Major Cities and Neighboring Countries of India
Neighboring countries Include:
– Pakistan
– China
– Nepal
– Bangladesh
– Bhutan
– Burma
– Afghanistan
– Sri Lanka
Major Cities:
– New Dehli
– Mumbai
– Calcutta
– Bangalore
– Maharashtra
– Hyderabad
– Chennai
– Ahmadabad
India’s Transportation System
India uses many forms of transportation in their country. The main forms of Transportation include Road, Rail, Water, Air. All four of these methods plays an important role in our modern world. They help removing distance barriers, while essentially helping in the development of the economy. An efficient transportation system plays a crucial role in developing a countries productivity and increases competitiveness of the economy. Altogether, India’s well-developed transport increases the economic development of its nation.
Road Transport: This is the oldest form of transportation used in India. Indian road transports include various means such as bullock cart, tempo, auto rickshaw, busses, cars etc.
– This transport is highly flexible and the routes can be changed at any time.
– It’s very convenient for short distances.
– There are lowered overheads and less cost in term maintenance.
– Even with India’s road systems are well developed, there are still more than 50% of areas which are used as roads.
Rail Transport: India has a well-developed railway system, which covers up to 60,000 kilometers of tracks throughout the country. These trains make it possible for one to travel across India, in about 2 to 3 nights. The rails are owned and operated by the government. Also, the rails can support up to 10,000 passengers every day.
Water Transport: India also has a very well-developed water transport, which can navigate up to 14,500km through rivers, backwaters, canals, creeks, etc. Also, water transport is one of the easiest and cheaper modes of transport. The water ways are constructed by nature.
Air Transport: this way of transportation is the fastest when speed and time are the main constraints. It’s the easiest way to reach or cross remote and hostile areas. Air transport can also play a major role in emergency purposes, as well as in natural or human-made disasters. Indian National Airways was one of the first air transports, started in 1933, and was introduced in Karachi and Lahore. After, World War II, air transport was supported by major cities like Karachi, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Lahore.
Main airlines services in India.
Government
India is a democratic country, where the government is of the people. The country is mostly run on the instructions and commands of the politicians. The political parties are later run by the relatives of the politician’s family, such as children, in-laws, spouses, out-laws, nephews, nieces, etc. The largest impact upon the society comes from the parliament, which consists of the president and two houses – Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha is the ‘Council of states’, and Lok Sabha is known as the ‘House of The People’.
India’s Economic System
India has a mixed economic system, where individuals own the majority of their resources and determine how to produce their goods and services. A mixed economy, is where all economies are mixed together, and the production is shared within the private and public sectors. This can also be called Dual Economy.
Features of India’s mixed economy:
– Private ownership: Observed by most agriculture, industrial, and service sectors.
– Market mechanism: The market of the supply and demand has the freedom of determining the price of the product. The involvement of the government in the determination of prices in India has substantially decreased.
– Growth of Ownership: India has encountered the increased number of bigger property being bought in the private sector such as, Talas, Reliance, and Birlas.
(Antilia, a private home owned by the chairman of Reliance Industries, Mukesh Ambani)
– Economic plan: an overall target is laid out for the development of the economy, for both public and private sectors.
Governments effect on the business in India
The world bank latest annual report, Ease of Doing Business, shows India being ranked at 100th place, out of 190 countries. Last year India was placed at 130th. This significant growth in recent years for India has been achieved by the governmental changes of the country. According to the world bank, India developed many highly affective reforms, in order to positively help the business development of the country. The world bank identifies the most business-friendly nations by the basis of 10 parameters. India has managed to improve in 6 of these categories, leading it to achieve the 100th place on the world bank list.
Most of these reforms were targeted toward the trading, starting businesses, and infrastructure. Firstly, India managed their trading barriers by reducing compliance costs of exporting and importing products in Delhi and Mumbia, by increasing the use of electronics and mobile platforms, and getting rid of the merchant overtime fees. Secondly, India’s government has made reforms to start new businesses quicker than ever in the country., by combining the Permanent Account Number (PAN) and the Tax Account Number (TAN) applications together. Also, this process is quickened by improving the online application system. Lastly, India improved its business by the development of their infrastructure. The improvement in infrastructure helped immensely in the improvement of both, trading across border and development of the country.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India
While being one of the main causes of economic growth in India, Foreign Direct Investment is also, the non-debt financial source of India’s economic development. Many foreign countries use India for its low wages and Investment privileges. India’s government has taken many actions in order to have a flexible FDI, for oil refineries, telecommunications, stock exchanges, and power exchange.
Education
Post-secondary Education
The demand of young Indian students has drastically increased in the past two decades, where the parents and the students pay along with the government for education. India’s post-secondary education has drastically increased in the past decades, with over 35 million students, coming at the world’s second largest education system. While India’s post-secondary education grows immensely, there are yet still a multitude of reasons, many students are not able to attend schools for education. India’s huge population and economic diversity further increasing this product. India 4600 separate communities and thousands of different languages are spoken in the country, which makes India a very complexed stated for educational development.
Literacy rate in India
According to the calculations done in 2001, about 560,687,797 persons in India are literate, out of this number 336,533,716 were males and 224,154,081 are females. The Overall percentage of the literacy rate in India came up to 64%, with the males having 75.3% literacy rate, and females being at 53.7.
The literacy rate has significantly increased in the recent years coming in at about 74%.
High and Low Skilled Jobs
India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies, with a 7.2% grow rate in the year 2017-2018. The country is largely based on jobs relating the manufacturing and services for the economy. The country highly demands work availability and the quality of the work force, resulting in the country to have a higher demand for skilled labor in the recent years. However, many students are not able to complete their education, resulting them to be forced into lower skilled labor, only 2.3% of these people acquire formal skilled training in India’s workforce.
Communication
India is home to thousands of different languages, out of which 22 languages are mostly recognized throughout the country. These variety of different languages makes it very difficult, for people to travel, through the different cities. One of the main languages in India is Hindi, which is mostly recognized across the country, but many part of India, yet still lack to speak the language.
Section 3: Competitive and Absolute Advantage
India holds a huge range of minerals and natural resources, while its critical resources are still relatively low such as, water, timber, petroleum, etc. However, India exceeds in its diversity of resources, especially minerals, which gives India an advantage in its industrial development. Most common minerals mined in India are iron ores and ferroalloys, such as manganese and chromite