CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Project Description
Cooling towers are components of thermal management systems that use evaporative/dry cooling to reject heat to the ambient air by cooling relatively warm water stream to lower temperatures. Cooling towers are used mainly in power plants cycles, where large quantities of water need to be cool down and reintroduced to the cycle again. Figure 1 demonstrates the terminology of hyperbolic natural draft cooling tower.
Figure 1 : Hyperbolic natural draft cooling tower
Cooling towers are classified based on different criteria. General classification of cooling towers based on build, heat transfer method, air draft, and airflow pattern. Cooling towers are not cheap in terms of power usage and water circulation and maintaining water quality in the circulation loops is a major challenge. Cooling towers represent an inexpensive and dependable mean of removing low-grade heat from processes. Cooling towers can lower the water temperatures more efficiently than other cooling equipment that use only air to reject heat, like the radiator in cars and are therefore more cost-effective and energy efficient. There are important factors that need to be taken into account while designing a cooling tower. The design engineer must specify the build of a cooling tower, how heat will be transferred in the cooling tower, the air draft, and the air flow pattern in the cooling tower. Later, the structural, mechanical, and electrical components of the cooling towers need to be identified. In addition to that, the types of material of the cooling tower major components like, frames and casing, fill, nozzles, and the fans. Furthermore, the design engineer must specify the cooling tower operating parameters such as; the cooling range, mass flow rates of the air and the water, the wet bulb temperature, the air velocity, and the tower height. Finally, the design engineer must identify the common problems that affect the operation of cooling towers, like; scale, fouling, microbiological growth, and corrosion.
1.2 Problem Statement and Purpose
We intend in this project is dedicated to the design and construction of a small-scale cooling tower with high efficiency. In addition, to carry out experimental testing will be carried out to measure the different operating parameters that affect the performance of the cooling tower such as flow rates, and inlet and outlet temperatures.
1.3 Project and Design Objectives
The objective of this project is to create a novel small-scale cooling tower and to test its performance over a large operating range there by allowing for better determination of energy saving measures like free cooling on cooling tower fans. This will need to be carried out without making the process sophisticated so that an average user would be able to use the small-scale cooling tower. Towards this objective, the following steps are to be carried out:
• Collect a large range of cooling tower operating data from cooling tower manufacturers that are suitable to analyze the extent of the current small-scale cooling tower model as well as to create a new model to simulate cooling tower.
• Create a new design model for the cooling tower and experimentally test it.
• Compare the new model with the existing model to demonstrate improvements.
• Determine if oversizing cooling towers is economically feasible.
1.4 Intended Outcomes and Deliverables
By the completion of this project, the following outcomes will be achieved:
• Follow the engineering design procedure in designing a cooling tower by going through different design stages, and come up with a specific design that meets our requirements.
• Build up a small portable cooling tower with high performance and efficiency.
• Manufacturing and fabrication of the design.
• Performance testing will be conducted.
1.5 Summary of Design Process used
According to the standard content prepared by the Graduation Project Unit, this report consists of nine chapters. The engineering design process consists of several stages as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 : Engineering design process
1.6 Summary of Report Structure
Chapter 1 begins with a project description then followed by problem statement then summary of design process and the outcomes that will be achieved by the end of the project and the report structure. Chapter 2 covers a summary of achievements in GP1. It covers the alternatives, the conceptual design and the preliminary justification and cost. Chapter 3 debates updated background theory. Chapter 4 talk about the design setup which consists of assumptions, data collection and system architecture. After that Chapter 5 which is consists of the detailed system calculations, detailed design alternatives and formal decision-making process on selection of final details. Chapter 6 includes the ethical, economical and environmental. Chapter 7 discusses project realization, performance evaluation and improvements. Chapter 8 it’s about the project management which include Gant chart, problem faced during the project and solutions. Finally, Chapter 9 contains the conclusions and recommendations and conclusive discussions of the project outcomes and possible future improvements.
CHAPTER 2
SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN GP1
2.1 Overview of alternative assessment
This project aimed to design, build and create a novel small-scale cooling tower and to test its performance over a large operating range there by allowing for better determination of energy saving measures like free cooling on cooling tower fans. As opposed to existing cooling towers, our design should be at minimum cost and be easy for maintenance. Our small-scale cooling tower should also be with high efficiency.
2.2 Proposed conceptual designs
2.2.1 Alternative 1: Induced draft counter flow cooling tower
Induced draft counter flow cooling tower uses a propeller fan to induce air vertically from the bottom of the cooling tower to come in contact with the water that is sprayed down through the nozzles. This type of cooling towers needs more pump work and more fan power. However, due to the enclosed nature of counter flow towers, water is not exposed sunlight, thus reduce the potential of biological growth. Figure 23 shows an illustration for induced draft counter flow cooling tower.
Figure 3 : Induced draft counter flow cooling tower
2.2.2 Alternative 2: Induced draft single cross flow cooling tower
The Induced draft single cross flow cooling tower operates with the same concept of the induced draft counter flow tower, but the main difference is how the air is drawn in the tower. In the single cross flow tower, the air enters horizontally from the sides to come in contact with the water in a cross configuration. The word single indicates that the single cross flow tower uses a single fill in the tower. This design uses a film fill which is different from design 1 that uses spray fill. The working fan for this tower is a propeller fan. Figure 24 shows an induced draft single cross flow cooling tower.
Figure 4: Induced draft single cross flow cooling tower
2.2.3 Alternative 3: Induced draft double cross flow cooling tower
Induced draft double cross flow tower has the same concept of single cross flow tower (alternative 2), but in this design the tower operates with a double fill. This design is special because it is easy to be maintained, and during maintenance the tower can be still operating. Figure 25 shows an induced double cross flow cooling tower.
Figure 5: Induced draft double cross flow cooling tower
2.2.4 Alternative 4: forced draft counter flow cooling tower
Forced draft cooling towers use a centrifugal fan, this type of fans acquire more horsepower but can withstand higher static pressure. Forced draft towers are known for high air inlet velocity and low air exit velocity that lead to circulation, thus they tend to have less stable performance than induced draft cooling towers. Figure 26 shows a forced draft counter flow cooling tower.
Figure 6: forced draft counter flow cooling tower
2.3 Selected conceptual design and preliminary justification of choice
Table 4 displays the decision matrix. Criterions of our design are on the left column. Then the weight of each criterion on the following column. After that the ratings of the different alternatives in the subsequent columns. The total score is acquired by multiplying the weight of criterions by the rating for each alternative, then summing up the values. Generating the values of weights and ratings is based upon comparative method between the alternatives. As well as our understanding of the required objective of our project. For selection of the best Alternative; the third alternative has the highest overall value due to its compromising Efficiency, performance And Reliability Simultaneously. As for performance, the third alternative utilizes double cross flow mechanism where air and water are being in the maximum contact on the fill's surface area while other alternatives use single flow mechanism; Although the 4th Alternative uses a centrifugal fan, yet it tends to have less stable performance. So third alternative has better heat transfer capability and thus better performance.
Additionally, appearance of the Tower doesn’t affect our design so it was weighted at lowest value of 3 as negligible factor. Finally, for maintenance, alternative 4 has the lowest value due to its centrifugal fan and complication of components which is troublesome in regards of maintenance and fixing the system in case of potential damage. Thus, based on Table 4 and Figure 27: Decision matrix, our choice of design is alternative 3 and this choice is correlated to its high performance and ease of manufacturability which are the most important factors in our design.
2.4 Embodiment design
As shown in Figure 7, we want to cool down the warm water in our design. Cooling tower nozzles are used to spray the warm water downward on the fill. The benefit of the fill is to slow the water flow down and exposes the maximum amount of water surface area. The worm air comes from downward and goes upward through fan. When the water and air be together, a small of water will evaporate so it will cooling. The cold water goes to the tank and it gets pumped back to the heater that absorbs heat.
Figure 7: Embodiment sketch of the system
2.5 Final deliverables and preliminary cost
By the completion of this project, the following outcomes will be achieved:
• Follow the engineering design procedure in designing a cooling tower by going through different design stages, and come up with a specific design that meets our requirements.
• Build up a small portable cooling tower with high performance and efficiency.
Part of completing the design of our project is the preliminary project cost estimation. Where the cost of major parts of the model are estimated. This will help in future steps in building the actual model. Table 4 below shows an estimate cost of the main parts and devices of the cooling tower.
Table 1: Cost estimation
Items Amount Approximated cost (AED)
Basin 1 200
Fan 1 100-400
Fill Approx. 1 meter 200-400
Pump 1 100-300
Walls and structure 1 700-1200
Sprayers 100 per sprayer 100-400
Total 1400-2900
2.6 Design criteria and specifications
2.6.1 Fill Specification:
Fill is the heart of the cooling tower. It is the heat transfer region where water encounters air. Brentwood’s AccuPac® Crossflow Cross-Fluted Film Fills for cooling tower systems improve water distribution by splitting the water stream as it descends through the fill pack. High thermal performance and low-pressure drop are balanced by utilizing the engineered microstructure design and maintaining the highest manufacturing standards.
Whether needed for counter flow or cross flow tower applications, Brentwood has invested heavily in research and development so that it can provide educated recommendations for the correct film fill media type to meet existing design criteria or improve upon aged tower installations.
Table 2: Fill specification
Part No. Surface Area Sheet Spacing Flute Angle Minimum Size Maximum Size Standard Size
CF1900 157.5 m³/m² 19mm 30° Depth (1m)
Width (1.53m)
Length (3.05m) Depth (6.1m)
Width (6.1m)
Length (36.58m) Depth (3.05 or 6.1m)
Width (3.05 or 6.1m)
Length (12.2 or 30.45m)
2.6.2 CAD Drawing:
CAD drawings are used to present the system in a clear 3D figure. CATIA V5 was used to create our CAD drawing for the cooling tower. Figure 29 shows the CAD model for our proposed cooling tower.
2.6.3 Fan Selection:
The selection of the fan is determined by the power required for the fan in order to overcome the pressure drop across the cooling tower. Equation 4.1.13 and 4.1.14 estimate the required fan power for the fan. The following table shows a comparison between different type of fans. The selection of the specific fan will determined based on the required air flow rate and the tower dimensions and the fill height. Table 6 shows a different type of fans.
Multi-Wing’s sickle axial fan series is the answer for generating pressure with low noise axial fans
• Reduces noise by up to 7 dB(A).
• Maintains performance at lower speeds.
• Large chord length generates greater pressure.
• Diameter range of 284-2536 mm (12-99 inches).
Multi-Wing’s airfoil axial fan series
• High efficiency design.
• Low power consumption.
• Low noise from twisted blade design.
• Diameter range of 222-2746 mm (8-108 inches).
Multi-Wing’s broad paddle axial fan series
• Reduced noise at lower tip speeds.
• Maintain performance at lower speeds.
• High solidity due to large chord length.
• Diameter range of 218-1656 mm (10-65 inches).
2.6.4 Pump Selection:
The selection of the pump is determined by the power required for the fan in order to overcome the pressure drop across the cooling tower. Equation 4.1.11 and 4.1.12 estimate the required fan power for the pump. Table 6 shows a specification for a certain type of pumps, the decision of the horse power will be determined based on the required water flow rate and the height of the cooling tower.
2.6.5 Final Design Specifications
Table 3 : Final Design Specifications
Specifications Units
Fill height 1 m
Tower depth 1 m²
Tower width 1 m²
Base area 1 m²
Tower height 1.5 m
Fan diameter 20.0 cm
Pump power 8.0 W
Fan motor power 8.0 W
Water Flow rate 0.1-0.5 L/s
Range 5-10 C°
Approach 5-7 C°
Air flow rate 0.1-0.5 L/s
CHAPTER 3
UPDATED BACKGROUND THEORY
3.1 Relevant literature search
This section presents latest information about traditional cooling tower in general as given in the literature.
3.1.1 Classification of Cooling Towers
Cooling towers are used in a wide range of applications and in different environments, each of which requires different design. Cooling towers can be classified by many factors. For example, by build, whether to be field installed or package type. Air draft is also a classification factor; some cooling towers use natural draft others use mechanical draft. Another classification factor is heat transfer method where wet cooling, dry cooling or fluid cooling are options. Airflow configuration is also a means of classification, cooling tower designers should decide whether to exchange heat by cross flow or counter flow. Cooling towers are also classified by type of fill [1].
3.1.2 Classification by build
Due to the wide range of applications of cooling towers, it comes in different sizes and shapes. The size of the cooling tower is governed by the amount of heat to be rejected from fluid to be cooled. Applications which requires mass heat rejection like in power plants or other industrial areas will have large cooling tower sizes which makes transportation a challenge. Therefore, field erected cooling towers are used, which are mostly built and assembled on site and does not come in a full package. Other minor applications like most HVAC uses package type cooling towers which are fully prebuilt and assembled in factory away from the site and can be transported easily due to their small size.
3.1.3 Classification by heat transfer method
By using the concept of evaporative cooling, most cooling towers are wet cooling towers in which air and fluid to be cooled have direct contact where water droplets with the highest temperature will evaporate which cools the water. Some cooling towers provide protection for the fluid to be cooled by having a surface between air and the fluid which prevents direct contact between the two. These dry cooling towers will not work by the principle of evaporative cooling. Fluid cooling is another heat transfer method in which both wet and dry heat transfer occurs. The water is sprayed on tubes that contain a fluid to be cooled while also a fan is drafting air to the system where it will have a direct contact with water.
3.1.4 Classification by air draft
A vital factor in cooling towers is air draft which is the flow of air in the tower. Mainly cooling towers air draft is of two types: Air draft created by or without a mechanical device. Cooling towers operating without a mechanical device can be classified into two, atmospheric tower and natural draft tower. An atmospheric tower is a type of cooling tower that gets air in by louvers on the sides of the tower, air in an atmospheric tower is drafted by its own velocity. Atmospheric towers are rarely used where efficient cooling is needed because of its inefficiency caused by its high reliance on outside wind conditions. A natural draft cooling tower uses the difference in density between hot and the relatively colder air outside the tower to move air along its height. These towers are more expensive, taller and have special hyperbolic shape to enhance the flow of air. They are used in power plants. Mechanical draft towers that use mechanical devices for air drafting, are grouped into forced draft cooling tower, and induced draft-cooling towers. Fans are placed to move air through the tower. A forced draft tower has a blower that blows air into the fill and travels outside the tower. In an induced cooling tower, a fan is placed in the outlet and will remove the air outside the tower.
3.1.5 Classification by type of fill
Cooling towers are classified by their type of fill, cooling towers with a spray film will spray small water droplets directly to the incoming air without any form of packing. These towers have low efficiency and will require higher fan power and tower size. In Splash fill the water droplets fall on objects of wood, PVC or other materials and then splashes, the splashed drops of water will increase performance of the tower. Film fill is another type of fill used in cooling towers which allows water to flow on a large surface area causing a thin film, a better evaporative cooling will occur due to the increased surface area of contact between air and water and power required from fans will also reduce as the pressure drop is lower. Film fill is cheaper with better performance when compared to splash fill.
3.1.6 Classification by air flow configuration
Air flow pattern is also a means of classifying cooling towers where the flow of air is either a counter flow or cross flow with respect to the vertical downward direction of water.
3.2 Cooling Towers Materials
There are varieties of materials used to construct cooling tower. [2] For example, wood is less common because it liable to environment factors but the advantage of it is can be constructed quickly and at a lower cost. Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is popular choice because of reliability, durability, lightweight and better than wood from strength and fire resistant. On the other hand, concrete is long lasting, fire resistant and requires low maintenance. To select material for cooling tower we should consider the climatic conditions at the location of the cooling tower, corrosive factors and cost.
3.2.1 Frames and casing material
For wood towers is not only made from wood only but many components are made of different materials, such as the material of the casing is glass fiber, also the material of the inlet air louvers is glass fiber, the fill of plastic and the cold-water basin of steel. Many towers (casings and basins) are constructed of galvanized steel because the problem of corrosive, the base is made of stainless steel. For concrete towers, mostly used fiber glass for casing and basin, the benefit of it to expand the life of cooling tower and protect it from harmful chemicals.
3.2.2 Fill material
For Fill mostly used plastics, including PVC, polypropylene, and other polymers. When water conditions require the use of splash fill, treated wood splash fill is still used in wood towers, but plastic splash fill is also mostly used. Because of greater heat transfer efficiency, film fill is chosen for applications where the circulating water is generally free of debris that could block the fill passageways. Nozzles; Plastics are also mostly used for nozzles. Many nozzles are made of PVC, ABS, polypropylene, and glass-filled nylon.
3.2.3 Fans material
Aluminum, glass fiber and hot-dipped galvanized steel are commonly used as fan materials. Centrifugal fans are often fabricated from galvanized steel. Propeller fans are made from galvanized steel, aluminum, or molded glass fiber reinforced plastic.
CHAPTER 4
DESIGN SETUP
4.1 Tools and methods
The process of building a cooling tower for small scale applications can be quite complex and requires maximum precision to ensure the maximum cooling performance is gained. To do that, the frame, which would be supporting the cooling tower, should be rigid and stable, also the internal components should be fitted properly to the system. To do that proper manufacturing tools and methods should be chosen. Various tools will be needed to successfully build the cooling tower like welders and bolts to attach components to the system. The frame would be built using steel, where steel bars and sheets will be connected by welding them to each other. Side walls are then to be fixed and bolted.
4.2 Subsystems
4.2.1 Frame:
Figure 8: Frame design
As shown in figure 9 the cooling tower frame and walls design where dimensions are shown in mm, the design consists of a circular hole in the roof of the cooling tower, that is where the will be placed according to our chosen alternative which is the induced draft. Side walls are also shown in figure 1 which include air inlet louvers. Water inlet and outlet holes are also specified in the diagram.
4.2.2 Heating system:
Other than the cooling tower, we will need a secondary heating system to be able to test the performance of our primary cooling system. The system consists of a heated water tank which will receive cooled water from the cooling tower sink, after that, the water will be heated and pumped again to the cooling tower water inlet.
4.2.3 System architecture
CHAPTER 5
DETAILED DESIGN
CHAPTER 6
ETHICAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMICAL AND SUSTAINABILITY
6.1 Final Cost Justification
A Cooling Tower for Small-scale Application is constructed and manufactured which is basically made of a frame, base, fan, walls, fill material, water nozzles, a basin. But to also conduct some tests a water pump and heater is added to complete the cycle. Skeletal frame production was first to be made together with the base of the project, the frame withstands the weight of the cooling tower and the base will help in the mobility of the system. Internal parts which include fill, fan, water nozzles and piping is then installed to the system. Fill material is fixed safely and appropriately to ensure minimal movement caused by the air flow. External components, which includes the fan, water heater and pump, and walls is then added. All components are bought from outside of the college.
Depending on outside supplier below are the material and labor costs.
Table 4 : General Cost
Component Amount Price (AED)
Plexiglass plate 4m x 1m 60
Aluminum L bar 18m 200
Aluminum sheet 4m x 1m 140
Green plastic panel 10 sheets 1m x 3.6m each 370
Fan 1 180
Pump 2 360
Pipe 5m 55
Thermometer 4 70
Flowmeter 1 75
Heater 1 70
Switch 3 10
Wire 3.5m 40
Floating Sensor 2 80
Nozzle 2 90
Fabrication – 1200
Total 3000
6.2 Relevant Codes of Ethics and Moral Frameworks
Ethics and morality are vital in any engineering project; therefore, it is very important to make sure that our project abides by the highest ethical standards. Below are a set of codes applicable to this project and taken from the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): [10]
1."Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public":
• "If engineers’ judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate"
• "Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards"
• Engineers shall not aid or abet the unlawful practice of engineering by a person or firm"
2. "Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence":
• "Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved"
3." Engineers shall consider environmental impact and sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties"
4. "Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence; they shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others"
5. "Engineers shall respect the proprietary information and intellectual property rights of others, including charitable organizations and professional societies in the engineering field"
6.3 Ethical Dilemmas and Justification of Proposed Solution
While dealing with a cooling system we endeavored to increase the cooling performance alongside keeping limited effect to the surrounding environment. It has always been an ethical dilemma to reduce direct benefits of a certain project to overcome ethical and environmental factors. We have adjusted between benefits and limiting the effect on the environment even though sometimes implementing the environmental friendly design reduced the expected outcome from the project.
6.4 Environmental Considerations
Other than the high humid air exiting the cooling tower there are not much of environmental issues to consider with the small-scale cooling tower. Environmental effects related to our project like the emissions of the high humid air exiting the cooling tower has been given a top priority. This will reduce the cooling performance of the cooling tower, which creates an ethical dilemma. However, we never neglected environmental emissions.
6.5 Relevance to UAE and Region (Social, Cultural, and Political)
The UAE government is extremely inspired by enhancing the innovation and applied science. The leaders’ goal is to serve the public by giving contemporary and increase and improve the way and state of living. Likewise, the primary objective of enhancing the innovation is to save the earth by picking inventive diverse strategies for cooling and decrease discharges to the environment. The UAE government put a ton of exertion and time for looks into with a specific end goal to save energy and money and to utilize products of various segments. Our goal in this project is to construct a working small-scale cooling tower with contemporary thoughts that incorporate it to be utilized for small applications. This will save cost and at the same time is environmental friendly and important in the industrial field.
These kind of innovative products will help the UAE as a developing country to enrich the rising industrial sector, which is thought to be vital thing since the nation is planning to advance and to enhance the various essential modern segments.
6.6 Other Issues and Constraints
Other than the ethics and environment there are other constraints and limitations that affected the construction of the small-scale cooling tower as a graduation project like financial, design and manufacturability limitations. Below is a brief clarification of these limitations.
1-Financial limitations:
• The cost of building the cooling tower is ought to be secured by the given spending plan from the graduation project unit.
• Making a competitive cooling tower in the market. Our project cost is bounded with the real market value of a similar product; it should be a favored choice in the market therefore maximum cost optimization is done.
2- Design limitations:
• As a small-scale cooling tower our product actual size is limited to stay in the small-scale category.
3-Manufacturing limitations:
• The design should be feasible to be built with available facilities and tools.
• Chosen parts and materials should be available in the market
CHAPTER 7
SELECTED DESIGN REALIZATION, EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENTS
CHAPTER 8
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
8.1 Tasks and Schedule
Time organization is the One of the most crucial factors in any successful work. Figure 9, shows the Gantt chart that was used from the beginning of this semester to assign the duties and set the due time to finish the tasks on time, which will assist us to compromise between studying and working on the Graduation Project during the semester. Our meetings are regularly every week to follow the Gantt chart and make sure that there is no delay in the project. These meetings were held to check the completed tasks and to work in progress as a team in case of someone of us needs any assistance.
8.2 Problems faced and solutions
As it's a rule of life; every project faces obstacles. One of the slight problems is that we couldn't find fills for our project and if we order the fills it will be so much expansive and it will take more time. This issue has been solved by product new fill by ourselves.
8.3 Resources
Various resources were used to achieve the tasks in this project. Scientific web pages and research papers were mainly used by team, in addition to some books like thermodynamics books, heat transfer and engineering ethics books. These sources are the main theoretical basis of this project and a back-up to find new and updated information about the calculations of cooling tower and how to higher them. Another resource is experiments done on the past designs. They helped us to understand the system deeply in more details and to assure that the team was going on the right way to develop the system and avoid their previous mistakes. Also, the guidance from the advisor and the coordinator was a magnificent resource of information for the team.
8.4 Each Student’s Responsibilities
In order to have a successful project, the work must be distributed equally to get use of the abilities provided by each member in the team. In this project, the work has been divided evenly. Nonetheless, abilities may vary in specific; although some of the students have distinguished abilities in researching on the internet, while the others were experienced in CATIA drawing, and some did a brilliant job in writing the report. So, each student has a unique ability for a task to be done, saving time and effort of the team. Some of the tasks were needed to be done by all the students together such as brainstorming to come up with innovative ideas, conceptual design, formatting the report and track the group work.
CHAPTER 9
Conclusion
9.1 Restatement of Purpose of Report and Objectives
This report introduces a new generation of small-scale cooling tower. The project consisted of an implemented design process to build, analyze and manufacture small-scale cooling tower and optimize its performance. The design is aimed is to create a novel small-scale cooling tower and to test its performance over a large operating range there by allowing for better determination of energy saving measures like free cooling on cooling tower fans.
9.2 Restatement of Proposed Deliverables
Predictable results from this project are to build a small portable cooling tower with high performance and efficiency. Fabrication of the prototype has been completed taking into consideration constraints of safety, cost, environment, manufacturing and ethics in design.
9.3 Summary of how each Objective and Deliverable has been met
All group members have participated in completing this project. Weekly reports, presentations, meetings with advisors and consultation has been conducted to confirm the objectives has been met. The work was distributed equally among the group members according to each one’s skills and specialty. Some worked on CAD drawing while others worked on manufacturing and report writing. Teamwork was essential to ensure all objective are completed.
9.4 New Skills Learnt
There are many skills that have been learned by the end of this project, Such as time management, Teamwork management as well as tasks distribution and organization. In addition, we learned new skills and techniques in researching and presenting the acquired data in details. Moreover, our communication skills were improved since our project included periodic visits to companies and workshops to manufacture and procure desired components for the system.