As it shows in figure 1.1 which was collected by sarah khan and gallian woolhead, data were collected from 13 in-depth interview that used some open-ended questions that is related to participant’s awareness of cervical cancer screening. The duration of an interview took approximately from 40 minutes to 1 hour, at first questions were aimed for step by step slipping into the discussion, some participants choose to be interviewed in their own home while a few where at their work place. They had four emerging results from the finding which are:
• perspectives on CC and their influence on screening uptake;
cervical cancer is considered to be a silent, curable disease with a precancerous stage which can be predicted through screening.
Cervical cancer is associated with sexual relationships and most participants believed that cervical cancer was caused by poor hygiene.
• perspectives on CC screening and their influence on screening uptake;
cervical cancer screening was taken as a routine that was uncomfortable, embarrassing and painful.
• other factors influencing CC screening uptake; and current awareness regarding CC screening and future needs:
women preferred to be screened by a female doctor who’s experienced, friendly with whom they can communicate with. Awareness of cervical cancer is lacking in United Arab Emirates, all women should surf the internet to get information about cervical cancer, awareness programmers must target women’s in schools and universities.
And on figure 1.2 which was collected by Padmanabhan, Saad, Eman, and Shirley some self-administered questions were designed to collect knowledge regarding female attitude and information and in figure 1.3 it shows that 98 females participated in the survey and on the knowledge side it shows that physicians had the desire to obtain more information on the knowledge areas like at what age should screening be offered, the risk factors of cervical cancer, when to have pap smear test, and what are the importance of a pap smear test.
More than 90% physicians showed the need of having a cervical cancer screening program in United Arab Emirates as it shown in figure 1.3 it shows that 93.3% agreed with the statement that screening will save a women life and in figure 1.4 it shows that 58 participants answered the question of accepting having a cervical screening as a part of their daily routine, 42 were willing to take a new responsibility and 5 were not while 11 were not sure.
Cervical cancer on middle aged women:
Middle aged women are on higher level of getting cervical cancer and it can be a huge dilemma if women are on the middle or last stage. Women can easily detect if there is something approaching like cervical cancer by knowing the symptoms which often don’t show in its early stages, the most common sign is abnormal vagainal bleeding but the abnormal bleeding does not always mean that there is a cancer that’s why visiting a doctor is so important to prevent the cancer on its early stages. Some other symptoms may appear on the women:
♣ Vaginal discharge that may be watery or bloody that’s heavy and have a bad odor
♣ Pelvic pain
♣ Pain during intercourse
♣ More and painful urination
According to ministry of health, breast and cervix cancer (8.3%) is the most common causes of death among women and it is ranked the first and the second in United Arab Emirates therefore the ministry of health draw a comprehensive plan to prevent and control cancer and the objective of this plan is to reduce the percentage of cancer death close to 60% by 2025.
One the other hand, another study was conducted a team of researchers found that in United Arab Emirates cervical cancer is the seventh cause of fatal and also it shows in 2010 the rate of the cancer was 7.4 per 100,000 women in United Arab Emirates which means there is a huge increase. Sarah and Gillian suggested that a pap smear test is important for women because it detect wither a woman have a cervix cancer cell despite having a 15-25% negative rate.
A pap smear is a test to detect a cervical cancerous cell in the cervix it also detects HPV (human papillomavirus), it is a quick test that may make the women feel a little discomfort feeling due to the instrument that entering the vagina and it involve scraping a cell from the cervix wall to be examined for abnormality and it does not cause any long-term pain.
On the other hand, studies show that Muslim women have gained the attention to other factor that are more important like religion and culture along with understanding the sign and the symptoms of the cancer and women have to be aware because they are at a risk og getting health problem in every stage of their life, many diseases like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), high maternal mortality rate, and cervical cancer and other cancers later in their life. But on the other hand, cervical cancer can be prevented and the key to make women have a cervical screening (Pap smear) every three years.
Cervical cancer treatment:
Cervical cancer has many types of treatments depending on the situation of the patient and what treatment way would she choose. Treatment for cervical cancer growth depends on the type and upon how far the disease has spread. As cervical cancer growth medicines are frequently unpredictable, healing centers utilize multidisciplinary groups (MDTs) to treat cervical disease and tailor the treatment program to the person. MDTs are comprised of various diverse masters who cooperate to settle on choices about the most ideal approach with your treatment. Cervical disease is regularly reparable if it's analyzed at a beginning period. At the point when cervical cancer growth isn't treatable, it's frequently conceivable to moderate its movement, drag out life expectancy and assuage any related indications, for example, torment and vaginal dying. This is known as palliative consideration.
The distinctive treatment alternatives are talked about in more detail in the accompanying segments.
Medical procedure
There are 3 kinds of medical procedure for cervical malignant growth:
• Trachelectomy – the cervix, encompassing tissue and upper piece of the vagina are evacuated, however the belly is left set up
• hysterectomy – the cervix and belly are evacuated and, contingent upon the phase of the malignant growth, it might be important to expel the ovaries and fallopian tubes
• pelvic exenteration – a noteworthy activity in which the cervix, vagina, belly, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder and rectum may all be evacuated, Pelvic exenteration is just offered when cervical disease has returned.
A hysterectomy is typically suggested for early cervical malignant growth. This might be trailed by a course of radiotherapy to help keep the disease returning. Two kinds of hysterectomies are utilized to treat cervical malignancy:
• basic hysterectomy – the cervix and belly are expelled and, now and again, the ovaries and fallopian tubes are as well; proper for beginning period cervical malignancies
• radical hysterectomy – favored choice in cutting edge organize 1 and some beginning period 2 cervical malignant growths; the cervix, belly, best of the vagina, encompassing tissue, lymph hubs, fallopian tubes and, now and again, ovaries are altogether expelled
Despite the fact that the danger of them is little, long haul confusions can be troublesome. They include:
• urinary incontinence
• swelling of your arms and legs, caused by a development of liquid (lymphedema)
All the produce is getting to be obstructed a work of scar tissue – this may require encourage medical procedure, In the event that your ovaries are evacuated, it will likewise trigger the menopause on the off chance that you have not effectively experienced it.
Radiotherapy:
might be utilized individually or in blend with medical procedure for beginning time cervical cancer. It might be joined with chemotherapy for cutting edge cervical malignant growth, where it very well may be utilized to control draining.
Radiotherapy can be conveyed either:
• remotely – a machine bars high-vitality waves into your pelvis to pulverize dangerous cells
• inside (brachytherapy) – a radioactive embed is put by the tumor inside your vagina
And in addition, pulverizing carcinogenic cells, radiotherapy can now and then likewise hurt sound tissue. This implies it can cause noteworthy symptoms numerous months, or even years, after treatment. Brachytherapy expects to decrease mischief to encompassing tissue by conveying the radiation as close as conceivable to the tumor, yet it can even now cause reactions. Nonetheless, the advantages of radiotherapy frequently will in general exceed the dangers. For a few people, radiotherapy offers the main any desire for disposing of the disease.
Reactions of radiotherapy are normal and can include:
• looseness of the bowels
• torment when peeing
• seeping from your vagina or rectum
• feeling extremely worn out
• feeling or being wiped out
• sore skin, similar to sunburn, in your pelvis area
• narrowing of your vagina, which can make engaging in sexual relations difficult
Chemotherapy is also an advanced treatment for cervical cancer in which it relives the symptoms and slows the production of cancer cells in the cervix, it could be also a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy all together.
It’s been giving to the patient by the vein using a drip, and this treatment has side effects such as: fatigue, diarrhea, reduce production of blood cells, and finally hair-loss.
Cervical cancer prevention:
Four topics developed: (I) deprioritization of ladies' wellbeing in home nations, (ii) inspirational demeanor towards the accessibility of ladies' medicinal services in Sweden, (iii) positive and negative states of mind towards HPV immunization, and (iv) correspondence hindrances constrain social insurance get to. Despite the fact that the ladies were positive to the anticipation of cervical malignant growth, a few obstructions were recognized: challenges in reaching social insurance because of dialect issues, constrained learning in regards to the connection between sexual transmission of HPV and cervical malignant growth, socially decided sexual orientation jobs and the way that a significant number of the ladies were not utilized to customary wellbeing registration.
Thirty-nine papers from the UK, Australia, Sweden and Korea were incorporated. The lion's share of the members had gone to screening at any rate once. Two wide topics were distinguished: (a) should I go for screening? What's more, (b) screening is a major ordeal. In thinking about whether to visit, ladies examined the individual pertinence and benefit of screening. Ladies who had already gone to depict how it was a major ordeal, physically and inwardly, and the differed dangers that screening presents. Handy hindrances influenced whether ladies made an interpretation of screening goals energetically.
Migrant ladies were certain to the avoidance of cervical malignant growth and saw the advantages of cervical malignant growth screening programs. They communicated the significance of visiting standard registration and would acknowledge HPV immunization of their girls. Despite this, a few boundaries were communicated, for example, constrained mindfulness about cervical malignant growth; social boundaries; sexual orientation imbalances and trouble in reaching medical services because of dialect issues.
The WHO position paper on HPV immunizations expresses that these antibodies ought to be presented as a feature of a planned aversion system for cervical malignant growth and other HPV-related infections, and the methodology ought to incorporate training on hazard decreasing practices and additionally determination and treatment of precancerous sores and disease. The variety in ladies' understanding and view of cervical screening proposes that mediations custom-made to decisional stage might be of an incentive in expanding commitment with the welcome and take-up of screening in the individuals who wish to partake.