Corruption in Afghanistan
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Corruption in Afghanistan
Through down the history, corruption has been witnessed in many countries in the part of the world. Fraud can be defined an unsound way of using public position when serving the nation or for private benefit. A country like Eritrea has been affected by fraud where it was ranked number 25 in 2013 in 2014 the country was ranked number 10. Afghanistan is corruption score stands at 11 in the world ranking. Domestic and international ranking consensus has described Afghanistan worsening in transparency global corruption index. Afghanistan stands at 117th out of 159 countries which in a survey that was conducted in 2005, where number rose up to 172 in 2007 and 2008 Afghanistan was ranked 176th out of 180 and the country was is among the top 5 corrupted country in the world (Geller, et al., 2011). Afghanistan has numerous factors that make it vulnerable to corruption over years which are the growth of local tribal war, government system, conflict with another county, unstable institutions, among, others. After the decline of Taliban government, the country has been affected by corruption, nepotism bribery and extortion in the government (Livingston & O’Hanlon,) 2012.
Corruption network starts with a top official of the government where its then spread to sub-government. This system of the government network has not developed measures to deal with that individual that violate justice y committing corruption. Officials that are supposed to take part in bribery are the people who patriate in corruption which now the situation remain critical. Various surveys that have been carried out in the Afghanistan has criticized the function of police, court system that deal persecution of individuals that commits bribery and office of atony general remain under question (Fishstein & Wilder, 2012).
There are different forms corruption that takes place every day in Afghanistan but has different weight. Administrative bribery places a significant burden on the economy and citizen family of the country. Crime may either be direct or indirect or through a third person. Teachers, judges and official s that serve the customers are the most people that are prominent in corruption. One of the most recent cases that were reported in Afghanistan in 2010 was about the Kabul bank financial scandal that was involving Masood and top government official including friends of the government. The people participated in the crises were spending money for their gain as in 2012 the government was only able to get $180 million from $980 million which had lost (Fishstein & Wilder, 2012).
United Nations (UN) survey in 2012 claimed that corruption and insecurity are the main threat to the people of Afghanistan.In Afghani, today crime has taken its roots to private sectors, and the individual inspector has estimated that half the country revenue is lost through the graft.
According to an article of Para Dharmavarapu, he described the most of the standard corruption form that is being participated in Afghanistan. Petty bribery, which involves small gift in exchange for particular medication another kind of corruption was position buying that consists in awarding some official of the government to specific potion without considering their merits (Pérez et al., 2012). Nepotism was another major problem that faces the people of Afghanistan that includes in giving the position to somebody depending on the network of family bases in balk province wherein the bounder. High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption(HOOAC) have indicated that the corruption is mostly affecting the north part of Afghanistan particular where there is massive of land grabbing. Another investigation by journalist Sibel Edmonds has shown that Afghanistan waste money in fraud and abuse of office that involves up to billion dollars (Edmonds, 2012).
Bribery is most paid to secure public position in any parts of the Afghanistan. United nation study showed that the most service that people receive are not per citizen expectation, in general, they receive e poor services. There have been many cases of corruption concerning bribery which some of them are petty where other as major and critical as what has been, reported by media. The petty bribe which involves teachers, prosecutors and judges have been said when the average have used over the US $300. According to the un report, 50% of people of Afghanistan pay bribery. Bribery has led to significant economic hardship to Afghani citizens (Murtazashvili, 2015).
Learning institutional is another sector in Afghanistan that has been affected by corruption. The increase of double registered teachers and ghost teacher has been a witness in the country. The senior official of the ministry of education has participated in fixing data of some teachers and school in government portal. In connection with this city, government money is used to pay non existing school teachers and funding ghost project. Gulf today has been experiencing a problem in school where students are complaining due to the teachers who are employed have not mastered their subject and had difficulty in writing and reading. Cash smuggling is another type of corruption which has undermined the Afghanistan financial stability. In 2012 United States donated millions of dollars to combat as smuggling in Afghanistan, the government didn’t spend cash that way (Katzman, 2012).
Nepotism is another critical problem that has affected the people of Afghanistan. The traditional culture of caring them extend has been witnessed in a different part of the country where you will find one family is almost controlling valuable company and industry. The Asian foundation on the survey that they conducted they describe that people that have qualified and honest are not getting position s result there is an increase of non-employment. Judicial services down the history have been affected by corruption(Livingston & O’Hanlon, 2012). Most of the surveys conducted by UN and non-governmental organizations Afghanistan judiciary the primary segment that promotes crime.
Judges receive a massive amount of money to determine unlawful the result of a particular proceeding as a bribe. An interview carried 2013 showed that people had lost their case due to bribery. This has made people of Afghanistan to lost their properties and justice. In general, in Afghanistan there is little transparency and judges is not practiced in supreme court. An example of a case that failed due to bribery happened in December during Zaharuddin case. In 2013, evidence was lost of Ishaqza in connection of drug trafficking. Corruption has extended all way to bus stop and traffic stop in Afghanistan (Khairudin, Mohamed & Husain, 2013). Driver training and car registration on following a protocol that is supposed to support thing have changed, and something is being done black market bases. The department that deals with the vehicle in Afghanistan is the most department that is spreading corruption at a high rate and exploitative.
The illegal land transfer is mushrooming in Afghanistan as worth form of corruption. In 2003 Sherpoor neighbor of Kabul the land was grabbed and residence properties destroyed, and ownership was delivered to the official of cabinet ministers. Several cases have been reported of the similar kind where most affected are senior officials who take the properties of the poor people especially those that leave in the slam. Corruption in contraction of building I another problem that exists in Afghanistan where the government and engineers are paid to approve a lawful decrease that is hazardous to the people. The benefits are transferred to the government and the owner of construction (Cottle, Sambrook & Mosdell, 2016).
The military department participates in corruption different way in Afghanistan there any cases that have been reported of weapon tracking and killing innocent people. The New York time said in 2012 that defense force in Afghanistan had participated in trafficking of dangerous weapon and killing of 8 people of United States. The department has also lost weapons in 2014 worth amount of millions of dollars where the ammunition was sold to Taliban of the officer (Cottle, Sambrook & Mosdell, 2016). In connection with the police department, it has been affected by corruption in recent in Afghanistan, a police officer informing the Taliban of impending operation in exchanges of the bribe has caused a significant challenge in the Afghanistan.
In conclusion, it is indeed tragic that corruption has dramatically undermined economic development in Afghanistan. It is no doubt that if corruption had not dominated the country, it would be well developed. With the dominance of fraud, very many job opportunities are lost. Most of the organizations that are infested with corruption are the governmental bodies. The officials who run them are self-centered, being driven by personal gain. With the help of the United Nations and other organizations, there have been efforts trying to end corruption. The security bodies, especially the police department, has a great responsibility when it comes to taking steps forward to ending corruption. On the other hand, the judiciary system of Afghanistan has a more significant role of dealing with all corruption cases forwarded to them from the law enforcers