Wars, coupes, protests, demonstrates, civil wars, terrorists attacks pollution, global trade problems, economic problems, everything that I mentioned happens for a reason: MONEY.
It is the esteemed shading paper that controls everything, from poor and ordinary individuals to the effective ones even the administration, and any reasonable person would agree that since cash/gold turned out to be so vital in people way of life, the motivations for rewards was held onto as a need in day by day life. This is most normally known as corruption.
‘Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain’. (Transparency International; 2017) ‘It can be classified as grand, petty and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs’. (Transparency International; 2017)
It is the second most problematic topic in the planet at this moment, after the worldwide contamination, and as contamination, defilement is a worldwide issue too. It is most normally witnessed to in the underdeveloped nations, for instance like Albania, additionally it is a noteworthy issue in a standout amongst the most effective nations on the planet, for example, Russia.
For years Russia has been one of the most powerful countries in the world, as a giant export of crude oil and the country, which keeps an entire Europe with electricity and gas. However even though has a GDP of 1 trillion $, Russia has problems with managing the namely transparency and it is worldwide known as a country with a problematic government, in other words, a country where corruption has overcome the rule of law, the namely transparency and accountability.
During the transitional periods in Russia there was a weakening of old governmental institutions, people tend to trust them less and the old ones were being replaced by the new ones. This was seen as a perfect time for creating a new democratic and strong government but was embraced one more time by corruption.
In September 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin proclaimed that a powerlessness to gain much ground in the fight against defilement was one of his organization’s biggest disappointments. Truth be told, rising defilement has been an immediate result of Putin’s arrangements to fortify the state and to get serious about numerous components of Russia’s Oligarchs. The consequences of this extending defilement will be felt in the up and coming 2007-2008 parliamentary and presidential race cycle and in numerous different circles of Russian open life. (Orttung; 2006)
The reasons for defilement in Russia are no secret. ‘Transparency International recently conducted surveys examining the level of corruption across 40 Russian regions’. (Orttung ; 2006) The information shows a solid connection between an area’s level of debasement and the quantity of civil servants in the locale. Unquestionably the span of the state matters in encouraging debasement on the grounds that the more civil servants there are, the more open doors there are for corrupt transactions to happen. The negative effect of the officials enormously exceeds the beneficial outcome of financial advancement in the areas, as indicated by this information. (Orttung; 2006)
Russia’s most degenerate zones are its real urban communities, where an overwhelming convergence of civil servants exists. Despite the fact that these urban focuses appreciate a generally high gross national product (GNP) per capita the effect of the administrators again vigorously exceeds the helpful impacts given by their more propelled economies.
Defilement in Russia is approximately in every field of their administration sector, even in the Education Department. The level of corruption in Russian Universities was increasing steadily despite the effort of local authorities to eradicate it. According to some reliably information’s in 2009 bribes paid for admissions in Russia were about 1billion dollar, approximately 40% more than in 2007 (Vorotnikov; 2010). These figures tend to be higher in 2016.
In the course of recent decades the Russian arrangement of advanced education has experienced huge changes, bringing about an expanded number of public and private colleges. In the meantime the quantity of understudies has likewise expanded.
Despite the countries demand for academic qualification has increased, the salaries for university professors still remains low.
This is one of the reasons why the incentives for bribes in Russian admissions are very high. (Vorotnikov; 2010)
Mark Levin, a professor at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow who has concentrated the issue, said corruption in colleges occurred amid the placement tests as well as those toward the finish of semesters. Levin said a few understudies liked to pay cash to pass examinations and acquire the diploma.
The situation started exacerbating by the time the crime began difficult to prove. Most likely because student used to pay for tutoring and pre-study courses and because most tutors are part of the admission committees they can assist a student to gain a place in the university. (Vorotnikov; 2010)
One major fact is that there is no corruption if there are no corrupted jurists. During the Transition Period, Russian population was taught to seek protection not in court but in party committees and suing was an inappropriate act, that’s how things in a Communism regime used to work. However after the eradication of the system of the total party control, ‘judicial weakness left a legal vacuum that remains unfilled’ (Levin and Satarov; 2000).
Even though the system changed, and there was room for progress, the salaries of judges and operation courts remained low. Therefore the incentives for bribes and the mania for money were very high. In the end we can say that the rule of law in Russia is exacerbating, and has been like this since the end of the transition period.
‘Corruption is a necessary facilitator for Russia’s extensive organized crime and terrorist networks.’ (Orttung; 2006)
Debasement inside the law requirement organizations makes it feasible for criminal and fear gatherings to work on Russian domain, while defilement inside the traditions administration and outskirt watch encourages the vehicle of unlawful merchandise crosswise over Russian fringes. It is outlandish for Russia to address these issues without first lessening the measure of debasement in state organizations. (Orttung; 2006)
One clear marker of the connection amongst debasement and sorted out wrongdoing is a spate of deaths of appointee chairmen in charge of overseeing civil property in Russian urban areas. These deputy majors became target since they control the majority of the cities best retail places. The risks of them paying with t heir lives originate if the interests of criminal organizations are not satisfactory for them. (Orttung; 2006)
Another major fact of the excessive of corruption into the Russian government is also the silence from the media. Media is supposed to be as the fourth pillar of democracy. They have a key part to play in observing and examining the activities of people with significant influence and illuminating citizens about them. However there is a double inflicted connection between the government and the media that directly inflect in no discovering of the real situation and how corruption is slowing down the economy growth in Russia.
Russia’s three principle telecom companies are presently controlled either by the state or by Gazprom, which the greater part is claimed by the state. Besides a crackdown on the print media has happened, with some of Kremlins cordial organizations ‘taking over the most of interesting non-state-controlled publication’. (Orttung; 2006)
However the question is how long are they going to cooperate with the media, knowing that social media is increasing each day with enormous steps and there is not even the slightest chance to stop the social media without spreading the news of the corruption in the Russian government.
As the first investigation has appeared, Russia keeps on having moderate – abnormal amounts of saw debasement and its apparent defilement is expanding after some time. Russia’s level of illegal financial flows (IFFs) are the most astounding among the post-Soviet states and the second-most astounding on the planet. It is plausible that Russia’s high reliance upon asset exportation joined with frail foundations is yielding an abnormal state of first class catch of incomes, prompting the high IFFs. Despite the fact that the cost of oil has gone down, there is still a ton of cash streaming into the pockets of the tremendously scolded Russian oligarchs. (Bugnacki; 2015)
The review finds that over the period 1994-2011, outpourings comprising of a blend of licit and illegal capital from Russia added up to US$ 782.5 billion or about US$ 43.5 billion for each annum all things considered. This looks at to surges of US$ 211.5 billion in unlawful capital or about US$ 11.8 billion for each annum. These evaluations incorporate surges due to the consider miss invoicing of trade. (Kar and Freitas; 2013)
Moreover, as indicated by a current review by Transparency International, as a major aspect of the Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 92% of Russians are irritated with the level of defilement in the nation, and moreover, they doubt the legislature and are prepared to go up against the battle against this malevolent themselves.
Russian culture is one where government authorities see their reward from their positions similar to the benefit to utilize their power to concentrate wage from the private people with whom they come into contact. Private people generally expected to need to pay government authorities. The result is a general public where corruption turns out to be a piece of the social standards of regular daily existence. Such a general public is a continuation from past standards of conduct that existed in Soviet circumstances, and shows nonattendance of progress in the essential standards of lead.
Bureaucracy is cultivating, power is centralizing, the government is less reliable and it seems people have lost faith in this government.
However, measurements should be taken in order to prevent corruption. ‘U.S. policymakers and observers should continue pointing out what is happening in Russia in order to help turn Russia’s fight against corruption from political slogans into realistic policy’ (Orttung; 2006).
During periods of 1994-2013 a series of policies were made in order to reduce defilement. In 2011 during the Former president Medvedev time, was ordered that the number of civil servants that used to work in public departments should be reduced by 20 % until 2013 in order to stipulate a large number of services to citizens. However this turned to be inefficient because of the large amount of civil servants.
Waiting for the Russian state to eradicate the huge problem of corruption is like setting ‘a fox to keep the geese’ (Schmid; 2012).
Substantial change is not going to come to fruition without weight from abroad union of business and common society actors. Recent occasions appear to recommend that there is reason for expectation:
The biggest demonstration since the one of 1993 was made against the elections of the total fraud in winter of 2011-2012. Social media also is giving an incentive for the Russian population especially among young educated Russians, to be more active and to react through this problem. The expand of social networks has brought new ways for delivering specific messages, so it is easier nowadays to get notified of what is happening throughout the world, or throughout the nation.
In my opinion, even though is early to say for sure, I think that humanity is in the right way in order to come into a total eradication of corruption. However it seems that a complete elimination is not going to happen in the short run. But as Benjamin Franklin said; “Without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning.”
With the world going into the Internet world more ways to get information will come to life. Knowledge is what is going to help population to go through problems and become an incentive for the government to decrease the level of corruption.
Thing seem to have started to change as today in 2017 many protests are being held from Russian society as they seem to have become from passive observers to passive actors against corruption.