The Republic of Indonesia is very invested in the environment and all issues that threaten environmental security. As an archipelagic state, our nation is very interested in any policies that would decrease or offset the detrimental effects of climate change, namely rising oceans. As a signatory of the Paris Climate accords, we believe that all those who have ratified the Paris agreement must join us in taking the next step and help develop a global energy policy.
The Republic of Indonesia believes that carbon credits should be used to fund energy security by investing in renewable energy sources1. In today's world, carbon trading should result in overall reduction of global emissions, rather than simply offsetting emissions. Indonesia supports the idea that a barrier for the installation of a carbon market and the transparency of carbon trade, is the lack of an assigned amount per unit of carbon. We propose a set price of 30 U.S. dollars per ton, adjusted for inflation, with both a price ceiling and price floor to be decided at a later date. Additionally, recognizing the risk of using foreign emissions reductions, Member States could delay the task of decarbonizing their own economies, further contributing to climate change.
Indonesia is also a major proponent of "green financing", as only four major banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have embedded environmental factors as part of their credit-decision process2 . Indonesia’s financial regulator will restrict banks lending to environmentally damaging projects by 2018, and in the next two to three years may ask banks to invest in companies and projects deemed "sustainable" in order to offset funds that went to support projects deemed either "unsustainable" or anti-environment3.
The Republic of Indonesia would propose that all Member States present review and consider the Roadmap Implementation Plan for green banking as stated by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) for Indonesia4. This roadmap would start with regulation on principles and a definition of sustainable finance, policy, regulation to increase sustainable finance portfolios and end with policy and regulation on risk management related to sustainable finance program implementation and environmental analyst training and development of a green index and green bonds5. In order to achieve transparency and a singular, unifying set of international goals for green banking, we would also ask to establish a sustainable finance forum with the purpose of accelerating the issuance of government regulation concerning environmental protection and management, discuss lessons learned and challenges pertaining to the implementation of a sustainable finance program, and to conduct regular evaluation on the progress of a sustainable finance program and increase active participation6.
1 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, Republic of Indonesia 2http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2015/11/indonesia-to-make-green-financing-compulsory-for-banks-by-2018.ht ml 3http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2015/11/indonesia-to-make-green-financing-compulsory-for-banks-by-2018.ht ml
4 http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Towards_a_Sustainable_Financial_System_in_Indonesia.pdf
5 http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Towards_a_Sustainable_Financial_System_in_Indonesia.pdf 6 http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Towards_a_Sustainable_Financial_System_in_Indonesia.pdf
II. The Digital Economy and Cyber Security
According to the United Nations Geneva Internet Platform, making cyberspace stable and secure is only possible through the cooperation of Member States. This cooperation must be based on international law and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations7. Furthermore, all Member States have a stake in making cyberspace more secure, and must therefore play a role in order to achieve an open, safe and peaceful Internet8. While further research and studies are conducted, The United Nations encourages Member States to ensure their cyber methods are consistent with international law and the Charter, and establishing, where applicable, the principles of humanity, necessity, proportionality and distinction9.
The Republic of Indonesia has recently taken great strides to protect our country's cyber security. President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo signed Presidential Regulation No. 53/2017 establishing the Cyber Body and National Encryption Agency (BSSN)10. This newly established body combines previous measure we have taken into one agency, an important step for all Member States to ensure cybersecurity. This progressive movement transforms the historic National Encryption Agency (NEA) and merges a policy for information security under the Communications and Information Ministry into the the Cyber Body and National Encryption Agency11. The BSSN ensures cyber protection, encryption of high-value information, filtering of negative internet content, and the structure of BSSN is designed to incorporate a defensive cyber security system12. This defensive cyber stance is achieved through a few base activities, which Indonesia strongly encourages all other Member States to take note of, such as the “protection, detection and identification” of cyber threats and network vulnerabilities, “response” to cyber-attacks, and “recovery” of the affected operating systems13.
Indonesia has the potential to become the most advanced digital economy in Southeast Asia, in sectors such as manufacture and the retail industry; Google and Temasek, for example, as foreign investors in Indonesia, makes large scale business a prominent feature in Indonesia's rise in prominence in the digital world14. Indonesia intends to make our digital economy the largest in Southeast Asia by 2020 by reaching an online business value of US $130 billion with an annual growth of 50 percent15. In order to make this a reality, we intend to launch an e-Commerce roadmap aimed at cultivating 1,000 new online entrepreneurs16. We also plan to provide incentives and stimulus for all e-commerce participants in order to simulate national involvement17. Indonesia wishes to address what we believe to be the most important issues surrounding a digital economy: funding, tax, consumer protection, communication infrastructure, logistics, as well as education and human resources.