Reina Squires, Rachel Sipes, Maddie Mongan
Multiple Choice:
What organelle does a prokaryote not have? (Ch. 1) (DOK 1)
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
How is DNA arranged? (Ch.1) (DOK 1)
Single helix
Double helix
Petrahedran
Dodecahedron
In a DNA strand, which nucleotide pairings are correct? (Ch 1) (DOK 1)
Adenine & Thymine
Thymine & Cytosine
Uracil & Guanine
Guanine & Adenine
What is the process of scientists investigating a whole set of genes in one or more species rather than a single gene at a time? (Ch 1) (DOK 1)
Bioinformatics
Genomography
Inductive reasoning
Genomics
Who came up with the theory of natural selection? (Ch.1) (DOK 1)
Albert Einstein
Charles Nguyen
Adam Pasquinelly
Charles Darwin
Which of the following is quantitative data? (Ch 1) (DOK 1)
A blue sky
A round table
13 inches
Soft feeling
How would you classify an ionic bond? (Ch 1) (DOK 2)
Has a charge
Atoms share electrons equally
They exist in water
The weakest bond
What is NOT an example of a result of natural selection? (Ch 1) (DOK 1)
Camouflage
A giraffe's neck
A water habitat
A long beak
Distinguish between a scientific theory and a hypothesis. (Ch.1) (DOK 2)
A theory is more specific than a hypothesis
A theory is supported by more evidence than a hypothesis
Theories do not need to be tested, whereas hypotheses do
Although hypotheses can be rejected, theories must remain the same
What is the goal of technology in science? (Ch 1) (DOK 1)
Organize data
Compare hypotheses
Discover new theories
Apply scientific knowledge
Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Protons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Neutrons and electron
Only protons
How would you describe a compound? (Ch 2) (DOK 1)
a substance that cannot be broken down
Made up of two or more different elements
Gold and copper are examples
Made by chemical reactions
Which of the following is NOT an essential element in the human body? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Nitrogen
Potassium
Bromine
Chlorine
What percent of all elements are essential in living things?(Ch 2) (DOK 1)
10-12
20-25
50-60
90-95
What is sunflowers ability to tolerate toxic elements and example of? (Ch 2) (DOK 2)
Evolution
Trace elements
Structural performance
Emergent properties
Atomic nucleus is made of…? (Ch 2) (DOK 1)
Electrons and protons
Protons
Electrons and neutrons
Protons and neutrons
Why can we ignore the mass of an electron when we are determining the total mass of an electron? (Ch. 2) (DOK 2)
Because it is negative
It is not part of the atom
It's mass is 1/2000 of a neutron or proton
They have no mass
What is the difference between an atom and its isotope? (Ch 2) (DOK 2)
More neutrons, thus having a larger mass
More protons, thus having a larger mass
Less neutrons with the same mass
Less protons with the same mass
Electron shells are determined by…? (Ch 2) (DOK 1)
Amount of electrons in the shell
Distance from nucleus
Number of electrons
Type of element
What does the chemical behavior of an atom depend on? (Ch 2) (DOK 1)
Valence electrons
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Number of electrons
The attraction of cations and anions is called? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Covalent bond
Electron transfer
Ionic bond
Molecule
Which factors would increase the rate of a chemical reaction? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Increase the concentration of reactants
Decrease the concentration of reactants
Decrease the concentration of products
Lower the temperature of the reaction
What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature? (Ch. 2) (DOK 2)
Thermal energy and temperature are the same
Temperature depends on the volume of a substance, while thermal energy does not depend on volume
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance, while thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of a substance
Temperature only has to do with how hot or cold a substance gets, while thermal energy has nothing to do with temperature
5 grams of sugar are dissolved in 50 mL of water to form an aqueous solution. Which is the solute, and which is the solvent? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Sugar- solvent; water- solute
Water- solvent; sugar- solute
There is not enough information
Both the sugar and water are solvents
Vegetable oil does not mix with water. What does this tell you? (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Oil is a hydrophobic substance
Oil is a hydrophilic substance
The oil must be a polar substance
Other types of oil would dissolve in water
Matching: (Ch.1) (DOK 1)
The Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
___ 26. the various components present in cells
___ 27. a group of cells that work together to perform a specialized function
___ 28. all of the living things in a particular, along with all of the nonliving components of the environment
___ 29. a chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms
___ 30. all of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area
___ 31. all of the life on Earth and all of the places where life exists
___ 32. a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body
___ 33. life’s fundamental unit of structure and function
___ 34. the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
___ 35. individual living things
Short Answer
Compare prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (Ch.1) (DOK 2)
Prokaryotes are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotes, and they do not have a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles. Eukaryotes are larger, more complex, and have membrane enclosed organelles, like a DNA-containing nucleus.
A scientist is studying the effects of Miracle Grow on the height of pea plants. He uses Miracle Grow only on plant A, and plant B received no fertilizer. Both plants are stored inside at the same temperature, and both plants receive the same amount of water. The pea plants are kept in an enclosed garden outside, with the only difference being the use of Miracle Grow. The scientist checked the growth of Plant A and Plant B every 5 days for 30 days. Construct a graph on what the height of these 2 plants over time would look like. (Ch 1) (DOK 2)
The graph above is what the student answer should look like. The independent variable (Time- days) is graphed on the x-axis, and the dependent variable (height- inches) is graphed on the y axis.
Show how natural selection affected the evolutionary adaptations of Galápagos finches. (Ch.1) (DOK 2)
Natural selection occurs when certain traits are “selected” by the environment. Organisms with the most favorable traits are able to survive and reproduce. Finches on different part of the island had different food sources. Over time, this species adapted to their specific environmental conditions. The Gálapagos finches adapted to their food source, and their beaks evolved. The finches with the most favorable traits passed on their genes to their offspring, and they survived and thrived.
Cite evidence that natural selection occurred in giraffes. (Ch.1) (DOK 3)
Originally, giraffes had much shorter necks than the modern giraffe. The main food source of giraffes was food that grew on trees. Giraffes with shorter necks were unable to reach the food at the top of the tree, and they eventually died off. The giraffes with the longer necks, however, survived because they could reach the food at the top of the tree, and they began to reproduce. Because these giraffes reproduced, the trait for long necks was passed down from generation to generation. Certain features of the giraffe were selected by the environment, and the giraffes adapted to their food source.
Construct a controlled experiment that tests the camouflage hypothesis as a reason for certain color patterns in mice. (Ch.1) (DOK 3)
The camouflage hypothesis hypothesizes that mice adapt to their environment to protect them from predation, and that mice that are poorly camouflaged and do not match the color of their surroundings would be preyed on more heavily. We are going to test whether or not poorly camouflaged mice will be preyed on more heavily than mice that have adapted well to their environment. To test this hypothesis, we must create a controlled experiment. Our experimental group will be the group of mice that are poorly camouflaged, and the control group will be the group of mice that are camouflaged well. To camouflage the mice poorly, we can either place darker mice in lighter environments, or lighter mice in darker environments. The color of the mice in the mice will be the only factor that changes in the experiment. After doing this, we will record the predation rates of both the control group and the experimental group. After recording our data, we will find that the poorly camouflaged mice were preyed upon much more than the mice that were camouflaged well, thus proving our hypothesis.
Draw an atom of oxygen (include protons, neutrons, and electrons). (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
If the red line represents potential energy on the graph, draw the line that would represent kinetic energy. (Ch. 2) (DOK 1)
Answer:
Categorize energy levels at different electron shells. (Ch.2) (DOK 2)
The energy level of an electron is correlated to its distance from the nucleus. The electron shells are represented by concentric circles. The electrons in the first shell are the lowest in potential energy, as they are the closest to the nucleus. The second shell has more energy than the first, and the third shell has more energy than the second. When an electrons absorbs energy, it moves to a shell farther away from the nucleus.
Differentiate between a nonpolar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond. (Ch. 2) (DOK 3)
A nonpolar covalent bond occurs when the electrons between two atoms are shared equally. This type of bond occurs between 2 atoms of the same element because the 2 atoms will have the same electronegativity, and the atoms will be shared equally. An example of a nonpolar covalent bond is when two hydrogen atoms bond with each other. A polar covalent bond occurs when electrons in a bond are shared unequally. This happens if one of the atoms is more electronegative than the other. An example of a polar covalent bond is a water molecule, as oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogen. Because of the electronegativity of oxygen, the oxygen atoms have a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge.
How is molecular structure related to function? (Ch. 2) (DOK 3)
In a living cell, the shape and structure of a molecule is extremely important to its function. Biological molecules can only bond to each other if their shapes are complementary. The shape of a molecule determines how other biological molecules will respond. For example, the structure of endorphins is specific because if the shape was different, it would be unable to bind to pain receptors on the surface of brain cells.
How does the electronegativity of oxygen affect the type of bond formed by water molecules? (Ch. 2) (DOK 2)
Oxygen is one of the most electronegative elements. Because of its electronegativity, oxygen attracts more shared electrons than hydrogen does, and the electrons are shared unequally. This is why a water molecule is a polar covalent bond. Electrons, which have a negative charge, are pulled toward oxygen in the water molecule. This gives the oxygen atom a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge.
How do the properties of cohesion and adhesion allow a tree to pull water upward? (Ch. 2) (DOK 2)
At any given time, molecules of water are linked together by hydrogen bonds. These water molecules stay close to each other, and the substance is held together by hydrogen bonds. This is cohesion, which is when one substance sticks to itself. Because of cohesion, as water evaporates from a leaf, the hydrogen bonds of the water molecules that are leaving the leaf tug on other hydrogen bonds. Surface tension is also related to cohesion, as the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together make it difficult to break the surface of the water. Adhesion is when one substance clings to a different substance, and in trees, this occurs when the water molecules stick to the cell wall. The pull of gravity is countered by adhesion of water to cell walls. As water molecules are pulled upward, cohesion allows the molecules to stay linked, and adhesion of the molecules to cell walls counters the pull of gravity.
If the ocean’s temperature barely fluctuates during the day or night, does it have a high or low specific heat? Explain. (Ch. 2) (DOK 3)
Specific heat is the amount of heat that has to be absorbed or released in order for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius. In other words, specific heat is how a substance resists temperature change when absorbing or losing heat. During the summer or during the day, the ocean only warms up by a few degrees, and in winter or at night, the ocean only cools down by a few degrees. Because water resist change in temperature, it has a high specific heat.
Compare pure water with stomach acid in regards to the pH scale. (DOK 2)
Pure water has a pH level of 7, meaning that it is neither a base nor an acid. Stomach acid is highly acidic and has a pH of 2. Water has an equal amount of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), while stomach acid has a higher concentration of H+ than OH-.
Draw what Salt (NaCl) would look like dissolved in water? (Ch 2) (DOK 2)
When salt (NaCl) is dissolved in water, the Na(+) is attracted to the O(-) because of the opposite attraction and the Cl(-) is attracted to the H(+) because of its opposite attraction. This causes a hydration shield around the molecules of Na and Cl.