accessibility
Accessibility is important too in critical factor for the gazetted historical building. This is because accessibility is the main aspect that help that area are connected with the other places. the main roads in the study area are using one way and two way. It makes the circulation system with effective on planning and they make attractive to visited and the development area are becoming more successful.
Most of the historical building are located near at the road junction. The study area are located near by railway station about 50 meter. The railway station is the main of public facilites at the area other than bus. The road are being used most of the people because it connected urban area to the villages.
The accessibility is the main important to make the system with effective and efficient for the future development. Most of the road doesn’t have a traffic light and it also control by intersection in the junction priority. The study area doesn’t make any congestion because it's far from the city. It's located far away from the center of the city and it's easy to reach and connect with the other road. It can show directly at the Figure 3.6
3.7 Design and Style
The figure 3.7 shows that the design of the building. Klang as a result of the development of the collection tin center, administrative center and the center of the Sultanate of Selangor, Klang has been growing rapidly. There are old buildings and shops were damaged and demolished. In the area east of the road there are two types of old stores of neoclassical architecture and traditional architecture. This old shop building has 83 types of buildings and historical value because of the age old design of the building, which was built in the early years 1880- 1920 and 1910- 1930. Most of the buildings on the Jalan Raya Timur have the characteristics and categories of heritage. This is due to an old shop still has the character and the potential to be conserved to maintain the identity of the area. This means that in the study area has a category level 3.1
Table 3.1: The design and age of the building
( Source: Urban Design Guidelines Heritage Municipal of Klang)
3.8 Summary
For old shop houses built in City of South Klang , it should be maintained and managed better to ensure the continuation of its life. But also to reduce the destruction and alteration around and the local activities. The maintenance process requires different approaches in various fields of science and the most important is the involvement of local authorities. With the cooperation of all parties, it is hoped the City of South Klang to maintain and preserve the natural heritage of the existing building.
Further details, this study will explore the issue in the next chapter. With the analysis is able to guide a positive change for the environmnet regarding of preservation and conservation of old shop house in aspect of historical building in the study area.
4.1 Introduction
This chapter will be discussing the research methodology and explain about the analysis and findings. For the research methodology will explain the overall research design. For the data collection purpose, which are researched about survey location, survey respondent and data collection method. The research will be emphasized on the perceived important the preservation and conservation old building shop house to the city through the perception on local resident and it will be achieve the objective of this research.
The research methodology is important to ensure that the data will fulfil the objectives and the research by applying on techniques, whether for establish the validating on primary or secondary data. The techniques will help the researcher to describe the method in order answer the objectives. The process method shall be justified to the next following method. So it will conduct a better research in understanding the process and techniques that will be applied during the method research.
4.2 Research Framework
In this research study will be discuss about the perception local resident for the preservation and conservation old shop building. The research will be used a quantitative method to the respondents. Quantitative data are a design about statistically reliable data and acquired through counting or measuring (Courtney Tylor, 2016). It will be done through the primary and secondary data. There is some example that will be explain the detailed about the research process.
4.2.1 Research Technique
This research is supported from primary data collection. Its gives more understanding about the perception the existence the old shop house in the Klang city. The sample will identify the respondent about the background of the people, the role of the image city, the importance of the historical value, the design and structure of the building, the effect old building to local resident, and the perception the importance of the preservation and conservation. In this part the research will examine and understanding about the old building shop house in. All the data is important to understand exist of old building. The understanding will help to identify the quality to improve the environment and ambience in the study area. This will also help the researcher to identify the preservation and conservation to the old building shop house.
The primary data collection, the researcher will identify the location to do some questionnaire that has prepared. The location is the area of the Klang city with the 795,522 population. The number of the survey is about 100 respondents, but most respondents are not easily discoverable. Based on the Taro Yamane theory sample population size, the sample size that have researcher choose is 100 respondents which are 90 percent confidence level and 10 percent margin error will be survey.
It recommended sample size was 100 respondents. However, because of the constraints of the time, the researcher using a convenience sampling method because it is faster, cheaper, and easier.
4.2.2 Unit of Analysis and Sampling.
According (Gregg B Jackson, 2003) collecting data is better in approach reduce the cost, time, and easier. It is a good approach which the procedure of selecting “a part, a piece or section that is illustrated on an entire “( the American heritage college dictionary 1993) is a vital stride in the exploration process in light of the fact that it illuminates the nature of surmising made by the scientists that originated from the basic discoveries. The researcher will restructure the previous set of questionnaire from the theoretical studies in chapter 2. This will customize the content of the questionnaire from according to the condition of the study area.
The question that have made is related to the perception the important which is the aim of the factor about the research. Besides that, it directly helps to understand the quality of the building, whether it demolish or maintain the building influence the environmental factor.
Since a convenience sample does not use a randomized process to select from a population, we cannot calculate the probability that any member of the population is included (or not) in the sample. Convenience sampling is a sample taken from a group you have easy access to. The idea is that anything learned from this study will be applicable to the larger population. By using a large, convenient size, you are able to more confidently say the sample represents the population.
4.3 Questionnaires Design
In this research, collecting data through questionnaire is prepared. The questionnaire divided by four sections. Section A is about the background of the people. Section B is the opinion of the criteria of the building. Section C is about the view about the importance the image, design, historical value and identity of the old building shop house. Section D is about the perception of the conservation and preservation.
i. Part A
This part consists the items regarding the background of the respondent. The question generally about ethnic, gender, origin, occupation, aim and age. The type of the question is a part of open ended question. These kind of questions only required to pick one of the provided options. This kind of question made the analyzing process easier and simpler.
• Gender
• Age
• Ethnic
• Origin
• Occupation
ii. Part B
This part includes the community about the opinion of the criteria of the building with the environment aspect.
• The purpose of visit
• The attraction during visit the old shop house
• Factors that influence the building
• Period of visits at old shop house
iii. Part C
This part consists of items regarding the distribution of the building to residing in Klang city. The question is generally about the current condition in the study area that consist of design, the importance of building, and the value of historical building, effect the old building to reside and the image of the city. These kinds of question are limiting the information related to the respondent. These kind of the question made the analyzing about the respondent feeling regarding the mechanism that has been mentioned.
• Design of architectural
• Importance of the building
• The historical value
• The effect and change of the building to resident
• Image of the city
iv. Part D
This part consists of items to the distribution of benefits of exist of conservation and preservation the old building shop house. The question in generalities about the current condition. This condition is also made of the open ended type of purpose to get the feedback respondent about what kind of effort for preservation and conservation in the old building shop house. Some of the items asked for this part are summarized below.
• Benefits of exits the old building shop house
• Effort of preservation and conservation
4.4 Data Analysis
According Mohd Majid Konting (1994), the process of doing any type of data collection, storage and analysis. It is a method to obtain useful information and the requirements of Chapter 1. All the research study must be completed as required. Therefore, there are questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The data must recorded and check if there have incomplete or missing before the analysis process begins. The data analyses the statistic descriptive with the schedule, frequency and percent of respondents. There is some method during analysis, which is frequency, and cross tabulation
4.4 Findings from Survey Analysis
1. The Building Type
There is one type of building that can be identified at the study area. About 83 units of shop houses old at there. Majority of the activity are monopoly by ethnics Chinese. Most of the building owned are privately and the type of business activities such as groceries, manufacturing, workshop, machine tools, shop drawings, photoset and so on.
2. Age of the Building
Most of the building are built in the early years 1910 -1920 and 1910 -1930. Most of the old shop house were built early an age and still remains until now. Once surveyed over the year showed the country been a period of the Second World War. Most of the building were built before the war. The design of the building gives a attractive and unique to this old shop building.
3. Design of the building
Most of the building show the 2 type of variety of the building it is style neo classical and traditional (earlier of the building). Based on the observation show that the style of neo classical is the main characteristic at the area.
4. High of the Building
From the observation show that the building have the 2 or 3 floors. The area of the plot ratio is about 1:3.until 1:4. The structure of building can modified but must get a permission by the Local Municipal Klang. Some of old shop house building are change and it can affect the quality of the view the historical building.
5. The structure of the building
Most of the building are in moderate condition. The structure of the building was strong and some of the building are damage and incomplete. The destruction of the building give a bad view quality and affect the image of the city of Klang.
6. Diversity
The diversity of the building are moderate condition, this is because the old building lack of attractive to visited of the building. Some of the building are being abounded and demolished. From the view that give a bad surrounding environment at the old shop house. Some of the building are robust but there are lack of maintained. The building are gazed as a historical building by municipal local authority of Klang.
7. Legibility
The lack of connection between the building and the people. Among of people are not interesting about the historical building. They just want a profits from the business. The structure of the building don’t have a sense of value at The Jalan Raya Timur .Among of the building are not maintained well so the age and the structure of the builing be demolish with the new building. About 15 shop house are change the structure of the building. The shop house are near at the main city centre and abilities to improve the area
4.5 Findings Analysis from Observation
From the analysis that have been done for the research, researcher found a few findings that can be consider from the perceived benefits of local residents and the findings.
I. Lack of community support the preservation and conservation
From the analysis, the lack support for old shop house can influence the surrounding environment. The community and the private company must contribute to overcome the situation of the old building shop house. For example the community perception view of old shop house. The quality and structure of the building will be maintained properly with the some influence of the benefits preserve the old building shop house.
II. The maintenance of buildings can be worse if don't have a proper of the guideline
Based on the analysis the building has a good placement in that area. This can change the proper criteria and image of the city image. With the proper guideline, it can change, especially the structure, environment and give a good attraction the city image. In addition the lack of maintained in the building can give negative impression of the history of Klang who came to visit in that area.
III. The level quality of building can be satisfied with the contribution the local authority.
Most all of the building in the area has over 100 years but, most of the raw building have lack of criteria of characteristic. Some of the building have a good structure but not properly care and some of the owner change the structure aspect of the buildings such as the façade and the age of the building. With the proper guideline can change and make the environment of the old shop house become more harmonies and parallel especially their design, colour and age.
IV. Lack of attractive building
Based on the analysis carried out, the old building have lack of the infrastructure and the surrounding area are very dull and not interesting at all. This is because to make the comfort and safety it can provided with the good landscape. For example with the good elements of attractive such as a lamp, beach can improve the quality of the environment. With a good surrounding can affect the quality image of the old building shop house. Thus can make the building are robust and attractive.
V. The identity image can change the valuable of the city
Old building shop house has an ecstatic value because the age, the material and the design. Researcher have found the impact of the properly care all the row of the building can increase of the activity community. From that can improve the environment and make the area become more famous at the city of Klang. Thus can bring a good of sense of placement, variety of activity, and many more. For strengthen then the perceived benefits from it can have a good strategy planning to create new environment that can increase the quality of life to all resident.
VI. Poor quality environment and lack of the convenient.
From the observation made, the row of the building is poor and low the quality environment. There are some of activity at the building use the pedestrian walkways as a place to do such as painting and spry. Thus can affect the view of the surrounding and the old shop house.
VII. Benefits from the conservation and preservation
There are some benefits from the research to the old shop house.
a) Can improve the knowledge and education from the heritage building. With the history and culture can contribute to the development the historical value and pass it to the young generation.
b) Can improve the quality image of the Klang city with the preservation efforts such as the good quality environment and the culture.
c) To increase the variety of the economic. The provided of the preservation can attract the people to do the business. The good facilities make the comfortable for them to visited.
4.6. Summary
As a conclusion, this chapter is the most important thing to show the historical value of old shop houses at the city center of South Klang. Through analysis that has been done, it showed that the quality aspect of the building heritage especially old building shop house can improve with the proper distribution at the area. The level satisfaction will show determine of respondent about the surround environment at that area.
For the first part is about the research methodology to conduct and managing the research. It helps to be a proper conduct the research and the survey. Besides that the second part is about describe the data that have been found form the survey. It also help to researcher to able to know the feedback and respond from the respondent. It also to know the effect old shop house to the image of the city and the impact of benefits of its. Lastly it is about the findings that are need to more improvement and proper maintained for old shop house at the study area.
5.1 Introduction
After analysis was conducted in the study area, there are several recommendations to solve the problem that are related to the study the importance of preservation and conservation. There are many of lack in the study design, architecture mainly from the point of visual quality users. In creating an attractive atmosphere for the area as a tourist attraction and visitors several problems to be fixed.
Through the analysis explained in chapter 4, the results can be used as references and guidance in formulating the recommendation. Through the survey analysis with some questioner and interview session with local authorities and community are also be able to support these and abilities to achieve the goal and objective that as explained in chapter 1.
Recommendation are based on the problems identified during the survey. This can made a clearly the study area and help to improve the quality of the image of the old shop house and the atmosphere at the study area.
5.2 Visual control in the main road
The main road is the main entrance to this area of study provides an overview of the main. It gives an indication to the public through its own strong identity and be remembered by the people in the town of Klang.
5.2.1 Sense of welcoming
The elements that can be created to attract the attention like a gate, green landscape, road, and interesting variety to the community. The existence of elements can give the attractions to be remembered and have identity
5.2.2 Uniqueness Identity
Creating an identity that can give a uniqueness that distinguishes the area. Which is the creation of the gates, landscaping and decor.
5.2.3 Adding a landscaping
Landscape elements should be made to cover the defects on the building and the area. Moreover, it can create an atmosphere of harmony and function close up view of the view of the unsatisfactory and various forms.
5.3 Increased Comfort on the Sidewalk
A path is a key component in the design of the city. Priority to pedestrians for the convenience and safety of use in the area. Some examples that may provide comforts such as creating a pedestrian protection to users from the threat heat and hot with shading along a path
5.4 Visual Environment Control
Create a good environment and the quality of the positive qualities of the area. It is to contribute to the visual satisfaction and comfort to the user. There are two ways to improve the visual and user comfort them
5.4.1 Environmental Aspects
Create an environment with elements and improvements of existing resources such as the facade of the building concerned and interesting landmarks.
5.4.2 Environment Control
Provide improvements in controlling the negative environment from obstructing the view. Which cover the facade and structure of the building from the outside views. Thus harmony and compatibility of alteration of buildings should be the same and does not change the negative image perspective.
5.4.3 Façade Control
The facade is not harmonious and standardized is a contributor to visual defects in the study area. This matter must be controlled to ensure all the history in this old shop building. Among the forms of care such as
a) Maintaining uniformity of the facade of the old shop houses in terms of architecture, and material to provide uniformity in the building.
b) Infill development should be carried out to take into consideration aspect of uniformity with adjacent lots, especially in the row of buildings that have heritage value and history.
5.5 Establish Cooperation between Local Authority and the Community of Historic Building
As a planning agencies, local planning authorities should cooperate with the community in order to formulate comprehensive strategies and programs to achieve the quality of historical buildings with the development strategies
a) However the role of local planning authorities must be increases in part of the development of the guideline in order to function of historical building which is not only to the mountain, but must be preserved in the aspect of structure and the quality environment for the city of Klang.
b) Preparation of the proper guideline and plan in control and planning of the building in that area
c) Planning infrastructure or public service needs the right towards optimizing the aspect of the planning
d) Processing planning permission based on the mandated of the building structure that will be preservation and conservation
e) With the data supported the ability to prepare and preserve making based on the accurate information from the element of quality of the building and the surrounding.
Further more cooperation between local authority to develop and preserve the historical building will be running wisely in order to keep the building to be preserved and the perceived the benefits among the future generation. They will be good a agency to give more focus towards the local economic and tourism development in the study area. The cooperation can be enhanced and maintained through the cooperation with the resident. Overall, this cooperation can improve the quality of the building and to local communities in the context of the study area.
5.6 Establish the Any Program That Will Be Related
Through the research conduct, it was found that many residents are lack of the value of historical design. Apart of that there don’t have any related agencies, NGO directly involve any program or project currently happen in the study area. For the recommendation issues they must establish any program that can attract to local people. From that the local people will know about the benefits of the program and project that will develop in that study area.
The target is to develop and preserve the building to make good and robust to the image city of Klang. The program might be to develop the quality the environment become more attractive. I can maintain the action of the program and will be supported in the study area.
5.7 Increasing Life Image of the Old Shop House
Life image is the important thing to enhance the quality surrounding to be attractive and enjoyable.
5.7.1 Recommendation of the art and design behind the building (street art)
The back of the old shop house can provide a spot for the image of life. The mural painting and the design can create an attract many people to come and visit in the study area. The criteria and type of mural are being used such as at Pulau Pinang, Shah Alam and Melaka. This mural is being interesting and can attract especially for the young generation.
5.7.2 Recommendation for street element
The street element is very important to provide an exciting and creative. This element also gives attractiveness to visitors. The road element such as sculpture, giving a creative art to make their own identity in the study area.
5.8 Conclusion
The suggestion for the image of the city about to preservation and conservation will be requires a practical understanding the aspect of the historical building. It will understand the weakness, the threats, and opportunities exist maintain of the historical building shop house. The success of the preservation and conservation will be encourage the study area to become more attractive and make a benefits to the new of changes in the study area.
Local authorities should ensure the elements in the city continue to be maintained and may establish guidelines and policies related to the changes to the old shop building. This old shop buildings have a major impact on the historical heritage of the city of Klang.