2.0 RELATED LITERATURE
The researcher gathered data from different sources to review the information to further understand the subject. This chapter includes both local and foreign studies, newsletters, journals, statistics, and published and unpublished works so that through these data the researcher will explain the project in full details.
2.1 LOCAL RELATED LITERATURE
DepED EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES MANUAL
The DepED Educational Facilities Manual is a revision of the 2007 Educational Facilities Handbook. The manual is made to provide a reference material that has efficient and effective management of educational facilities to the Department of Education central, regional and field officials (Educational Facilities, 2010) The manual has building construction of school guidelines and other improvements. Also, it is to contribute to the achievement of the quest for quality education. The manual helped the researcher to use the standard planning and designing an elementary school that are legal provisions, standards, guidelines, and instructions.
National Building Code of the Philippines (Presidential Decree 1096)
The code is the policy provided of the State for a safeguard life, health, property and public welfare, the principle of the code is to give a sound environmental management and control. The purpose of the Code is to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards and requirements for the regulation and control of their location, site, design, quality of materials, construction, use occupancy and maintenance. The code helped the Researcher to apply standards and other guidelines included on the code and standards that needed for the project were used to conform to the law.
Plumbing Code of the Philippines
A school is one among other buildings that uses a large consumption of water. The wrong installation may result to the spreading of diseases and poor health to the users so the designer must be conforming to this law to avoid problems. The government regulate the plumbing for the protection of public health. The objective of the law is to ensure the qualified observance of the latest provision of the plumbing and environmental laws. This code helped the researcher to follow the standards in plumbing to make the design with accordance to the law.
Schools to have rainwater, materials recovery facilities and Vegetable garden
(Mateo, 2016) discusses the order of DepEd to require public school of having rainwater collection and materials recovery facilities. It is a separate provision in the General Appropriations Act of 2016. The objective is to promote the efficient use of rainwater. And establishing a MRF which is suitable open space for promoting environmental awareness and action. He also said that the rainwater must follow the prototypes according to DPWH while the Recovery facility must follow the guidelines of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.In addition, The Department of Education also require the schools which has available lands t have vegetable gardens wherein the students will learn about science and nutrition related stuff through vegetable farming. The harvest vegetable from the garden will be used for the school-based feeding program as implemented by the Dep Ed ad response to undernutrition among the students.
The new added facilities helped the researcher to include facilities that will help the school maintenance and contribution to the food supply of the school.
Operational Guidelines on the Implementation of School-Based Feeding Program
The programs covers all severely wasted(SW) and wasted (W) Kindergarten to grade 6 for the S.Y. 2017-2018 and the program aims to improve nutritional status of the beneficiaries by at least 70% at the end of 120 days and to increase classroom attendance by 85% to 100% and children health, nutrition values and behavior ( “School-Based Feeding Program”, 2017) while in 2014-2015 record already showed significant impact of the program. The result showed that most of beneficiary pupils’ attentiveness and sociability improved. During the feeding program the attentiveness is (96%) and 95% after the program and with sociability (97%) during the program and (96%) after the program. Also, attendance of beneficiaries became 94% and 92% of the children sustained good attendance. (Tabunda, Albert, and Angeles-Agdeppa, n.d.)
The study contribute to the study about the link between malnutrition and poor health to the poor classroom performance, absenteeism and drop outs. The statistic showed that regular eating of healthy foods greatly affects pupils’ performance in school and the growth in more effective during the program. It only manifest that this process of serving pupils with nutritious food has to be implemented.
2.2 FOREIGN RELATED LITERATURE
The role of school facilities
According to a publication of Urbecon Volume 1, The following school facilities determines student performance:
1. Environmental conditions
Research literature cleared that environmental factors of school facilities contribute towards student performance (Student Performance, 2015). It discusses that the quality of spatial configurations, noise, heat, light, and air obviously bear on the users’ ability to perform.
2. School size
On a research conducted the author explain that with some smaller schools have better result with their attendance, activities, lower dropout percentage, have a sense of belonging, and social behavior. It only reflects that smaller ratio of student and classroom provides more opportunity for the students to learn and to attend their needs even more than having larger ratio.
3. Condition of school facilities
It includes the safety and security of facilities, the appearance of the school, environment and other factor that can satisfy the users. It discusses in the research that this condition can indirectly affects the users.
How School Facilities Affect Student Performance
(Hamilton, 2017) enumerates in Classroom website the different important factor of school facilities.
1.Temperature Control
School with too cold or hot environment hugely has bad effect on user’s performance. School must provide a well-regulated temperature control system for the comfort of the children in which they can focus on their tasks.
2. Light and Nature
A facility that has large window for enough lighting of rooms and provides overlook greenspaces or any other indoor plants results to creative and engaged learning.
3. Arrangement
The author stated Goldberg and Davidson regarding the arrangement of seats of many with 21st century classrooms. The author said that students are arrange in a small group and even go so far to eliminate positioning at teacher’s station altogether. This setup creates a feeling of cooperation of among the students and students to teacher.
Golden Bridges School in San Francisco
(Fehrenbacher , 2016) discusses that the Golden Bridges School in San Francisco house the nation’s first urban farm grade school in an innovative living structure which has as much landscape as it is a building. The new campus will join the outdoor and indoor environment to create learning spaces for the several benefits of the environment and others student benefits. The agriculture space is allocated at the 203 Cotter Street in San Francisco, Mission Terrace neighborhood. It is an urban farm for kindergarten students while the farm for grade 1 and grade 2 is at the Golden Bridges School. Here the students grow kale, zucchini, onions, other vegetable and herbs.
The projects of Golden Bridges helped the researcher on the possibility of combining school and farm and the benefits of incorporating farming to a school for both environment and students. Also, it provides general information on how to create areas for urban farming.
Mutuini Primary School in Nairobi, Kenya
In this report, many of the children of Mutuini Primary School in Nairobi, Kenya are struggling to have enough food at home, so the Farm Africa helps different school on setting up urban farms in school grounds or any available spaces to grow food in order to help the students to have nutritious school lunch which helps to grow up strong and to concentrate in class and lastly so that they would learn the importance of farming skills in the future. Farm Africa (2016).