FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG
HEARTBEAT MONITORING SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD IMRAN BIN SHAROLNIZAM
MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN BIN AZAMAN
SUPERVISOR:
SITI SARAH BINTI MD ISA
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG
FINAL REPORT:
HEARTBEAT MONITORING SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD IMRAN BIN SHAROLNIZAM
2015810066
MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN BIN AZAMAN
2015881956
SUPERVISOR:
SITI SARAH BINTI MD ISA
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).
In partial fulfilment of the award of Diploma in Electrical Engineering.
This report is approved by:
….…………………………………………..
Siti Sarah binti Md Isa
(SUPERVISOR)
Date:…………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, we would like to thank Allah for giving us the opportunity to complete this project and giving us everything that we need in in order to complete this project.
We have put a lot of efforts and determination in completing this project. However, it would not have been possible without the constant supervision and guidance from our supervisor, Puan Siti Sarah. She has been helping us a lot regarding our project from the beginning to the very end.
Moreover, we would like to express our gratitude towards my fellow classmates and friends for giving the support and helping us throughout completing this project. Even though they were given different kind of task, it did not stop us from sharing information and helping each other for our final year project 1.
Lastly, I would love to thank our parents for giving us tips and motivation upon completing this project. They also did provide us everything in terms of financial to buy anything that are required for this project.
Abstract
This project is to design heartbeat rate prototype for heartbeat monitoring system and display the output on the Liquid Crystal Display (LED). The main focus on this project is the use of infra-red sensor to detect the heartbeat of a person based on their physical condition. The heartbeat of a person will be measured in beat per minutes. The Liquid crystal display (LCD) will display the number pulse from human that detect from fingertip. Led is used to show the heartbeat rate class. The red led will light up when heartbeat more than 99bpm, the green led will light up when heartbeat around 61-99bpm, and yellow led will light up when heart beat less than 61bpm. Buzzer will produce the sound when Red led light up to indicate high heartbeat rate above 99bpm. The range of a normal heartbeats are from 60-100 per-minute. An athlete might have normal resting heart rate to 40 beat per minute. The range of the low heartbeat is below 60 per-minute.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION 1-3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4
ABSTRACT 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6-7
LIST OF FIGURES 8
LIST OF TABLES 9
LIST OF ABBREVIATION 10
1 INTRODUCTION 11
1.1 Background of Study 11
1.2 Problem Statement 12
1.3 Objectives 13
1.4 Scope of Study 13
2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 14
2.1 Theoretical Background 14
2.1.1 A brief overview 15
3 METHODOLOGY 16
3.1 The methodology process
3.2 System diagram / specification
3.3 Circuit testing and troubleshooting
16
17-18
19
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Software Simulation Result
4.2 Hardware Implementation Result
4.3 Data Analysis and Discussion
20
20-27
28-33
34
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 35
5.1 Conclusion 35
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Reference 36
37
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1.1 Transducer 15
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3.1
3.3.2
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6 System Diagram
Flow Chart
Circuit Testing 1
Circuit Testing 2
Software Simulation 1
Software Simulation 2
Software Simulation 3
Software Simulation 4
Software Simulation 5
Software Simulation 6
Software Simulation 7
Hardware Implementation 1
Hardware Implementation 2
Hardware Implementation 3
Hardware Implementation 4
Hardware Implementation 5
Hardware Implementation 6 17
18
19
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations TITLE
LED Light-Emitting diode
LCD Liquid crystal display
EKG
VS
GN
PB
IR Electrocardiogram
Voltage Supply
Ground
Push Button
Infra Red
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
This project is limited to the normal human hand. The main focus on this project is the use of infra-red sensor to detect the heartbeat of a person based on their physical condition. The heartbeat of a person will be measured in beat per minutes this measurement is based on formula and the condition of the person.
The important thing about this project is it can measure heartbeat signal accurately with low cost operation. The purpose of this project is to create a low cost device that can overcome the lacking of heartbeat detector. It will be very beneficial towards the medical facilities to check heartbeats and to save patients life. Caffeine, smoking and stress can all lead to higher heart rates. The use for a heartbeat detector device is to gauge the effectiveness of stress management exercises.
1.2 Problem Statement
Nowadays, hospitals, health centers and private clinics are in challenge to be equipped with the most improved technologies in the world of medical industries. They are looking forward to getting the best results with the least cost. This way was the milestone and the main idea in designing this project is to create a simple, not expensive, graphic based instrument that can acquire heartbeat signals from the surface of the body and give accurate signals from which frequency and other variables can be obtained. The device can be further improved to measure other biomedical signals as well. Another option which is the serial connection and signals can be viewed and interpreted at the PC through the use of Arduino programming.
Since the use of needles in the usual process of measuring the pulses or the heart rate may be annoying to the patient, a need exists for a device that is mainly non-invasive and measures pulses in a much easier and at the same time accurate way. This device must be accurate, user friendly, safe, and easy to maintain.
Uitm only have few heartbeats monitoring system at their medical facilities because it’s quite expensive. This will affect the students because they cannot check their heartbeats if anything happen. This project can overcome the lack of heartbeat detector in campus as well as other Universities and most importantly it has low cost operation.
1.3 Objectives of Research
The objectives of this research are:
1. To design a heartbeat rate and display on the Output.
2. To construct a prototype for Heartbeat rate monitoring system..
1.4 Scope of Study
In order to accomplish the objectives of this project, there are several things that should be considered which is:
1. Write the coding of Arduino Uno R3 using MPLab.
2. Simulation of the circuit using Proteus to obtain the output.
This project is to inform the user about the count of heartbeat/min and the heartbeat rate class. Firstly, the voltage supply is 5V. When a finger touched the infra-red sensor, the sensor will detect the heartbeat of a person and the buzzer will buzz if the heartbeat rate is not normal.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 Theoretical background
The heart is an organ of human body which has a vital function, small abnormalities can have a big impact on the performance of the body. Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the world. Examination of the heart can be detected from blood flow in the fingertips, in order to obtain information about the number and rhythm of the heartbeat. This research aims to design and implement the FPGA board to monitor the heart rate with optical sensors. The results of this study are expected to facilitate the patient's medical team or independently in detecting heart health. The series is composed of blocks of sensors, signal conditioning block, the block pulse counter, block timer 10 seconds and blocks the viewer. Based on the test results of the 10 respondents with a variety of age and gender, has built a tool that the percentage error of 3.94%.[11]
2.1.1 Brief Overview
When the light of the heart beat pulse is emitted from the modules, the light will scattering through the blood vessel. The beam should be as parallel to the blood flow as possible. Velocity measurement or Doppler will take placed when the Doppler shift in wavelength of the reflection from blood particle moving the flow.
The higher the velocity of the blood flow will affect the scattering or the Doppler shift, so that the pulse module will show the high rate of the blood pressure.
Figure 2.1.1.1 : Transducer
Figure 2.1.1.1 shows the path of the light sensor when hits the blood palettes, the angle can be describe using trigonometry identities (1-cos θ) , this angle cannot be more that 90º , if the angle more than 90 º the identities will vanished.so that accurate reading cannot be archive by the sensor module , this equation produced Arthur holly Compton.
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 The Methodology Process
As for this project, it used infrared sensor at fingertip. The infrared light is absorbed by the blood, a sensor measures the amount that the infrared light is darkened by. If it is significantly darker, due the pulse causing a temporary increase in the amount of blood that is travelling through the measured area, that is counted as a heart pulse. This methods are more accurate compared to the EKG and left no marked deterioration of the patients which are more safe and better in performance and accuracy. This project also contains Arduino uno R3 as the brain of the system, fingertip infrared heart beat sensor module, reset button and LCD. Arduino controls whole the process of system like reading pulses form Heart beat sensor module, calculating heart rate and sending this data to LCD and in addition this module can set the sensitivity of the sensor module by inbuilt potentiometer placed on this module.
3.2 System Diagram / Specification
Buzzer
Figure 3.2.1 : System diagram
In this Heartbeat Rate monitoring project Arduino Uno R3 as the brain for this project .Heartbeat sensor module also used to detect Heartbeat. This sensor module contains an IR Sensor pair which actually detect heart beat from flowing of the blood at the fingertips. After the heartbeat detected by the Herat pulse Sensor ,the data will read by Arduino and send to the Output which is Light emitting diode (LED) ,Buzzer and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
NO NO
YES YES YES
Figure 3.2.2 Flow chart
For this project heartbeat sensor or known as is used to determine the value of human heartbeat rate .Arduino uno R3 as the brain for this project because it control all the activity like detection of heartbeat rate and sending the information to LCD Display.
3.3 Circuit testing and troubleshooting
Figure 3.3.1: Circuit testing 1
Figure 3.3.1: Circuit testing 2
Figure above shows our project during trouble shooting light up the LCD and display the output. There are few problems before the LCD succeeded to display the output but after adding potentiometer there are no more problems regarding the LCD. Potentiometer can control the amount of voltage going in the hence it will be able to control the brightness as well.
Chapter 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Software Simulation Result
Schematic diagram:
Figure 4.1.1: Software Simulation 1
Figure 4.1.1 shows circuit of heartbeat monitor, which contains Arduino Uno R3, heart beat sensor module, two push button one for reset button and the other one for start button and LCD. Arduino Uno R3 are the brain of the project its used for controls whole the process of system like reading pulses form Heart beat sensor module, calculating heart rate and sending this data to LCD. Variable Resistor is for controlling the brightness of the LCD.
This project can set the sensitivity of this sensor module by inbuilt potentiometer placed on this module. Heart beat sensor module’s output pin is directly connected to pin 8 of Arduino Uno R3. VCC and GND are connected to +5V and GND. A 16×2 LCD is connected with Arduino Uno R3 in 4-bit mode. Control pin RS, RW and En are directly connected to Arduino pin 12, GND and 11. And data pin D4-D7 is connected to pins 5, 4, 3 and 2 of Arduino Uno R3 and one push button is added for resetting reading connected to pin 6 and another is used to start the system for reading pulses connected to pin 7 with respect to ground.
When need to count heart rate, press start button then Arduino Uno R3 will start counting pulses and also start counter for five seconds. There is three LED which is yellow connected to pin 9, red connected to pin 10 and green connected pin 13 in the circuit diagram. The operation of this project is Arduino Uno R3 which used as the main devices of this project. This is because it can control all the system that have been used in the project after uploading the code tha have been created.
Arduino Uno R3 will be coding on the Arduino Software. Heartbeat sensors module are been used as the sensors for the heart rate beat per minutes. Push button is for Start and reset button which is to start counting the heart pulse and to reset the results after getting the number of the heart BPM respectively.
Figure 4.1.2: Software Simulation 2
Figure 4.1.2 shows, LCD is used to show the result of heartbeat value per minute of human. This type of LCD that used is LM016L which is 16×2 size. This type of LCD have 16 pin which is VSS,VDD,VEE,RS,RW,E,D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,A and K. Control pin RS, RW and E are directly connected to Arduino Uno R3 pin 12, GND and 11 respectively. And data pin D4-D7 is connected to pins 5, 4, 3 and 2 of Arduino Uno R3 respectively. VSS directly connected to the ground and VDD directly connected to +5V. Pin VEE are connecting to variable resistor to control the brightness of the display
Figure 4.1.3: Software Simulation 3
Figure 4.1.3 shows , LCD display “ Heart Beat Rate : 0” , because Push Button that connected at pin 6 is for Reset Button
Figure 4.1.4: Software Simulation 4
Figure 4.1.4 shows when Push Button 2 as start button that connected at pin 7 , detect Heart Beat 100 > 200 Bpm , Red LED will light up , and Buzzer will produce sound indicates that , dangerous heart beat range.
Figure 4.1.5: Software Simulation 5
Figure 4.1.5 shows when push button start that connected at pin 7 is push the heart beat pulse sensor will the value of the heartbeat .This figure shows that when Bpm is between 60 and 100 the green LED will light up and Piezo Buzzer will switched off.
Figure 4.1.6: Software Simulation 6
Figure 4.1.46 shows when push button start that connected at pin 7 is push, the heart beat pulse module will calculate the value of the heartbeat. This figure shows when the value of the heart beat is between 59 and lower the LED yellow light up and Piezo Buzzer off.
Figure 4.1.7: Software Simulation 7
Figure 4.1.6 shows LCD display ‘Please wait….’ , when push the start button because heartbeat pulse module will take 5 second to give the value. After the 5 seconds the LCD will display the value of the heartbeat.
4.2 Hardware Implementation Result
Figure 4.2.1: Hardware Implementation 1
Figure 4.2.1 shows the fully complete hardware.
Figure 4.2.2: Hardware Implementation 2
Figure 4.2.2 shows when push button start is push, the LCD will display “Please wait….”, because it may takes 5 seconds to give the value.
Figure 4.2.3: Hardware Implementation 3
Figure 4.2.3 shows when Reset button is pushed, and LCD will display “Heart Beat Rate : 0” , to indicate the value return to zero.
Figure 4.2.4: Hardware Implementation 4
Figure 4.2.4 shows the LCD display heartbeat rate, and LED green light up , indicate that the rate of the heartbeat between 60 and 100 .
Figure 4.2.5: Hardware Implementation 5
Figure 4.2.5 shows the LCD display heartbeat rate , LED red light up and buzzer is switched on , indicates 100 and above.
Figure 4.2.6: Hardware Implementation 6
Figure 4.2.6 shows the LCD display heartbeat rate , LED yellow light up , indicate that the heartbeat rate 59 and lower.
4.3 Data analysis and discussion
In this Heartbeat Rate monitoring project Arduino Uno R3 as the brain for this project. Heartbeat sensor module also be used to detect Heartbeat. This sensor module contains an IR Sensor pair which actually detect heart beat from flowing of the blood at the fingertips[2] . After the heartbeat detected by the Herat pulse Sensor ,the data will read by Arduino and send to the Output which is Light emitting diode (LED) ,Buzzer and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The IR light sensor is very sensitive[3]. When an object present, the light will reflect and Arduino and it will read the data and analyse the data[4], this analogy can apply to the normal human hand . After the heartbeat detected by the Heart pulse sensor, the data will read by Arduino and analyse the range of the heartbeat of the human normal heartbeat and send to the Output which is Light emitting diode (LED) will determine which diode (LED) will light up, Buzzer and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) will show the result how much heartbeat rate is detect [5][6][7].
One of the problems is when the first trial was conducted, the pulse sensor had a slight problem which the sensor does not show an output and sometimes it gives nonsense output. This happened because this project use infrared sensor hence room lighting is considered as noise or distortion so this project must be done in dark to avoid distortion.
Another problem that was occurred, the LCD cannot display desired output and only showed blue screen upon our first trial. This happened because LCD need potentiometer to control the brightness and the voltage in of the LCD hence it can display the output as the voltage increase.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, all the objectives for this project can be achieved successfully which are to design heart beat rate and display on the output and also to construct a prototype for Heartbeat monitoring system. Many knowledge and experience gained while doing this Heartbeat Rate Monitoring Project. Improve skills on using all equipment such as solder driller and others and improve in PCB making process.
At the end of project development, there are many knowledge and experience that are gained while doing this Heartbeat Rate Monitoring Project. In this final year project 2, the development of process by using Proteus and also do it in the real life really helped students exposed more and give more experienced. This project also can give more knowledge on manage doing hardwired connection of the circuit.
5.2 Recommendation
Based on this project “Heartbeat Rate Monitoring”, a lot of improvement or innovation can be done to this type of project towards making this project more systematic, creative, innovative, simple and suitable to be applied for humans to check their heartbeat rate per minute. To avoid the disadvantage a lot of improvement should be done.
In recommendation for this project, it should improve in light portable .This will make user easy to bring while jogging or doing some activities. For example, to make it more portable, use wireless such as Bluetooth for heartbeat rate monitoring. So the user can check the heartbeat just using sensor to detect and send it to the main output. Other than that, the heartbeat monitoring can be design to become smaller and easy to be carried.
Last recommendation for this project is it can be improve in robust and durable. High quality component might be used to have a robust and durable item that can stand with extreme condition, high temperature and water. All this type of characteristic will help this project more suitable to uses in everywhere.
References
1. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
2. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction
3. Author : David Kusher (26 Oct 2011) URL : (https://www.wikipedia.com/Arduino) [1]
4. Author:Saddam URL (https://www.circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-project/heartbeat-monitor-project-using-arduino)[2][5][6][7]
5. Author : Micheal Rowan-Robinson (2013) URL:(https://www.wikipedia.com/InfraRedSensor)[3][4]
6. This article incorpates text from the CC-BY Books : OpenStax College ,Anatomy& Physiology URL:(https://www.wikipedia.com/Rangeofthenormalhumanheartbeat)[8][9][10]
7. Autor :Hadiyani N
Penyakit Jantung Koroner, http://www.dokterkuonline.com/index.php/article/54-penyakit-jantung-koroner,(14 February 2014) [11]