Smoking is a substance in which substance is burned and that smoke is inhaled by the smoker. And in this technique dried leaf of tobacco plant is used and enwrap in a paper and that we called cigarette. Now days every age of people under the influence of smoking but if we talk about adolescence age they start smoking due to misconception of style, society & environment. It is easy to convince them and put them in a dark web of smoking. Smoking generally has negative effect on human life in past few decades because it leads to various diseases and in many cases cause death also. And tobacco is the most common recreational drug used by millions of people. People start smoking for different reasons. Some belief that smoking makes them cool looks cool. While others start smoking by seeing their family member or there friend smoke. And with time people get addicted and feel difficult to get rid from smoking. As the time passes people suffer from various diseases and at last there is ultimate call of death due to smoking. Smoking of tobacco cause various diseases like lung cancer, heart attack, birth defect, erectile dysfunction.
Smoking has always been a major problem but its concern mainly based on gender i.e. used be restricted only to men in early part of 19th century but step rise has been observed by mid-20th century while proportion of female was quite low i.e. 1970. Males are smoked high level of tobacco use but some recent studies shows smoking proportion among women especially among younger age groups is quite higher. (1)
Many countries have applied taxes on smoking product so that people should buy them less and even they ban the advertisement of smoking product so that it will not encourage them to smoke.
As we all know smoking leads to cause of many diseases so we have to adopt various strategies to get cessation from smoking in various ways like first of all we must develop strong confidence and strong will power after that nicotinic therapy, bupropion, eat healthy food and motivational therapy (2).
literature review
Literature review is based on focusing studies on association of sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral and personal variable with smoking. It provides a descriptive review of the research on smoking. The relationships between smoking of sociodemographic are evaluated by age groups and longitudinal investigations. The mechanisms responsible for smoking behavior are discussed, the behavior issues that promote smoking behavior are reviewed, and effects of smoking and types are detailed. A proposed working research model for studying the relationship between genders and their extreme level of smoking.
It is studied that smoking is the far ahead than any other methods of tobacco taking which may lead to common deaths that are shown here. Not surprising smoking kills 40 times than aids and just above 4 times more than alcohol as the smoking is more prevalent than any other regardless of ethnicity and gender. It also shows that it is far lethal than other diseases. The studies have shown that the men are susceptible to smoking rather than women. More at age of 19 – 30 yrs. Smoke more than the rest of population age but it shows an upward trend of smoking again at the age of 53 yrs.(2)(5)The smoking takes downward trend as the life population fraction becomes old. It was concluded that, as closely related with sociocultural factors, smoking is a common problem in this young population, because of generating heavy load from education and social burden which lead them to smoke. Smoking behavior among young adults is also distinct from older smokers, young adults more likely to be occasional smokers and reported lower daily consumption. Finally, smoking prevalence and cessation rates varied substantially within subgroup of young adults as characterized by occupational settings. CDC has stated that the effects of smoking increases the CAD (coronary artery disease) by 2 to 4 times which in turn Increases stroke by 2 to 4 times (7) Development of cancer in women more (25.7 times ) than men ( 25 times ) prevalence has been shown here (2)(7)
Smoking leads to COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease which is the main reason of concern as it includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Smokers likely to be killed 25 times more by COPD than non-smokers. Lung cancer is also major complications of smoking which is the deadliest cancer. Person having asthma smoking would make it more severe.
Step rise resulting a death aprox.7 million deaths whooping amount about 85.71 % i.e. 6 million deaths are due to use of direct intake of tobacco/smoking whereas only 14.25 % i.e. 890,000 are from 2nd hand smoke (2)
As mentioned above its still remain a factor of concern and should be contained more seriously as early as possible
Questioners not solved
1. It is not clear why there is step raise of smoking by age of 48-55 years old Appendix.1?
2. Why is it still not empower/ implemented if various frame work has been drafted?
3. It is not yet understandable why tertiary prevention has not been enforced i.e. like nicotinic therapy is not freely available?
Questioners solved
1. What is the comparison between gender equality among smokers?
2. Why leads the women to smoke?
3. Why tobacco industry is attracting the women?
4. What does the smoke cause?
5. How many people are affected during smoking?
REASEACH METHODS
The methods used here are both empirical, content analysis & case study.
It is noted that content has been taken are all in the account of reference and are based on analyzing and detailing the matter thoroughly but are not done by individual and are relying on authenticate & authorized sources which are implied on the particular subjects of topic and irreverent matters are excluded from it .
The topics are chosen according to the merit and representations of subjects.
The part is taken only in the account of gender basis of smoking and its effect including management, advertisement and its cons.
FINDINGS
It seems that tobacco smoke is put under three steps:
1st hand smoke is the group of people who is inhaled by the smoker.
2nd hand smoke is that smoke which is either exhaled by a smoker or children or by adults.
3rd hand smoke is in which residue of tobacco left after smoking like ashes.
It has been observed that smoking is the far ahead than other common deaths that are shown here. Not surprising smoking kills 40 times than aids and just above 4 times more than alcohol as the smoking is more prevalent than any other regardless of ethnicity and gender (6)
A.1
. The graph shows the men are susceptible to smoking rather than women. More at age of 19 – 30 yrs. smoke more than the rest of population age but it shows an upward trend of smoking again at the age of 53 yrs. The smoking takes downward trend as the population fraction becomes old. (5)
A.2
DISCUSSION
As the findings stated above there is a gender equality and little disparity among smokers which resulting tobacco industry targets women in order to increase its consumer base and replace those consumers who quit early or die prematurely from the disease due to smoking
Its seemed to be girls and boy easily start there course from different reasons as stated above fewer number of women i.e. 9% than men i.e. 40% all though epidemic of tobacco use are increasing.(3)
Even such a trend among youth has been raised that in half of 151 countries surveyed, similar number of boys’ girls getting smoked.
WHO frame work convention on tobacco control are emphasized though it fails to smoke in emerging countries it has been observed also that many more girls than boys smoke in false believe “it is a good way to control weight”. Whereas boy smokes for social style, curiosity, want to be smart among folks and cultures.
Conclusion
There is lack of education among the population those are smoking.it has been observed that misbeliefs is the major reason of smoking among the youth. Lacking of empowerment of the local government, international government and NGO is one of the factors of smoking. Nicotinic replacement therapy should be freely provided among every smoker victim those who want to quit by government and NGO. High taxation reducing advertisement bringing different jobs slowly and slowly reduce the dependency of economic on tobacco industry. WHO convention should be empowered in reality. Smoking retail store should be placed not be allowed within 1 km of any institution but it seemed to be invalid in reality. A successful step has been implemented by FDA (FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION) banning chocolate flavor cigarette to stop attracting young smokers.