Section A
Marie Antoinette was the queen of France from 1774-1792. She was married at the age of 15 and Queen at the age of 19. She was the last queen of France before the French Revolution. It took about eight years for her and Louis to have children and her second pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. She was on trial for treason, conspiracy and incest. She was executed in October 1793 by the guillotine.
Louis XVI was King of France from 1774-1792. His hobbies included locks and hunting. He was king at 20 and was uninterested in the government. Louis spent 250,000,000 euros on the American revolution. On January 21st 1793 he was condemned to death and was executed by the guillotine.
Section B
The four main causes of the French revolution were political, financial, social, and intellectual. The first cause of the revolution was that the french monarchs considered themselves the absolute ruler. They engage in luxurious and extravagant ways in Versailles. Louis XIV participated in many wars and considered himself the state. Louis XV had no dedication to ruling France. He also had economic, military and diplomatic setbacks. He was involved with the 7 Years war was expensive for France and France lost control of New France to Britain at the battle of the Plains of Abraham. With the American revolution, France sent military experts to assist Washington and sent army troops, supplies, and money. All of this contributed to the financial crisis. This is also going to an intellectual cause as well.
There were also conflicts with parliament. Parlements stopped Louis Xv’s taxes for the 7 years was and in the 1770s he introduced an end to the corvee but the parliament refused. The parliaments will become centres of resistance to the king. Prices rose in the late 1780s. Prices of bread in the 1788 were about 50% of their income and then rose again to being almost 90% in 1789. There were poor harvests and many peasants left the countryside for cities. The national debt was very high because of the army. There were tensions between the clergy, nobility, and everyone. There were taxes like the gabelle. Which was salt tax ordered by the king which required everyone except nobility and the clergy to pay for it. Peasants were forced into working 4-6 days on roads which was called the corvee. There were also subdivisions in the 3rd estate between the Bourgeoisie, peasants and sans culottes. Some intellectual causes were the scientific revolutions that critiqued all accepted knowledge they already had and it also questioned religious beliefs. The enlightenment also occurred and came with the scientific revolution. Philosophers like Montesquieu and Rousseau challenged the church, and state.
Section C
The title of my book would be Charles 1; Battle of Power. The book would start with the beginning and would include what happened before the civil war and the events leading up. After that, it would be about the war itself and the main points that happened during the wars. The book would also include Oliver Cromwell because he plays a major part in the Civil wars by defeating Charles I and being Lord Protector. The chapter would include the events that lead up to King Charles I getting executed and the significance of that and the significance of Charles II getting banished then asking to come back. At the end of the book i would discuss the aftermath of the wars and how the monarch was restored and how England and Scotland adopted a Parliamentary monarchy. The approach i would take with this book is, why does it need to be created and who for. Writing this textbook would give students the knowledge they need to succeed in History. I would identify the main events that happened during this time period and the important people during this period also. One theme of my book i would discuss is power. Charles 1 wanted power over the parliament and for this i would say, Parliament was unhappy with the interest of George Villiers, 1st duke of Buckingham. He led a failed mission to Cadiz. Parliament wanted him dismissed from office and from that, Charles 1 dismissed parliament. This started the fire that led to Parliament and Charles 1 at a feud. Religion is also another theme i would discuss. I would talk about how religion was the one of the main causes of the revolution. It was part of the conflict between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. I would say one of the major causes was when at the start of his reign, he married Henrietta Maria who was roman catholic. This upset the people because during this time Roman Catholics were to be feared. Money was another theme that comes into the english revolution. Money was a key factor which led to the eruption of the Civil War and King Charles’ lack of money.
One of interrelationships i would discuss would be between Charles 1 and parliament. He had a continual conflict with parliament. He needed money to finance his Bishops war and needed the parliament to grant taxes. Three weeks later he dissolved parliament because they refused his demand for money. This started the feud between them. I would also discuss everything else that happened after this and after the he was forced to call parliament after the defeat of the Bishops’ War. Another interrelationship i would discuss is the relationship between Charles 1 and religion. Even though Charles 1 was very religious, he believed in the divine right of kings. At the beginning of his reign, he married Henrietta Maria of France,who is Roman Catholic which caused the people to panic. He also thought that the ranking of bishops and priests are important. This caused the protestants to think that the Charles was favoring catholicism.
The individuals i would include in the textbook are Charles I, George Villiers, Thomas Wentworth, Charles II, and Oliver Cromwell because they are the main figures when it comes to the English Revolution and they play the important roles when it comes to events. Each of these people played a specific role in the English Revolution and it is important to include them. The conclusions i would discuss is how the English civil war was obviously a progress no one expected. The Wars began initially began because of financial issues between Charles I and Parliament. Other issues that stemmed from this time were religious factors that included at that time were Scotland, Ireland, and France. Charles’ behaviour was also a major cause for the English Civil Wars.
Contents
Preface- This book will provide knowledge to the reader about the english civil war from 1640-1660. This book will also have information on the execution of King Charles and Oliver Cromwell and the reconditioning of the monarchy.
The beginning- This chapter will discuss what happened before the civil war and events that lead up to. The civil war happened because there was a breakdown in political system and religious war started to break out. Also about the smooth transition from James VI and how he brought advantages to England that Elizabeth I could not.
Conflict and Battle- this section will talk about the conflict that rose. The major battles of the First Civil War are Edgehill, Marston Moor, and Naseby. Edgehill resulted Charles rejecting Parliament's request for peace negotiations. Naseby was the TSN turning point for and the New Model Army was born.
The kill- this section is about Charles I execution. There were four charges against him and how he was found guilty and his punishment was beheading. There were negotiations to save him but Cromwell said no. The outcomes of his death resulted in the monarchy, house of lords and church or england abolished.
Commonwealth- After Charles was executed, the monarchy was put to an end and the Commonwealth of England was announced. The monarchy was reestablished to Charles I son.
Reconditioning. This section discusses how the monarchy and parliament are reestablished and religion. This section also discuss James II and the Glorious revolution.
After these chapters there will be a an order of the main events, in addition and an index.