Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Alice Paul Describes Force Feeding. London, England, December, 1909. Image. Retrieved from
the Library of Congress. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbcmil.scrp6014301.
Alice Paul describes her disruption of Lord Mayor's banquet and following force feeding
after hunger strike in Holloway jail. She refused to wear the prison clothes or work, so spent had to spend her time in bed.
“Feminism and Women’s Studies- Equal Rights Amendment.” 3 Nov. 2009.
http://feminism.eserver.org/history/docs/era.txt.
This was a shortened version of the Equal Rights Amendment which demonstrated the key points to Alice Paul’s work.The Equal Rights Amendment was written by suffragist Alice Paul in 1921. This Rights Amendment took effect two years after the date of ratification.
"History Bytes: Marble House Suffrage Rally." Newport Historical Society. Newport Historical
Society,
10 July 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.
http://newporthistory.org/2014/history-bytes-marble-house-suffrage-rally/.
Letter written by Pauu
"Introductory Materials." Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights
Amendment. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2017.
http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt6f59n89c&doc.view=entire_text.
This is an amazing interview done by Amelia R. Fry interviewing Alice in 1976. Alice goes deeply into detailed describing her childhood (relatives and parents), college and her majors, her Quaker religion, and the suffrage work she did.
"Letter from Alice Paul." Letter from Alice Paul : Emma Smith DeVoe Papers from the
Washington State Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
http://digitum.washingtonhistory.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/devoe/id/16450/re
c/13
This is a letter typed by Alice Paul in April of 1914, writing to all suffragists. Alice is providing an update that she is attempting to propose an amendment and pass the Bristow-Mondell resolution which states that the right of the citizens won’t be denied because of sex and the Congress has the power to put provisions on the article. At the end of the letter, Alice closes up encouraging to continue the fight and to use all the power they have because so far that have made a lot of progress
"Parade Struggles to Victory despite Disgraceful Scenes." Woman's Journal and Suffrage News 8
Mar. 1913: n.p. Print.
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002716777/
Front page from the newspaper article from the Woman’s Journal and Suffrage News. It shows pictures of the parade held on March 3, 1913. On the right side, it announces the amendment winning in New Jersey and Michigan. The article itself describes the crowd and violence of the parade, and it’s struggles to set it up.
"Suffragettes and Women's Rights by Sanderson Beck." Suffragettes and Women's Rights by
Sanderson Beck. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
http://www.san.beck.org/GPJ19-Suffragettes.html.
This website gives information about the suffragettes in the United States and Britain. The site exhibits information about protests, the Vindication of the Rights of Women, and their fight for their right. The helpful part about this website is there is a lot of detail and gives quotes from several different suffragists.
Secondary Sources
Books
Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA debate,
1921-1922, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
Women spent years fighting for the chance to vote in the upcoming elections and whatever they did fail. Alice Paul was the only one that realized hat their words were not getting across. After coming back from London, she immediately joined the National American Women’s Association; however she soon realized that she does not agree with how they do things. She targeted Wilson’s Administration, pickets in front of the White House, got arrested and organized a hunger strike in prison.
Lunardini, Christine A. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National
Woman’s Party, 1910-1928. New York and London: New York University Press, 1986.
Christine Lunardini believed Alice Paul was a remarkable heroine, who courageous and very foregoing in the social activities. She started this book from the very beginning of the American Women Suffrage with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She continues their journey leading up to Alice Paul and her different techniques on how to get their mission and message across to Congress and the President.
Raum, Elizabeth. Alice Paul. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2004.
This source was a book entirely focused on Alice Paul and her life. The source was incredibly useful as it explained her main accomplishments, her history, and her major influences.
Walton, Mary. A Woman’s Crusade: Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot. New York: St.
Martin’s Press LLC, 2010.
This book describes the viewpoint of Alice and her journey of gathering women from all around the country to join her in the first ever picket in front of the white house. The author describes the hardships of the jails and the poor conditions that many women were put into because of their picketing. They went on hunger strikes and as a punishment were force fed through nasal tubes. She goes to tell of how President Woodrow Wilson was able to be persuaded into asking the congress to vote for suffrage. Overall, it provided a good point of view during the early 1900s and the movement.
Websites
"Alice Paul: Feminist, Suffragist, and Political Strategist."alicepaul.org Alice Paul Institute,
2015.
Web. 24 Feb. 2017. http://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/.
This website is directly from the Alice Paul institute, an organization commemorating the accomplishments of Alice and her work. This was one of our mmost helpful sources where it provided an abundant amount of information on here about her early life, education, the National Women’s Party (NAWSA), and her work in fighting for the 19th amendment. In adddition, we found old family photographs of Paul when she was young and her siblings beside.
Harvey, Sheridan, and Library of Congress. American Women: a Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Women's History And Culture In the United States. Washington: Library of Congress , 2001.
This book was available through the Library of Congress “American Memory Project”. It has information about the suffragettes, their movements, and how it started. It describes different women who were leaders to the suffragettes, including women like Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul. One aspect that makes this site useful is the amount of information. The website explains how it started, the origins of the movement, and how the women protested. The site lists protests such as hunger strikes and protesting.
Dreier, Peter. "102 Years Ago, Alice Paul Led Another Voting Rights March That Led to
Women's Suffrage." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 02 Mar. 2015. Web.
25 Feb. 2017. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-dreier/102-years-ago-alice-paul-_b_6781812.html.
An article commemorating the 102nd anniversary of the March 3rd, 1913 march in Washington D.C. led by Alice. Around 8,000 women and marchers moved to the White House down Pennsylvania Avenue.
Frost, Elizabeth and Kathryn Cullen-DuPont. “To War and Victory: 1917-1920.” Women’s
Suffrage in America. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1992.
This document not only provided background information about Paul, but it also included the detailed explanation behind Paul’s arrests.
Lisa Kathleen Graddy, May 8, 2012. "Alice Paul: Champion of Woman Suffrage." National
Museum of American History. N.p., 22 June 2015. Web. 25 Feb. 2017. http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2012/05/alice-paul-champion-of-woman-suffrage.html.
Multiple photographs of the parade on March 3rd are displayed as well as a description of the parade the day before President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration. The link addressed what the 19th amendment was. It was issued on August 18th, 1920, allowing the right for women to vote, which is what Alice Paul’s major goal was to accomplish.
"National Women's History Museum." Education & Resources – National Women's History
Museum – NWHM. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2017.
https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/alice-paul/.
Additional information on her early life (family), education, and school work was provided for us as well as additional research resources listed at the bottom.
"Alice Paul." The Historical Society of Riverton, New Jersey. The Riverton, New Jersey Historical
Society, 14 October 2016. Web. 25 Feb. 2017. https://rivertonhistory.com/tag/alice-paul/.
The Historical Society of New Jersey provided us with background information on when women’s rights were first brought up and the creation of the National Woman’s Party, and their goal, which was the ratification of the 19th amendment in all states, or as many states as possible.
"The Hopes of the Suffragette in America; Mrs. Borrmann Wells, Who Has Been
a Militant of the Militants for Women Suffrage in England, Predicts an Active Campaign
in This Country–Organizing on a New Basis." The New York Times. The New York
Times, 13 Dec. 1908. Web. 25 Feb. 2017. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9D04E7DC113EE233A257
50C1A9649D946997D6CF.
This website is an article from the New York Times in 1908. The article is about the suffragettes and their protest. The author writes about the women protesting and marching in the streets. The website is a good source for information because the site is a reflection on the movement. One article showed us how people reacted to the suffragettes and their protests.
"Woodrow Wilson and the Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reflection." Wilson Center. N.p., 04
June 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2017.
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/woodrow-wilson-and-the-womens-suffrage-movement-reflection.
Woodrow Wilson, the American president of the United States during the time of the Women’s movement helped influence women leaders today. He joined the movement in 1913 after discovering that many women were being abused and force fed in the jails. He soon passed the 19th amendment. This is also the website providing us the image of the women in the street holding up a long banner reading “President Wilson Says: This is the time to support Women’s Suffrage.”
Digital Images
Kleiman, Dena. “Alice Paul, a Leader for Suffrage and Women’s Rights, Dies at 92”. New York Times, 10 July 1977, p.42.
A newspaper article written to commemorate Alice Paul after her passing away at the age of 92. It included a few flashbacks of her most important achievements and quotes of her talking about why she did was she did.
"78-cent Alice Paul Stamp." Alicepaul.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2017.
http://www.alicepaul.org/product/alice-paul-78%C2%A2-stamp/.
Photograph of a original 78-cent Alice Paul Stamp made in 1995 to commemorate her.
"CONSTITUTION DAY ACTIVITIES: MIDDLE AND HIGH 2." Education from LVA. Library
of Virginia, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017. http://edu.lva.virginia.gov/online_classroom/lesson_plans/constitution_day_activities:_middle_and_high_2.
Map of the United States showing us the suffrage in each state of the country. This helped give our group a better idea of how the women’s suffrage movement reflected and affected the entire country.
D.C., Harris & Ewing Washington. "Mary Winsor (Penn.) '17 [holding Suffrage Prisoners
Banner]." The Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2017.
https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000225.
A photograph taken in 1917 of Mary Winsor, a suffragette, holding a banner protesting women being imprisoned for protesting and picketing peacefully outside the White House.
Dismore, David. "Today in Herstory: Alice Paul Attacks the Republican Party on
Suffrage."Feminist Majority Foundation. N.p., 11 June 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.
https://feminist.org/blog/index.php/2015/06/11/today-in-herstory-alice-paul-attacks-the-republican-party-on-suffrage/.
Photograph of Paul marching through the streets wearing her purple, white, and yellow suffragette sash and holding a sign reading “Vote against the republican party as long as it blocks suffrage”.
Edmonston, Washington, D.C. Anita Pollitzer and Alice Paul at Susan B. Anthony gravesite, July
19-23, Rochester, N.Y. Jul, 1923. Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.
In the image, Alice Paul and Anita Pollitzer are shown visiting the gravesite of Susan B. Anthony, a women’s suffragist, on July 1923.
Harris & Ewing, Washington, D.C. [Alice Paul]. [June, 1913] Image. Retrieved from the Library
of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000147/.
The Library of Congress shows us Alice Paul working hard at her desk and talking on her telephone in 1915.
Harris & Ewing, Washington, D.C. [Lucy Branham protests the political imprisonment of Alice
Paul with "Russia" banner]. [Oct.-Nov] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of
Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000224/.
Another protester, named Lucy Branham, was friends with Alice Paul and was protesting in 1917 against her imprisonment and the unfair treatment that the government gave Alice.
"Introductory Materials." Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights
Amendment. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.
http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt6f59n89c&doc.view=entire_text.
Provides a photograph of the National Women’s Party council
National Photo Co., Washington, D.C. [National Woman's Party activists watch Alice Paul sew a
star onto the NWP Ratification Flag, representing another state's ratification of the 19th
Amendment]. [to 1920, 1919] Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000263/.
The National Woman's Party, the organization in which Alice Paul was included, fought for women’s suffrage and was led by a group of strong suffragists who marched for women’s rights and their right to vote. Here, the NWP (National Woman’s Party) is gathered to watch Alice Paul sew a star onto their ratification flag to represent another state signing into the 19th amendment.
Harris & Ewing, Inc. Alice Paul. 1920. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington D.C..
Web. 27
February 2017. http://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/people/paul-alice-stokes/.
This is the photograph of Alice Paul making a toast, with grape juice, to the amendment being passed in Tennessee. She is shown standing next to the ratification flag created by her and the National Woman’s Party.
[Map of Route of Envoys Sent from East by the Congressional Union for Women's Suffrage,
Appeal the Voting Women of the West with inset portrait of Alice Paul]. [Apr.-May]
Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000270/.
A map showing the route of messengers sent in from the Congressional Union to appeal to the women voters on the other side of the United States. There was a gathering of women in Chicago on June 5, 6, and 7 to create the National Woman's Party.
"Telegram from Alice Paul, National Woman's Party to Florence R. Sabin (June 23, 1938)."U.S.
National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.
https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/RRBBCR.
A telegram
"Women's Suffrage." National Woman's Party. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2017.
http://thesuffrageproject.blogspot.com/p/national-womans-party.html.
A photograph of the committee of the National Woman's party