HISTORY OF NATIVE AMERICANS
In 15th century, the grate explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus discover America. He landed on Bahamas and found a different group of people living in this land. But in 17th century mainly south Asian people established a land bridge with America. There are about five hundred identifiable as an American Indian (Alaska Native tribes) and village in the United States. Each of them is enjoying their own culture, language and history. They have unique tradition, distinct style of housing food and dress code which can easily separate them from others.
Most of the native people lost their home and people by us the U.S. Government because of “Indian War” during 18th and 19th century. That time those people build their tribe, where they had been living for generation surrounded by natural resources and captured a large scale of spaces.
In 1887, when Dawes Act was strengthened the dependence of arrangement structure by misguided notion of “Kill the Indian and Save the Man,” central laws and rules forbidden ethnic group from practicing their religious conviction and rituals, commandments that were not canceled until the 1978 American Indian Religious Freedom Act. After that the law revised to protect the Indian American Church’s from official use of peyote in 1994. Communities want control of their own ceremonial items. In 1990 their people remains until the grave Protection and Repatriation Act. It was an emergency requirement for agencies and institutions to return Native American “cultural items” to their descendants and tribes./
In the Embarking School Age from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s, the U.S. government passed a law that compulsorily removed Native children from their family unit and putted them in Christian lodging school. These children were taken far away from their clans. And they are restricted to speak their language and celebrate their festivals. Most of them were died because lack of nutrition and several disease. Those who survived in this situation, they were completely disconnected from their family and tradition.
Today, in the United States there are many tribes who are following their traditions and cultures. A number of tribes have made language learning programs to sanctuary and pass on their tribal languages to future groups. Rituals resumed into training, some local radio began broadcasting their tribal languages. Beside that new generation is taught to live with pride and dignity. Successively Strong supports several people who are part of this movement, which brings hope upon today’s American Indian youth.
BASIC INFORMATION AND DIFFERENCES
there are lots of sectors where we can easily identify the differences of the ethinic group. Some of the basic information is described in below.
Tribal Structure: Mostly their tribe is a single leader based. They choose a leader who are brave, strong or intelligent and sometimes elders or elected by the group. Before that a great warrior competition were held to get the leading power.
Society: They all had a small scale populated society and the number could be easily countable. In their society, making strings, weaving clothes, stone painting or pictorial arts, making jewelry and high quality pottery by feather, skin and bone of the animal and color were most famous activities which are still the historic and traditional symbol for the tribe.
Agriculture: In the early age cultivating Squash was a single method of food. But after introducing different tribal goods they used to cultivate corn, sunflower, pumpkin, tobacco and different kinds of beans.
Religion: It has no clue that in which religion they belong to but it was predicted that they did worship of different gods. From 17th century it is found that they mostly separated in two groups (Baptist and Catholic) who are the follower of Christian.
Gender Role: Most groups are male dominated but female have right to take participation in making serious or family decision. Female have full power of maintaining the family and decisions. Now days both male and female have same power in decision making. Beside that child are mainly belong to mother clan.
Sports: Ball sport’s was the main sports that were commonly played in each and every group. It was often played to settle disputes threat then going to war. It was a civil way to settle potential conflict. Chunkey was a game that played with a moving disk, it is made by stone. The main purpose of the game is strike the disk to win and prevent yours opponents for hitting the disk.
Music: It is the most common parts of entertainment for all the tribes. There were different types of music played by the each group and which can be easily identifiable. Mainly the use drum, strings, stone pit and bone and horn of animal as a musical instruments. Now those rarely seen to use in their programs and festival.
Food: The main food was corn and buffalo meat. Sometimes different types of vegetable dishes were prepared by the local available vegetables. Fish is not commonly eaten by the tribes.
Weddings: It is the most significant parts of every tribe. They follow different criteria for getting marriage. In traditionally they have to perform some unique procedures. Different types of color, jewelry and food are made for celebrating the occasion.
Funerals: It is the most common system mainly practices by all the tribes. The process is in general among both tribe and family members of the community provide both comfort and material help in times of bereavement. After funerals they follow their own religious norms form getting peace of the dead soul.
Technology: They were not technologically updated comparing Missourian tribe. But they were expert of mining of natural resources. Mining Iron, Coal, Oil and Gold was the main technological invention they made.
Language: Asia is a multi-lingual country with over 300 dialects. About 24 of these dialects are spoken by over a million people. This diversity is reflected in the Asian Indian community in America. First-generation Indians continue to speak their native language within the family—with spouses, members of the extended family, and friends within the community. Most also speak English fluently, which has made the transition to American society easier for many Indian immigrants.
Acculturation and Assimilation: Asian Indians are not easily accepted in the American economy and society because of their Indian culture. On the other side children are encourage to marry and take child within the community for maintain their Indian heritage. Now a day a large number of people are engaging in small business and midlevel profession. They are stereotyped in this society as professionally and educationally progressive.
Traditional costumes and accessories: Asian Indian mainly wear colorful wrapped clothe around the body. Women are heavily dressed at the time of marriage. They were very fond of jewelry, like rings, earrings, bangles, and necklaces daily, and more elaborate ones at special occasions. Jewelry is often passed down through the generation to generation.
Employment: The economic and educational profile has been developed from 18th century. In employment, the natives were farmer and worked as day laborers, but today, substantial number of them becomes doctors, accountant, and engineer. Sometimes they are found in the education profession. In fact, a recent study indicates that a higher percentage of Asian Indians is engaged in managerial positions today than any other ethnic group in the United States.
Education: in early age they are not encouraged to go to school. But the trend has been changed from last two century. Now 70% of Indian Americans aged 25 and older had college degrees in 2010, by far the highest rate among the six Asian-American groups studied and 2.5 times the rate among the overall U.S. population.
Sources:
http://indianyouth.org/american-indian-life/traditions-culture
http://www.everyculture.com/multi/ABr/AsianIndianAmericans.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_cultures_in_the_United_States
http://www.history.com/topics/nativeamericanhistory/nativeamericancultures/print
https://www.thepensters.com/free-plagiarism-checker-for-students-online.html