The first “Photoshop” word that being used were in 1989, when John Knoll, the creators of Photoshop, sold the program to Adobe Systems. Photoshop firstly introduced to Adobe Systems as a marketed brand and since then, Photoshop has become the de facto industry standard for raster graphics editing and last but not least, for designing advertise goods. It is published for both Windows and macOS, but not Linux. In general, Techopedia defined Adobe Photoshop as a software that is extensively used for raster image editing, graphic design and digital art. It makes use of layering to allow for depth and flexibility in the design and editing process, as well as provide powerful editing tools, that when combined, are capable of just about anything.
Margaret Rouse (2015) stated that, Photoshop been the industry standard image manipulation program for so long that its name has become a verb: It is common parlance to say that an image has been “photoshopped” or even just “shopped”. Shopped, in this context, is synonymous with edited, manipulated or faked, often regardless of the software actually used. Photoshop is usually used by photographers, graphic designers, video game artists, advertising designers. According to Dhananjay Sati (2016), as a photographer, their main job is to create the perfect picture that includes getting rid of blemishes on the subject, adding additional light sources, sharpening the focus and adding additional creative elements to the photos, which can be done more in Photoshop. Web designer’s major goal is to bring their clients’ ideas to life on a webpage by creating logos, navigation bars, backgrounds, headers and additional images and Photoshop has an extensive library of modifiers that can help the webpage to look more stand out, look professional, and be easy to navigate. Advertiser uses Photoshop mainly to design a brand appealing and memorable to their customers by creating logos and branding icons, product packaging, company advertisements and more.
The software’s pricing can be varied. Eammon Jacobs stated that, Photoshop can be subscribed as a single-app subscription options, coming in at $20.99 per month, and Photoshop are one of the most expensive single-app options in Adobe software, compared to Adobe’s less formidable offerings, such as Adobe XD ($9.99), Acrobat Pro DC ($14.99), Spark ($9.99), and InCopy ($4.99) that is the prices vary among the software. To get it cheaper, Photoshop also can be subscribed to Adobe’s professional-level programs without having to pay the full price. Student and teachers are eligible to get the subscriptions for $19.99 a month for one year and $29.99 a month thereafter.
2.1.2.2 What is Learning and Education
On google web definitions, the word learning is derived from an old English word, “leornung”, literally means, “knowledge acquired through study, experience, or being taught.”. Coeval to that, the word learn comes from West Germanic’s old English word, “leornian”, “lernen” or “lore”, that means gain or acquire knowledge of or skill in (something) by study, experience or being taught. Through Aman Sharma (2015), from psychology discussion.net, definition, “any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice and experience”.
Ference Marton and Shirley A. Booth (1997) in his book cited, learning – in the sense of getting knowledge about the world – is frequently seen as a progression that starts with obtaining some basic facts, where acts are seen as pieces of valid, elementary knowledge, and goes on through building ever more complex and advanced form of knowledge out of, or on the grounds of, simpler forms.
From Wikipedia, learning breeds all kinds of positive things, acquisition of new skill, knowledge, behaviors; values, preference or understanding, and may involve some kind of synthesizing of information. Human learning occurs as part of a staple task to them and an education or as personal development. Human learning begins before birth and continues until death as a consequence of ongoing interactions between person and environment. Play has been approached by several theorists as the first form of learning. Children experiment with the world, learn the rules, and learn to interact through play. Monica Nilsson and Berth Ferholt (2014) stated in their article, Lev Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist, agrees that play is pivotal for children’s development, since play is not a prototype of everyday activity. In real life, meaning will be dominated by action, but in play, action is subordinate to meaning. In real life, a child’s behavior is not always guided by meaning, but, instead, the child is often spontaneous, and it is only in play that the child can be strictly subordinated to rules, because it is in play that subordination to rules leads to their own pleasure.
Wordnet stated, learning is a cognitive process of acquiring knowledge or skills. Some learning can occur due to the habituation or classical conditioning, which can be seen in context of complex activities such as plays. Learning happens when people take newfound information and detail then incorporate it into their life, to make it useful.
Despite learning and education being linked together, education is quite different altogether. Wordnet describe education as activities or instructing; the process of imparting knowledge or skill; the knowledge that is acquired through learning and instruction; the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. Education can also know as a training, breeding of the result of good upbringing, especially knowledge of correct social behavior.
Wiktionary defined education as process or art of imparting knowledge, skills, or judgement; facts, skill and ideas that have been learned either formally or informally. On Wikipedia, education is the broadest sense of act or experience, which formatively affects the minds, character, or physical ability of an individual. Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed knowledge values, and skills from one generation to the next. In formal education, it occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school system are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices such as curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces and many more, in that system.
As to quote Ayn Rand,
“The only purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life-by developing his mind and equipping him to deal with reality. The training he needs is theoretical, i.e., conceptual. He has to be taught to think, to understand, to integrate, to prove. He has to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be equipped to acquire further knowledge by his own effort.”