Introduction:
Immediate disturbances associated with shift work are symptoms such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, ‘jet lag’ and gastrointestinal malfunction. These symptoms are often short term or related to specific phases of the work schedule, especially to periods of night work. During day shifts or in longer vacations, the symptoms might disappear. Sometimes, the symptoms reflect a serious chronic disease process. In this review, the focus is on major disease related to shift work. Sleep disorders and risk of accidents, however, are covered in related reviews in this issue. (Knutsson,2003)
Our aim of this planning to investigate moreover workers with night shift duty to more recurrent health checks due to increasing lifestyle disturbance.
Search strategy:
Relevant studies were found from the search carried out using the database for CINAHL, Medline, British Nursing Index (BNI), Psych Info for the period 2013 – 2017. The search used key words: (change, lifestyle, Night Shift, Nurses). This includes non-academic references, such as the Government policies, unpublished work and literature that is not generally in the public domain (i.e. police data). Many references, however, were manually searched from relevant reference list, secondary reference, Government policies, and local Government agencies. Papers were included if they were peer reviewed, published in English on or after 2014 and primarily related to the issue of change lifestyle factors related to night shift among nurses.
Literature review:
We found a positive significant association between night work load and BMI. This suggests that workers with a heavy night work load might need special attention and frequent health checks due to higher risk of undesirable health effects. (Buchvold et al.,2015). In addition, another study analyzed the association between change in work schedule and modifications in nutritional status. Performed a panel study with nursing professionals based on two surveys seven year apart (n = 372). Groups with no change in work schedule, change from daytime to night shift, and change from night to daytime shift were analyzed. Outcomes were weight gain and body mass index (BMI) category increase. Participants who changed from daytime to night shift showed about twice increase in odds of more than 5 kg weight gain and BMI category increase. Changing from daytime to night work seems to influence weight and BMI. (Siqueria et al.,2016). In this study, have shown that breast cancer risk is associated with characteristics of night work, and provided new evidence that night work may play a role in the occurrence of the disease. The association of night work with breast cancer was mainly observed in women working during overnight shifts, those who worked at night for 4.5 or more years and less than three nights per week on average. The association was stronger in women who worked at night before their first full-term pregnancy than in women who started working at night later in life. (Menegaux et al., 2013). However, the study found some evidence that some of the factors involved in shiftwork may be associated with breast cancer but the ORs were low and there were inconsistencies in duration and dose–response relationships. (Fritschi et al., 2013). Further more, no any significant association between alcohol consumption and night work load. (Hermanson et al., 2003).This study examined 990 subjects working day, two-shift or three shifts schedules with AUDIT and biochemical parameters indicating potential misuse: carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Using these three parameters they did not find a higher level of risky alcohol consumption among shift workers compared to day workers. (Ohida et al.,2001) However, found that among Japanese female nurses there was a positive association between working night shift and using alcohol as sleep aid. We did not find any significant association between night work load and smoking. However, many studies repeat elevated levels of smoking among shift workers (Biggi et al.,2008) and (Puttonen et al.,2010). In a large cohort of nurses. (Ramin et al.,2015) Other study shown that night workers were more likely to smoke and consumed more caffeine than those who had never worked night shift. Moreover, a significant positive association between NNL and daily caffeine consumption, which might suggest that caffeine is being used as a stimulant during night work. (Shy et al.,2011) In addition, report that 89 % of emergency residents consumed caffeine during night shifts, with 52 % using it every shift.
Research aims:
The aim of this paper is to explore the relations between change lifestyle and shift work among nurses.
Methodology:
This small project will utilize qualitative, semi-structured interviews to discovering evaluating the association Change Lifestyle Factors Related to Night Shift among Nurses.
Sampling and Sample Size:
The researcher intends to interview 40 participants sample included men and women, aged 22 to 60, from 4 hospital in al ahssa city eastern region in Saudi Arabia 2 of hospital under government and 2 private hospital. Each interview will allow for a maximum of 30 minutes and will carried out in a separate room at the workplace. Vary significantly, aske about information such as gender, age, education, number of years in current hospital and in working life, information about sickness absence. Furthermore, the number of night shifts per month, number of working hours and the extent of tasks required, also the effects that will be obtained as a result of this change on the same nurse and its reflection on the typical changes in his life both inside the hospital or outside in all respects, whether psychological or physical family or individual.
Recruitment:
To recruit the potential participants from both government and private hospital staff, invitation e-mails with the participant information sheets will be sent by the director of hospital office, the administrative secretary the hospital have a legitimate access to the contact e-mails of all staff in hospital, and they will send the invitation e-mail from their email account. The researcher will not have access to the names or contact e-mails for the potential participants until the administration send out the invitation e-mails and then the potential participants replied to researcher. Using convenient sample initially the researcher will initially interview whoever wants to be interviewed.
Data analysis:
The interviews will be using A digital voice recorder utilized to aid transcription, and additionally, contextual notes. The data will fully transcribed and then analysed using content thematic analysed using a thematic approach NVivo™ is a retrieve, code and theory building tool. It allows users to replicate all of the abilities of the ‘paper and pen’ system into the software, and much more. The software utilises rich text which allows integrated emphasis through colour, font and character style (DeNardo and Levers 2002, 8). Once imported, text can continue to be emphasised through the internal rich text editor for the manipulation of colour, font and character style (Blismas and Dainty 2003, 460).
Ethical issue:
I will take approval according to the protocol of each hospital, whether governmental or private, and the study will be voluntary and that ensure the participants not be affected by the administration of the hospital because of this research at the level of assessment or work place or salary or even rewards.
Dissemination:
A written report on the finding from this study will submitted to Nursing Department in Directorate of Health Affairs in Al-Ahsa City in the Eastern Region and King Faisal University in Al-Ahsa and working on publishing it in the Public Health journals BMC Public Health has an Impact Factor of 2.209 and on next Elsevier Nursing Education Conference.
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