Introduction:
Iraq is part of the Middle East. The capital city of Iraq is Baghdad and the population of Iraq is proximately (37) Millions. Even though Iraq has rich natural resources, it is still one of the Arabic region's that has a huge food insecurity. During last three years, Iraq has suffered from the conflict because of ISIS war. There are many people who lost their life's in the war and there are about (11) million people who have faced displacement from their lands.
Mosul is located in north of Iraq and it has (1.7) million people. All of them have displaced from Mosul to other areas during the war on ISIS. According to government figures, there are about (165,000) displaced households who returned to Mosul because it is liberated from ISIS group. They need help from the humanitarian organizations. For example, they need food, clean water, health care and money. There is a great opportunity for international organizations to support them for living to pass food security challenge which they have now.
In this project, there are three strategic objectives to achieve the goal which is food insecurity in displaced households in Mosul is decreased. The strategic objectives are access to public services, increasing their income, and reducing malnutrition. Also, there are some intermediate results such as displaced households have access to health care, clean water, credit, and food. Also, displaced households have increased employment opportunities and awareness.
The number of displaced households who have gotten benefit from public services, the percentage of displaced households who have started their business or work, and the percentage of families who have access to food are examples for metrics of success. Also, there are three questions for learning agenda such as what are right ways that help beneficiary to get access to public services in Mosul? And what are methods that increase displaced household's income?
Problem tree:
Problem Analysis:
The main cause of food insecurity in Iraq is violent and conflict which covered all Iraq governances last three years. Though Mosul is liberated from conflict by Iraq government, there are some causes that have faced displaced households who returned to Mosul such as lack of access to the public distribution system, public services, and lack of income.
Lack of access to public distribution system:
There are many displaced households have suffered from malnutrition and hunger because they do not have basic needs such as food. There are many displaced households have lack of access to the public distribution system that Iraq government has created to help household's families because it is unavailable. The public distribution system is a very important source of food to household's families because it consists five different types of food which are wheat flour, rice, sugar, vegetable oil and powdered milk. Also, some displaced families have received their food intermittently or half of their ration because of the shortcoming of public distribution system items. The effectiveness of public distribution system has decreased because of administrative corruption and militias. Also, some vulnerable families lost their civil documents or change their address because they displaced from area to other area.
Lack of public services:
In (2016), the government of Iraq decided to begin a new war to control Mosul from the conflict. Because of that, there are many damages that happened in public services such as hospitals and water.
According to reliefweb, less than (10%) percent of health facilities in Mosul are working at full capacity. Also, there are many children who are struggling to get health care because there are (60) health centers have been damaged by the war in the Mosul. Some displaced household's face death because they do not have their medicines. Also, there are many displaced households in Mosul depend on the poor quality of water in their daily life because they have been denied access to clean water.
Lack of income:
The years of conflict have had negative effects on income. The majority of people who live in Mosul do not have earned money for one month. Some of them depend on credit to purchase their food. There are many families who have obstacles to get one main meal every day, especially big families. The rate of poverty becomes very high because the job opportunities are very low, and the majority of displaced households depend on their neighbors, friends, and families to borrow some money to buy food which means the debt will increase through the time.
Effects:
There are many effects on displaced households who returned to Mosul such as malnutrition, poverty, and diseases.
Malnutrition: many displaced households have malnutrition because they do not have sufficient food for eating. The rate of malnutrition in Mosul is very high among children. There are many effects of malnutrition on children which are underweight, wasting and stunting.
Poverty: the level of poverty is very high in Mosul because many displaced households do not have work or money.
Diseases: because of lack of health care and clean water in Mosul, there are many displaced households have diseases.
There are fundamental food security concepts depending on the global definition of food security which is "food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." (WFS). Depending on four categories of food security which are availability, access, utilization, and stability the food insecurity has existed in this case.
There are many organizations and some Iraq ministries we need to cooperate with in order to achieve the project goal which is food insecurity in displaced households in Mosul is decreased. The organizations are very important for the project because they have experience and knowledge to deal with this type of disasters. Also, Iraq ministries are necessary to provide all information we need during implementation the project. The organizations and ministries such as:
World Health Organization: to provide health care for displaced households cooperation with the Iraq ministry of health.
United Nations Development Programme: to promote and increase awareness among displaced.
World Bank: to design cash for work program.
The Iraq ministry of agriculture: to find best place for wells.
Public Distribution System Program: to update displaced household's new information's.
US Department of Agriculture and the UN World Food Program: to provide food for displaced households.
Results Framework:
There are three strategic objectives to achieve the goal which is food insecurity in displaced households in Mosul is decreased. The strategic objectives are access to public services, increasing their income, and reducing malnutrition. Also, there are some intermediate results such as displaced households have access to health care, clean water, credit, and food. Also, displaced households have increased employment opportunities and awareness.
Because the crisis in Mosul is very complicated, the project focuses on displaced households as a group of people who help each other. Therefore, the mutualistic relationship among displaced households will help project to achieve its goals.
SO 1: displaced households have access to public services.
IR 1.1: displaced households have access to health care:
The intervention is providing health care by running mobile clinics contain vaccination to protect displaced households from infectious diseases. Also, providing medications and treatments that help patients to improve their health and prevent some diseases such as heart, asthma, diabetes diseases cooperating with World Health Organization.
IR 1.2: displaced households have access to clean water:
Because clean water is very necessary for displaced households in their life's the intervention seeks to address lack of clean water by some methods such as delivering potable water by truck to store in tanks Also, we can drill wells cooperation with the ministry of agriculture in Iraq to provide clean water to toilets and washing.
So 2: displaced households have increased their income:
IR 2.1 displaced households have increased employment opportunities:
The intervention is cash for work program to increase employment opportunities for displaced households. The jobs will be including cleaning and sweeping streets, rehabilitation of schools, breaking of rocks for road rehabilitation, replacement of culverts and drainage clearance. For that reason, displaced households can earn money to increase their income, and they can get experience to work in general service sectors in the future. Also, it is a good way to enhance purchasing power and Iraq's economic. Also, workers can improve the environment, and that will reduce the rate of diseases in the area.
IR 2.2: displaced households have access to credit:
The project can cooperate with The World Bank to finance subprojects to support displaced households to start their own businesses which focus on food, water, and health to increase their income and help others displaced households to get benefits from this project such as bread bakeries, restaurants, and private clinic because consumers need these shops in their daily live.
So 3: displaced households have reduced malnutrition
IR 3.1: displaced households have access to food:
The intervention is cooperating with US Department of Agriculture and the UN World Food Program to support displaced by giving them coupons for food to help them to get food and fill the gap of Public Distribution System until it starts working again. Also, providing micronutrient supplements which include vitamin A, salt, and iron to help children to recover from malnutrition. The project should help displaced to update their information's to give them the opportunity to receive their food.
IR 3.2: displaced households have increased their awareness:
The intervention is increasing the awareness among displaced households. Lack of food is not only the cause of malnutrition but also lack of education in some displaced persons because they do not have enough knowledge how can they avoid malnutrition. The aim of the intervention is encouraging displaced to attend to the courses of nutrition training that will help them to know the importance of hygiene and breastfeeding. Also, they may learn some ways that will assist them in any hard situation that they may face in the future. The project can encourage them to attend the course by giving them more food.
The project time will take about five years to achieve the project goal which is food insecurity in displaced households in Mosul is decreased. During this time, there are some steps for the success of project as following:
Year Step
First year: helping displaced households to reduce the food insecurity.
Second year: monitoring the progress of the project.
Third year: examination of interventions and Correct the mistakes.
Fourth year: evaluation the work of the project
Fifth year: Final report
Metrics of Success:
This part is very important to know whether the project will achieve its goal which is food insecurity in displaced households in Mosul is decreased or not by measuring the strategic objectives and intermediate results.
Strategic Objectives and Intermediate Results Indicators Report
SO 1: displaced households have access to public services The number of displaced households who have gotten benefit from public services Monthly
IR 1.1: displaced households have access to health care The number of displaced households who have gotten treatment from clinics Daily
IR 1.2: displaced households have access to clean water: The number of displaced households who have access to clean water Weekly
So 2: displaced households have increased their income The percentage of displaced households who have started their business or work Monthly
IR 2.1 displaced households have increased employment opportunities: The number of displaced households who have found a new job Daily
IR 2.2: displaced households have access to credit: The number of displaced households who have gotten loans Every two months
So 3: displaced households have reduced malnutrition The percentage of families who have access to food Monthly
IR 3.1: displaced households have access to food: The number of displaced households who have updated their information's in PDS, or have gotten coupons Monthly
IR 3.2: displaced households have increased their awareness: The number of displaced households who have attended to courses By courses
Learning Agenda:
There are some very important questions that have to be answered to know whether interventions are working very well or not.
These questions are as following:
What are right ways that help beneficiary to get access to public services in Mosul?
To answer this question, the expert should use his knowledge to know the best ways that help displaced households to reach available and sustainable public services. It is very necessary to interview displaced who live in Mosul and work with Iraq ministries.
What are methods that increase displaced household's income?
This question can be answered relying on the most successful project in the area. Also, using the database of jobs opportunity will clarify the best methods that increase people's income.
How can displaced households reduce malnutrition?
To answer this question, the expert should interview displaced households to know their food and behaviors and that will help the expert to create a good intervention to help them to reduce malnutrition.