1. Great Plains: The great Plains is described as a vast grassland through the west of the United states in central part. Here many Indian tribes resided for over a century in some places until the whites pushed them out. Here tribes such as Sioux and Cheyenne hunted buffalo and gathered other animals roaming the plains. They traded and crafted tools on what they could find within the plains.
2. Treaty of Fort Laramie: The Treaty of Fort Laramie was put into place when a trail of the name of Bozeman ran through Sioux hunting grounds at the time. The Chief at the time went to the government to drive away the whites. It was denied but in place the Treaty of Fort Laramie which perceived that the Sioux live on a man made reservation by the Missouri River, it was more of forced then accepted by them but they had no choice in the year of 1868. Some did sign the treaty but most objected it.
3. Sitting Bull: Sitting Bull was many things he was born in 1831 with his name Hunkesni (translated: slow) when Hunkesni earned his name he took up a fight against the Crow which has been a an enemy of the Sioux for decades. Then from then Tatanka Lyotanka (Sitting Bull). He presented strenght in everyday life and a purpose to lead his people. Sitting Bull had many traits he fought, lead, and medicine oriented. Sitting Bull felt strongly that whites did not belong in their territory and should leave at all costs.
4. George A. Custer: George Custer was born in 1839 but made his first appearance in the Western Expansion when he discovered in 1874 that the Black Hills contained gold from the grass down. He made the Indians very unhappy when the word spread that people began mining in there territory. Custer in June of 1876 led a troop of soldiers to fight the Indians at the battle of Little Bighorn River, but the Indians knew of their coming. Custer easily defeated the Indians and so they fled to Canada until 1881.
5. Chisholm Trail: The Chisholm Trail was a cattle transport trail that stretched from San Antonio, Texas to Kansas and went through Oklahoma. The town that the trail stopped is a smaller town called Abilene where they built ins and places that cattle could stay. Over thirty thousand cattle was shipped the first year and the second to Seventy-five thousand. Then cowboys had to be hired to deal with all the cattle.
6. Massacre at Sand Creek: The Massacre at Sand Creek was a bloody and tragic event that took place in 1864. It involves the Indians of Cheyenne who thought they were in protection of the government. In Colorado’s Sand Creek Reservation the Cheyenne settled, but the winter was rough and food rationed so they stole from the U.S. fort nearby. After an agreement was concluded they thought they were safe. But colonel Chivington thought that the Cheyenne should suffer. So the peace treaty was abolished and the soldiers and Chivington started murdering them and the Indians were caught off guard.They went on to murder hundreds of warriors and Women children and elderly combined and left most of the inhabitants murdered and laid on the floor. With no warning and only a few of Chivington’s soldiers dead most considered it a massacre.
7. Colorado (gold rush): Gold was a subject that was heavily talked about in the West and brought thousands of men wanting to strike gold. When Colorado had been found that it possessed gold many came to strike a fortune. Mining camps were put up and many lived in tents. Many saw this as a ruin to the landscape that was laid across the hills and the beauty it possessed. Then towns began to grow out of this and more was added to Colorado.
8. Bozeman Trail: The Bozeman Trail was a trail that ran through the Indians Sioux hunting grounds. They wanted to end whites using and settling on the trail that was theirs. December 1866 Crazy Horse ambushed some whites and killed about 80. It was called both Battle of Hundred Slain and Fetterman Massacre.
9. Fort Lamare:This was a major fort in the Civil War and is in South Carolina, Charleston. It was near where the Sioux Indians presided and is still standing today.
10. Red River War: The Red River War was a campaign that the U.S. put into place to get rid of the Indians and put them in a secluded reservation. Many battles were held to again push the Indians back to a reservation and this resulted in a bloody battle and was known as the Red River War.
11. Dawes Act: The Dawes Act was passed in 1887 which broke up the Native Americans reservations in an attempt to bring them to be American. The Indians were given 160 acres to 80 acres to them. But then the remainder of the land was sold to the whites or others moving across the country to seek better land. The Indians were told that a portion of the money that settlers used to buy the land was going to be given to them. But in the end they had received none. By 1932 more than 66% land was the white settlers land now.
12 Assimilation: Assimilation is where the Indians began to support white nationalism and give up their culture in its entirety. Even after all the U.S. Government has done to the Indians many want switch to white culture.
13. Longhorn: The Texas Longhorns were breeds often raised for food and also for transportation for wagons and other such activities. The breed who is originally from Spain and brought to the U.S. The Longhorns were also strong and short tempered and accustomed to land such as Texas. Cowboys often had these animals.
14. Vaqueros: Vaqueros are spanish cowboys that came to the U.S. that drive and herd cattle. This is pretty much just a cowboy and this is how today's cowboys learned from centuries ago was from the Vaqueros.
15 Long drive: A long drive is where cowboys herd cattle on a long trip that often lasted 3 months sometimes. There would be one cowboy for 300 cattle and he earned $100 dollars a month. The cowboy often risked death every day and lost every single day dawn to dusk working. They had to make cattle cross rivers and to avoid stampedes something as simple as a sneeze can cause a stampede.
16. Transcontinental railroads: There was a rapid settlement with 400 million acres from 1870 to 1900 to be filled. This was due to the transcontinental railroads put into pace for faster movement.
17. Homesteader: Homesteaders were settlers on the land for all those to seek new land to start a home. 600 thousand took advantage of the free land and was filled in just 38 years.
18. Exodusters: Exodusters are African Americans who moved from the south after reconstruction and the Civil War to southern states to the west like Kansa and other places.
19. Soddy: Soddies were houses that were usually used on plains made of stacking blocks also with sod. It was good for the winter and the summer and kept it cool and warm when it needed to. But it also invited insects, snakes and mice. It leaked but was fireproof.
20. Bonanza farms: Bonanza farms were created when debts for farmers were large and were barely making ends meet. Then single crop spreads to 50 thousand acres that they could invest in and often sold their mortgage for it. But after a serious drought in between 1885 to 1890 but slowly the Bonanza farms died off.
21. Panic of 1893: The panic of 1893 was due to economic concerns in the government farmers had too much debt. Railroads were growing faster than everything else. Than a big company went bankrupt and many others followed. Gold was thin and many panicked and traded it in for gold. The stock market crashed and 15 thousand businesses closed and 500 banks collapsed.
22. Mary Lizabeth Lease: Mary in the 8170’s left her home for her to be able to teach school in Kansas. She marries Charles Lease a farmer in Kansas. Since the way of living was there profit from there farm she joined that alliance and persuaded listeners.
23. Grange: Also known as Husbandry that was made for the farmers use. It is supposed to provide school and education for farm families that didn’t have that opportunity. But it then turned to fighting the railroad system continuing to develop across the nation. It was to set up farmers and how to sponsor state legislation to regulate railroads.
24. Farmers’ Alliance: Was for those who pitied with the farmers. It sent information to all the members of important events that happened or might happen so they may support it. Topics were railroads, loans, and land speakers often pushed these issues to others to gain support.
25. Colored Farmers’ National Alliance: This was a group such as the Farmers Alliance but for blacks. It supported cooperation between the white and black communities but many didn’t like it and separated.
26. Populism: Populism or in other words the peoples party and was founded in 1862. Here people meet and discuss topics and organize movements such as reforms for farers to lift the weight of debt that was on their shoulders. This group gave people a better voice against the government.
27. Bimetallism: Bimetallism was hen people believed that they should receive gold and silver for in exchange of money. This was a big issue I the campaign for President in 1894.
28. Gold Standard: The other side of the campaign that Cleveland supported and were called the gold bugs. Where they believed in backing dollar solely with gold.
29. Severities: Severities is in the state of being bad or extremely severe in situations such as the Panic of 1893. Where everyone was in a huge state of panic across the U.S.
30. William Jennings Bryan: At a political debate William Bryan a former congressman of Nebraska editor of the Omaha World-Herald spoke an passionate speech to the assembled at the party.
Part 2:
1. 1862 Homestead Act: The Homestead Act was where the leader of the household was able to have 160 acres of free land to start a home.
2. 1862 Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890: This gave land to states for colleges to help finance agricultural and the Hatch Act did similar things.
3. 1864 Massacre at Sand Creek: The Sand Creek Massacre was a large killing of Indians without any casualties on the other side of the battle. This was done without agreement from the U.S. government.
4. 1866 Goodnight-Loving Trail: Was a trail for at night people could transport large cattle such as Texas Longhorns. It ran for many miles.
5. 1867 Chisholm Trail: The Chisholm Trail was a cattle transport trail that stretched from San Antonio, Texas to Kansas and went through Oklahoma. The town that the trail stopped is a smaller town called Abilene where they built ins and places that cattle could stay.
6. 1868 Red River War: The Red River War was a campaign that the U.S. put into place to get rid of the Indians and put them in a secluded reservation.
7. 1872 Yellowstone National Park: This at first kept a single herd of Buffalo sheltered off and kept in to keep the massive decline of buffalo.
8. 1876 Custer’s Last Stand (The Battle of Little Big Horn): Custer in June of 1876 led a troop of soldiers to fight the Indians at the battle of Little Bighorn River, but the Indians knew of their coming. Custer easily defeated the Indians and so they fled to Canada until 1881.
9. 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes: Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th president of the United States.
10. 1878 Bland Allison Act:The Government had to buy 2-4 million worth of silver every month.
11. 1881 James A. Garfield: James A. Garfield was the 20th President of the United States.
12. 1881 Chester A. Arthur-1881: CHester A Arthur was the 21st President of the United States
13. 1885 Grover Cleveland (1893): Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 25th President of the United States.
14. 1887 Hatch Act: This act allows for agricultural experiments stations to find new developments.
15. 1889 Benjamin Harrison:
16. 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee: This was when Custer's Regiment and gathered starving Indians. Then they tried to unarm the Indians then a shot was fired and it was a huge battle.
17. 1897 William McKinley: William Mckinley was a Democratic candidate who was running for the role as President of the United States.
Part 3:
1.The Government in the beginning as the white settlers moved to the west started to put the Indians in reservations. Indians such as the Cheyenne, Sioux, and the Osage were affected. The lure of gold and silver also affected the Indians by mining in there land and more settlers moving there way. The year that the Indians were restricted was 1834. Many years after the act was passed the Indians were running low on fuel and decided to steal from the fort nearby. But Chivington decided to attack the Cheyenne for this ridicule act and killed hundreds of Indians but almost no whites. The Treaty of Fort Laramie was put into place when a trail of the name of Bozeman ran through Sioux hunting grounds at the time. The Chief at the time went to the government to drive away the whites. It was denied but in place the Treaty of Fort Laramie which perceived that the Sioux live on a man made reservation by the Missouri River, it was more of forced then accepted by them but they had no choice in the year of 1868. Some did sign the treaty but most objected it. The Dawes Act was passed in 1887 which broke up the Native Americans reservations in an attempt to bring them to be American. The Indians were given 160 acres to 80 acres to them. But then the remainder of the land was sold to the whites or others moving across the country to seek better land. The Indians were told that a portion of the money that settlers used to buy the land was going to be given to them. But in the end they had received none. By 1932 more than 66% land was the white settlers land now. In conclusion the Indians were secluded further more into smaller land and only few remained.
2. I believe that the Dawes Act failed was because it was not a smart thing to do. To americanize the Indians which why they would do that I don't know. The Indians are loyal to there own people and would nt give that up to become the ones who have been interfering with them and killing them. But even then the announcement to give the land that was reserved for them by the government but was taken away with only some left for them. It was given away to the whites but in exchange were told that the Indians would receive some profit but that was wrong. Only a third of the land was still theres and it ultimately failed.
3. The way that technology influences the way life they life is huge. The invention of the railroad system allows for faster transport across the country or state. It also allowed for people moving to the west to have a faster way of settling down even if it only carries them halfway to their destinations. The plow that helped the farmers decreased the amount of time having to farm each day and made it more productive.
4.
Problem
Solution
Farmers after buying special devices and land were in debt.
Farmers often had opinions about the current politics and other things.
The Farmers were often fighting the railroad system for taking or buying their land.
Bonanza Farms were created which helped to prevent debt but ultimately failed after drought.
They created an organization where they could talk about it and see what they could do.
The Grange system helped fight the problem of the railroad system.