Psychology 205
Prof: Valerie Kuhlmeier
ICE Questions
October 2017
Ciana Henderson, Jess Levett, Kyra Safar,
Maria Morais, Megan Rowe and Sarah Bailey
Chapter 1 Questions
1. Identify the most accurate definition of speciation. (I)
a. When unique and different species come together to breed
b. When members of a species diverge to the point that they can no longer breed together
c. The existence of difference species in a common area
d. Evolution of different species
2. Locate which of these are not a key principle of Evolution by Natural Selection (I)
a. Offspring inherit parent’s characteristics
b. Sexual reproduction can lead to variation among individuals
c. Variations can be selected for or against
d. Mutations provide an evolutionary advantage
3. Consider the following statements: (C)
i) A moth’s wing color is due to an expression of its genetic code
ii) Language is a result of the need to communicate to form social groups
iii) A female chooses a mate based on a courtship display
iv) Some birds have narrower beaks to better access certain foods
Distinguish which of these are proximate causes
a. i and ii
b. ii and iii
c. iv and ii
d. i and iii
Short Answer
4. Explain the two factors that make comparative cognition and behavioral neuroscience complimentary sciences? Provide an example for both. (C)
Long Answer:
5. Design an imprinting experiment and provide every step that you would consider in your research. (E)
Chapter 2 Questions
1. Identify the best and most accurate definition of Sensory Bias. (I)
1. Individuals of a species, respond with increased vigor to certain stimuli
2. Enhanced response to exaggerated stimuli that are not part of a natural environment
3. A period in which experience-dependent changes can have a profound, enduring effect on development
4. Both A and B
2. Identify which region is the lateral geniculate nucleus (I)
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
3. You are presented with a loud noise. Distinguish the difference between sensation and perception of this noise. (C)
a. Sensation – once stimulated, your brain interprets the nerve impulses its receiving as a sound, the sound emits energy that is absorbed by the ears. Perception – brain starts to obtain information from the neural impulses, the brain then interprets the information and allows you to realize that it is a sound you heard.
b. Sensation – once stimulated, your brain interprets the nerve impulses its receiving as a sound, the sound emits energy that is absorbed by the ears, your brain starts to obtain information from the neural impulses. Perception – your brain interprets the information and allows you to realize that it is a sound you heard.
c. Sensation – your brain starts to obtain information from the neural impulses, the brain then interprets the information and allows you to realize that it is a sound you heard. Perception – once stimulated, your brain interprets the nerve impulses its receiving as a sound, the sound emits energy that is absorbed by the ears.
d. Sensation – organizes the information in your brain. Perception – senses the sound and interprets it as a sound
Short Answer
4. Compare and contrast the different types of attention and provide one example for each. (C)
Long Answer
5.Extrapolate the evolutionary advantage of compensatory plasticity (E)
Chapter 3 Questions
1. Identify the correct definition for the term Encoding (I)
a. The second stage of memory processing, defined by the process of modifying encoded representations so that they become more stable over time.
b. The reorganization of discrete elements of sensory input into larger units.
c. The third phase of memory processing; the mental activity of accessing stored information.
d. The first stage of memory processing, defined as the conversion of incoming information into neural signals that will be used for later processing.
2. Which of these would be considered declarative memory (I)
a. Semantic
b. Procedural
c. Episodic
d. A & C
3. During the memory process, the separate stage considered “Storage” is mentioned as a part of the consolidation process, the problem with this stage is…. (C)
a. Storage is a stage of memory processing
b. Consolidation is a two stage step that includes the storage phase as an important second step to how the brain consolidates information
c. Storage implies that representations of memory sits undisturbed in the brain for an indefinite period of time
d. Storage is only an important stage when you consider the retrieval process of memory processing
Short Answer
4. Compare and contrast working and reference memory. (C)
Long Answer
5. To what degree does episodic memory require mental time travel? Can an organism experience episodic memory without experiencing mental time travel? (E)
Chapter 4 Questions
1.. Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning? (I)
a. Pairing a loud noise with the appearance of a stuffed animal over multiple trials causes the child to be scared of the stuffed animal
b. Customers at the gym receive a reward if they work out a certain number of times
c. Children are sent to time out for being rude to parents
d. Students who received an A on a test did not have to dissect a frog
2.. The gradual reduction of a conditioned response that may occur when the Unconditioned Stimulus or Reinforcer is no longer present is called ______ and the occurrence of the origination association if delay period follows is called _______. (I)
a. Spontaneous Recovery; Extinction
b. Latent Inhibition; Extinction
c. Extinction; Spontaneous Recovery
d. Disinhibition; Spontaneous Recovery
3. Which of the following is not a reason that there are more formal models of classical conditioning than operant conditioning? (C)
a. Classical conditioning is easier to study
b. It was assumed that they were mediated by the same mechanisms, so the theory of one should explain the other
c. Classical conditioning is more likely to influence behavior than operant conditioning
d. Experimenters can control presentation of reinforcer in classical conditioning
Short Answer
4. Compare and contrast the different reinforcement schedules used in operant conditioning. (C)
Long Answer
5. Design an experiment adhering to the Rescorla-Wagner model. (E)
Chapter 5 Questions
1. Identify which term corresponds to the following definition: “Directional movement in response to whether the stimulus is identified as positive or negative. If stimulus is positive the movement will be toward the stimulus, if negative the movement will be away.” (I)
a. Kinesis
b. Path integration
c. Taxis
d. Landmarks
2. Which of the following is not associated with small scale navigation? (I)
a. Landmarks
b. Beacons
c. Migration
d. Path integration
3. A rodent is navigating it’s way home late at night from a day of scavenging for food, which tool is the rodent most likely using in order to get home? (C)
a. Magnetic cues
b. Sun compass
c. Star compass
d. Olfactory cues
Short Answer
4. Describe an animal behavior that depends on spatial cognition and explain how it is adaptive to that species. (C).
Long Answer
5. Has evolutionary pressures lead to sex difference in spatial cognition? Explain why you believe the answer is yes or no and provide examples as to the pressures that could have led to one sex developing stronger spatial cognition than the opposite sex. (E)