A good cohesion and ethics program should have a structure that supports the institution's goals but also defines its legal and ethical boundaries and, if the boundaries are approached, stimulates the institution's management. Obviously, implementers of such an ethical program should follow a consistent path in ethical decision making. A good fit and a great need to know what the ethics manager should pay attention to in the ethical decision-making process. Describing the ethical issues is a crucial part of the ethical decision-making process. When an ethical issue comes to a dilemma, courts and law enforcement authorities must answer two questions: What is the problem or the details of the dilemma and what lies in the background?
It is necessary to collect as much and as much information as possible in order to be able to give healthy answers to these questions. Also, one of the most important things is to be able to completely objective and impartial. Writing events related to ethical issues will also be very helpful in seeing the big picture.
At this stage, whether the problem is ethical, legal, personal, systematic or institutional, that is to say, its basic character, will also manifest itself clearly. If the question also includes legal questions within the scope of the problem, it is absolutely necessary to obtain legal assistance. The problem can easily be solved on this issue if the Code of Ethics and clear and clear rules for resolving the problem in the legislation have been put in place. But if the problem is much more complex and is not clearly defined in the Code of Ethics, then it is a real ethical problem or dilemma.
The positive and negative effects of each should be considered when evaluating the alternatives foreseen in the solution of the ethical problem. It is often not easy to find an alternative solution that will completely eliminate a problem. Often the differences between alternatives are generally small and relative and are shaped by the decision maker's personal perceptions, tendencies and prejudices. Options that are far from giving explicit results and are likely to cause greater problems should be eliminated at the outset. Then analyze a solution that best fits the topic and is the closest option to responding to your priorities or a combination of options in that direction. Once the options have been evaluated with all their dimensions, a decision has to be made. To see if the decision is appropriate, American expert academic Holly A. Stadler says the decision maker should ask him three questions. Once the options have been evaluated with all their dimensions, a decision has to be made. To see if the decision is appropriate, American expert academic Holly A. Stadler says the decision maker should ask him three questions.
Justice: What would you think if others had a similar problem about the ethical problem you were experiencing?
Openness to the public: What kind of feeling were you if this kind of decision took place in the media?
Universality: Did you give that action plan, a colleague who asked for advice from you?
If your decision raises new ethical issues, or if you are uncertain about the answers to the above questions, then you will have to re-evaluate the decision-making process from scratch because you may have chosen the wrong alternative. If you answered positively to all of the questions Stadler suggests, then you are generally satisfied with the decision you make.
It is not surprising that different experts make and apply different decisions for the same ethical problem. Having a single solution to a complicated ethical problem is actually a rare occurrence. But if you decide to pursue a solution, it must be an explanation. Also, if you make different decisions in the face of similar events, then the reasons must be clear. In this sense, we must not forget that being consistent and careful in the decision-making process in the face of ethical issues is a huge challenge.
One of the greatest issues that handled by technology, like for example “privacy by design”, self-driving vehicles and so on is derived from the monitoring of human behavior, collectively and individually, and its predictive potential. Artificial intelligence, through machine learning, needs a vast amount of data to learn. Technology uses artificial intelligence techniques to extract value from big datasets. We can consider that the other issue is information to individuals such as transparency. To have that appropriate information can be complicated by two different factors: organizations claiming secrecy over how data is processed on grounds of trade secrets. Another very important concern with regards to artificial intelligence is the prejudgment induced with the input dataset provided for training the artificial intelligence. As the machine learns from the information provided and has no means to contrast that information with a bigger picture, whatever prejudgment is contained in the training set will influence the predictions made. An autonomous machine or maybe autonomous robot, unlike sex robots, is one that is able to operate with a high degree of autonomy. This makes these machines particularly desirable and amazing for instance in dangerous or inhuman environments or for performing taxing tasks. For a machine to be autonomous is not important but for us is desirable. An autonomous machine may also learn from its own experience or through reprogramming. One of the most important requirements for autonomous machines is to avoid hurting people or objects in their operational environment unless on purpose for example the war drones. Autonomous machines can be considered artificial intelligences with physical bodies able to interact physically with their surrounding world.
In addition, we can say that self-driving vehicles are probably the most popular example of an autonomous machine. Also, it is one of the best cases to reflect on the ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence and robotics. Self-driving vehicles will change the way individual travel is used and organized, and may blur the difference between private and public transport. It can provide to prevention of traffic incidents. The self-driving vehicles will govern decisions which may directly concern the physical integrity and even the life or death of individuals. More formally, a self-driving vehicle, also we can name them driverless car or autonomous car, is a vehicle that is capable of navigating its environment according to a predefined objective without human input. There are many potential advantages such as reduction in collisions caused by human error, improved capability to manage traffic flow and the possibility to eliminate certain externalities to human vehicle driving like traffic police or road signals, changes in vehicles interior as no driving interface would be needed anymore and no more time-consuming driving for both professional and personal reasons. For the possibilities to materialize several obstacles need to be overcome. Among them we can give examples like the absence of a specific legal framework, also regarding liability and insurance. The new legal framework will need to take into account new ownership models, substitution of the old human-driven fleet of vehicles to fully benefit from the technology, individuals not wanting to relinquish their cars or driving them, as artificial intelligences existing on a substrate of computing power, these machines will be open to attack and intromission, the road infrastructure will need to be adapted to the specific requirements of self-driving cars to fully exploit their advantages.
Of course, as a consequence professional driver jobs will be lost which is the biggest disadvantage. From a privacy or data protection point of view, as we can see continuously through these information, the biggest implication is the use of data, most of the time personal data. Self-driving vehicles need as perfect as possible cartography to operate but also as much information as possible on other vehicles and their trips. If we consider that require for information together with new business models and the sensitivity of geolocation information in certain cases we are providing certain economic actors with an incredible profile of our daily whereabouts.